Vulnerability technology is the basic of network security technology,vulnerability quantitative grading methods,such as CVSS,WIVSS,ICVSS,provide a reference to vulnerability management,but the problems of ignoring the...Vulnerability technology is the basic of network security technology,vulnerability quantitative grading methods,such as CVSS,WIVSS,ICVSS,provide a reference to vulnerability management,but the problems of ignoring the risk elevation caused by a group of vulnerabilities and low accuracy of exploitable level evaluation exist in current vulnerability quantitative grading methods.To solve problems above in current network security quantitative evaluation methods,this paper verified the high relevance degree between type and exploitable score of vulnerability,proposed a new vulnerability quantitative grading method ICVSS,ICVSS can explore attack path using continuity level defined by privilege,add vulnerability type to measure indexes of exploitable metrics and use Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to quantify the influence of vulnerability type on exploitable level.Compared with CVSS and WIVSS,ICVSS is proved that it can discover attack path consist of a sequence of vulnerabilities for network security situation evaluation,and has more accuracy and stability.展开更多
Since the concept of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ was first proposed in 1998, mean trophic level of fisheries landings（MTL） has become one of the most widely used indicators to assess the impacts of fishing on ...Since the concept of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ was first proposed in 1998, mean trophic level of fisheries landings（MTL） has become one of the most widely used indicators to assess the impacts of fishing on the integrity of marine ecosystem and guide the policy development by many management agