An efficient method for train-track-substructure dynamic interaction analysis by implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution

In this work,a method is put forward to obtain the dynamic solution efficiently and accurately for a large-scale train-track-substructure(TTS)system.It is called implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution method(abbreviated as mI-nE-MTS method).The TTS system is divided into train-track subsystem and substruc-ture subsystem.Considering that the root cause of low effi-ciency of obtaining TTS solution lies in solving the alge-braic equation of the substructures,the high-efficient Zhai method,an explicit integration scheme,can be introduced to avoid matrix inversion process.The train-track system is solved by implicitly Park method.Moreover,it is known that the requirement of time step size differs for different sub-systems,integration methods and structural frequency response characteristics.A multi-time-step solution is pro-posed,in which time step size for the train-track subsystem and the substructure subsystem can be arbitrarily chosen once satisfying stability and precision demand,namely the time spent for m implicit integral steps is equal to n explicit integral steps,i.e.,mI=nE as mentioned above.The numeri-cal examples show the accuracy,efficiency,and engineering practicality of the proposed method.

CHARACTERISTIC GALERKIN METHOD FOR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS AND IMPLICIT ALGORITHM USING PRECISE INTEGRATION

This paper presents a finite element procedure for solving transient, multidimensional convection-diffusion equations. The procedure is based on the characteristic Galerkin method with an implicit algorithm using precise integration method. With the operator splitting procedure, the precise integration method is introduced to determine the material derivative in the convection-diffusion equation, consequently, the physical quantities of material points. An implicit algorithm with a combination of both the precise and the traditional numerical integration procedures in time domain in the Lagrange coordinates for the characteristic Galerkin method is formulated. The stability analysis of the algorithm shows that the unconditional stability of present implicit algorithm is enhanced as compared with that of the traditional implicit numerical integration procedure. The numerical results validate the presented method in solving convection-diffusion equations. As compared with SUPG method and explicit characteristic Galerkin method, the present method gives the results with higher accuracy and better stability.

Stability of an explicit time-integration algorithm for hybrid tests, considering stiffness hardening behavior

An explicit unconditionally stable algorithm for hybrid tests,which is developed from the traditional HHT-α algorithm,is proposed.The unconditional stability is first proven by the spectral radius method for a linear system.If the value of α is selected within [-0.5,0],then the algorithm is shown to be unconditionally stable.Next,the root locus method for a discrete dynamic system is applied to analyze the stability of a nonlinear system.The results show that the proposed method is conditionally stable for dynamic systems with stiffness hardening.To improve the stability of the proposed method,the structure stiffness is then identified and updated.Both numerical and pseudo-dynamic tests on a structure with the collision effect prove that the stiffness updating method can effectively improve stability.

Nonlinear evaluations of unconditionally stable explicit algorithms

Two explicit integration algorithms with unconditional stability for linear elastic systems have been successfully developed for pseudodynamic testing. Their numerical properties in the solution of a linear elastic system have been well explored and their applications to the pseudodynamic testing of a nonlinear system have been shown to be feasible. However, their numerical properties in the solution of a nonlinear system are not apparent. Therefore, the performance of both algorithms for use in the solution of a nonlinear system has been analytically evaluated after introducing an instantaneous degree of nonlinearity. The two algorithms have roughly the same accuracy for a small value of the product of the natural frequency and step size. Meanwhile, the first algorithm is unconditionally stable when the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is less than or equal to 1, and it becomes conditionally stable when it is greater than 1. The second algorithm is conditionally stable as the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is less than 1/9, and becomes unstable when it is greater than 1. It can have unconditional stability for the range between 1/9 and 1. Based on these evaluations, it was concluded that the first algorithm is superior to the second one. Also, both algorithms were found to require commensurate computational efforts, which are much less than needed for the Newmark explicit method in general structural dynamic problems.

VQT:value cardinality and query pattern based R-schema to XML schema translation with implicit referential integrity

In this paper,we propose a new relational schema (R-schema) to XML schema translation algorithm, VQT, which analyzes the value cardinality and user query patterns and extracts the implicit referential integrities by using the cardinality property of foreign key constraints between columns and the equi-join characteristic in user queries. The VQT algorithm can apply the extracted implied referential integrity relation information to the R-schema and create an XML schema as the final result. Therefore, the VQT algorithm prevents the R-schema from being incorrectly converted into the XML schema, and it richly and powerfully represents all the information in the R-schema by creating an XML schema as the translation result on behalf of the XML DTD.

智慧交通视域下乘用车系统集成化设计研究

目的为完善“智慧交通”系统下乘用车设计思维模型,提升传统设计思维方法的客观性和可操作性研究,建立人车共存创新机制。方法研究以“智慧交通”体系为基准,以“聚”系统视角为核心,将天、地、人、车等相关因素集成融合并借鉴交叉学科,制定“智慧交通”集成化系统设计创新发展范式及未来智能汽车可成长式设计质量应用方案。结果提出“智慧交通”集成化系统创新关联性即:显性关联、隐性关联、人机协同创新关联。结论伴随着相关影响因素样本的不断完善及探测通道的持久深入,智能汽车系统集成化创新质量管理研究可有效提升智能汽车持续性探索机制,也为相关专业理论集成及系统优化提供参考。

基于因素空间理论的扫类连环多分类算法

为解决多分类问题,基于因素空间理论中因素显隐的思想,在扫类连环分类算法基础上,定义类别的合并,提出因素显隐的合并扫类连环分类方法,给出算法步骤,并用数值算例进行分析;定义类别的两两组合,提出因素显隐的两两扫类连环分类方法,给出算法步骤,并用数值算例进行分析。提出采用因素显隐的差额绝对值方法解决两个算法执行过程中出现的决策类别分不开的问题;对UCI数据集中3个实例与支持向量机作了算法对比分析,研究结果表明:提出的合并扫类连环分类方法、两两扫类连环分类方法实现了因素显隐,分类算法的精确度优于支持向量机。多分类学习的因素显隐研究结论拓展了因素空间的理论及应用研究。

三维地质建模技术与方法综述

三维地质建模是起源于工业领域计算机图形学引用到地学领域形成的三维数字化技术,地质体轮廓不规则性、特性的空间不均匀性、已知数据的稀疏性和认识过程的反复性决定了三维地质建模对图形几何算法和渲染技术的特殊要求,也决定了与其他领域三维技术如GIS和BIM之间存在的基础性差别。针对我国基础建设领域工程地质三维地质建模技术类型繁多、良莠不齐的现实,本文系统性地阐述了三维地质建模的基础理论与核心技术、建模方法、应用功能实现与展望:(1)三维地质建模以离散数学理论为基础,插值算法是其中最关键的核心技术,文中介绍和对比分析了离散光滑(DSI)和克里金两种插值方法,从原理和应用的角度论证了DSI具有更好的适应性;(2)显式和隐式建模方法是核心技术针对不同场景形成的三维地质建模的通用方法,在工程地质领域分别适合于勘探为主和物探为主的情形,文中结合应用案例阐述了各自的特点;(3)应用功能是显式和隐式建模方法针对不同特点的地质体的应用方式,其中的通用型功能针对地层和构造等所有地学领域都涉及的地质体,定制化功能则针对行业关心的特定地质体(如水电行业的深切河谷岸坡卸荷带)且以提高建模效率为主要目的。本文通过对三维地质建模技术的阶段性总结,为未来发展提供有价值的技术指引,并将为三维工程地质体结构的透明化表征提供重要的技术支撑。

车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统显隐式求解算法的收敛性分析

针对车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统的动力学方程联立求解过程,将车辆和轨道分别考虑为2个子系统,通过2个子系统之间的位移协调和轮轨非线性接触力耦合,再结合显隐式积分格式,提出车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统的分离迭代和分离同步两种求解方法,通过算例验证了两种方法的正确性,并对两种求解方法的收敛性进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:显隐式分离迭代法和显隐式分离同步法的最大有效时间步长分别是0.5、0.1 ms;在时间步长较大时,采用Aitken加速法可以起到增强显隐式分离迭代法的计算稳定性的作用,但Aitken加速法的作用会随着时间步长的减小而变小;相同时间步长下显隐式分离同步法的计算效率要比显隐式分离迭代法高,但可以通过选用较大的时间步长来提高显隐式分离迭代法的计算效率。

新时代高职院校显隐融合法治教育模式研究

法治教育是全面依法治国方略的基本要求,是培养新时代德才兼备职业教育人才的本质要求。高职院校是青少年普法的重要阵地,针对高职院校法治教育形式单一、育人效果不佳等问题,显隐融合的法治教育模式,有利于引导学生坚定走中国特色社会主义法治道路的信仰,为推动中国式现代化的高质量发展,全面推进依法治国建设提供重要保障。

Higher-dimensional Chen-Lee-Liu equation and asymmetric peakon soliton

Integrable systems play a crucial role in physics and mathematics.In particular,the traditional(1+1)-dimensional and(2+1)-dimensional integrable systems have received significant attention due to the rarity of integrable systems in higher dimensions.Recent studies have shown that abundant higher-dimensional integrable systems can be constructed from(1+1)-dimensional integrable systems by using a deformation algorithm.Here we establish a new(2+1)-dimensional Chen-Lee-Liu(C-L-L)equation using the deformation algorithm from the(1+1)-dimensional C-L-L equation.The new system is integrable with its Lax pair obtained by applying the deformation algorithm to that of the(1+1)-dimension.It is challenging to obtain the exact solutions for the new integrable system because the new system combines both the original C-L-L equation and its reciprocal transformation.The traveling wave solutions are derived in implicit function expression,and some asymmetry peakon solutions are found.

Full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method based on the modified alternating direction implicit method

A modified alternating direction implicit algorithm is proposed to solve the full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method formulation based on H fields. The cross-coupling terms are neglected in the first sub-step, but evaluated and doubly used in the second sub-step. The order of two sub-steps is reversed for each transverse magnetic field component so that the cross-coupling terms are always expressed in implicit form, thus the calculation is very efficient and stable. Moreover, an improved six-point finite-difference scheme with high accuracy independent of specific structures of waveguide is also constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms along the transverse directions. The imaginary-distance procedure is used to assess the validity and utility of the present method. The field patterns and the normalized propagation constants of the fundamental mode for a buried rectangular waveguide and a rib waveguide are presented. Solutions are in excellent agreement with the benchmark results from the modal transverse resonance method.

Extensions of nonlinear error propagation analysis for explicit pseudodynamic testing

Two important extensions of a technique to perform a nonlinear error propagation analysis for an explicit pseudodynamic algorithm （Chang, 2003） are presented. One extends the stability study from a given time step to a complete step-by-step integration procedure. It is analytically proven that ensuring stability conditions in each time step leads to a stable computation of the entire step-by-step integration procedure. The other extension shows that the nonlinear error propagation results, which are derived for a nonlinear single degree of freedom （SDOF） system, can be applied to a nonlinear multiple degree of freedom （MDOF） system. This application is dependent upon the determination of the natural frequencies of the system in each time step, since all the numerical properties and error propagation properties in the time step are closely related to these frequencies. The results are derived from the step degree of nonlinearity. An instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is introduced to replace the step degree of nonlinearity and is shown to be easier to use in practice. The extensions can be also applied to the results derived from a SDOF system based on the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity, and hence a time step might be appropriately chosen to perform a pseudodynamic test prior to testing.

Extrapolation of Explicit DIMSIMs of High Order to Solve the Ordinary Differential Equations

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effciency of explicit diagonally implicit multi-stage integration methods with extrapolation. The author gave detailed explanation of explicit diagonally implicit multi-stage integration method and compared the base method with a technique known as extrapolation to improve the effciency. Extrapolation for symmetric Runge-Kutta method is proven to improve the accuracy since with extrapolation the solutions exhibit asymptotic error expansion, however for General linear methods, it is not known whether extrapolation can improve the effciency or not. Therefore this research focuses on the numerical experimental results of the explicit diagonally implicit multistage integration with and without extrapolation for solving some ordinary differential equations. The numerical results showed that the base method with extrapolation is more effcient than the method without extrapolation.

采用粘弹性人工边界时显式算法稳定性的改善研究

在显式动力计算中引入粘弹性人工边界时,受人工边界刚度和阻尼等因素影响,整体模型的数值积分稳定性将变得更为严格,这在一定程度上限制了粘弹性人工边界在大规模显式动力计算中的应用。该文基于对采用粘弹性人工边界的显式时域逐步积分算法稳定性条件的分析及其影响因素的研究,提出通过对人工边界附加集中质量来改善其数值积分稳定性的方法,发展了稳定性更优的改进粘弹性人工边界。为确定合理的人工边界质量值,利用基于局部子系统的稳定性分析方法推导得到改进粘弹性人工边界的稳定性条件,通过比较分析给出人工边界质量参数的建议值。采用该建议值后,粘弹性人工边界区的数值积分稳定性条件优于内部计算域的稳定性条件,整体计算模型的稳定性由内部计算域控制,此时可以用常规的稳定性判别准则来确定临界时间积分步长。数值算例表明,该文提出的粘弹性人工边界数值积分稳定性改善方法在提高计算效率的同时保持原人工边界的计算精度,具有较强的实用性。

隐性知识外显案例匹配双维改进

隐性知识对知识应用与创新意义重大,为此设计一套隐性知识外显案例匹配算法。基于RS-PSO算法对案例匹配空间进行纵向压缩,得到最优条件属性集;采用聚合距离参数改进FCM算法,增强聚类效果并对案例匹配空间实施横向压缩;融合条件属性间关联特性以及知识用户主观偏好,引入Choquet模糊积分通过非线性规划模型求解案例视图;在此基础之上,考虑直觉模糊数自有信息量,兼顾相似度与关联度以确定匹配结果。算例结果表明,相较于传统匹配算法,其具有比较优势。

智能媒体视域下高校思想政治教育的“显隐融合”

促进显性教育与隐性教育融合是实现思想政治教育“三全育人”目标的重要路径。智能媒体虚拟结合现实技术的应用,能构建思想政治教育“显隐融合”的场景转换,形成显性教育中的无意识隐性感知;移动计算技术可以对受教育者言行进行全天候持续性刻画,建立显性疏导前的隐性透视,实现思想政治教育“显隐融合”的全过程追踪;基于历史搜索条件的隐性推送,能增强思想政治教育显性课程内容的吸引力和渗透力。在智能媒体应用中,既要避免思想政治教育对虚拟场景的过度依赖,防止隐性追踪过程中的信息泄露,又要拓展受教育者的认知广度,突破隐性推送中的“个人日报”式禁锢。

考虑非共轴性的隧道开挖引起的地表沉降数值分析

为研究与主应力旋转密切相关的土体变形非共轴性对隧道工程数值变形分析结果的影响,采用考虑土体变形非共轴性的本构模型对隧道开挖引起地表沉降的问题开展有限元分析。首先,在考虑双曲硬化法则的Drucker-Prager模型中引入角点型非共轴流动法则构建非共轴模型;然后,推导该模型的半隐式应力更新算法的理论迭代格式,并编写相应的用户材料子程序UMAT,从而将该模型在ABAQUS/Standard分析模块中进行数值实现;最后,建立平面应变条件的隧道开挖有限元模型,分析考虑非共轴性的主应力旋转对隧道开挖的影响规律。分析结果表明:1)隧道开挖会在隧道腰部发展出2条交叉的塑性带,分析模型中非共轴塑性模量越小,塑性带延伸越远;2)随非共轴模量的减小,开挖面周围土体主应力旋转的区域和程度变大;3)本构模型的非共轴效应越强,隧道开挖引起的最大地表沉降值越大,地表沉降曲线的沉降槽越深;4)隧道收敛变形中,顶部和侧面向隧道内收敛变形的程度会随模型非共轴塑性模量的减小而增大。

基于VBR的永磁同步电机节点建模方法研究

大规模电力电子分布式电源与电力电子装置的接入将使电网特性逐渐电力电子化,进行电磁暂态仿真时,将电机模型采用节点法进行建模可以将其作为1个电路元件对整个电力电子系统整体进行建模仿真,提高了仿真效率。voltage-behind-reactance(VBR)建模方法通过将电机建模为电阻–电感–反电势的节点模型,具有直接的电机–外电路接口,但是该方法并不适用于转子结构不对称的凸极式永磁同步电机。针对该问题,文章首先推导基于扩展反电势的凸极式永磁同步电机的数学模型,并提出一种隐显式混合数值积分方法以解决该模型扩展反电势微分项求解的问题。对比了多种建模方法的准确性及运行效率,仿真结果表明,所提模型具有较高的仿真精度与运算速度,且在较大的仿真步长也能够保持稳定,可以准确、高效地应用于包含凸极式永磁同步电机的电力电子系统暂态仿真。

高温下TC4合金的黏塑性本构模型研究

TC4合金广泛应用于高温环境下,基于TC4合金的单轴蠕变试验和高温拉伸试验研究了其高温下的黏塑性本构模型。提出一种不统一的考虑损伤的黏塑性本构模型,将非弹性应变分解为蠕变应变和塑性应变两部分,蠕变应变采用多轴延性耗竭模型计算,塑性应变通过考虑损伤和随动硬化的屈服函数计算,并推导了该模型的有限元隐式积分算法和一致切向模量。使用遗传算法确定了该模型所需的材料参数,通过Abaqus有限元软件的UMAT子程序将该模型进行编程并采用三维八节点等参单元进行计算。由计算结果可知,该模型可以有效地预测TC4合金蠕变曲线的3个阶段以及高温拉伸过程中的软化阶段。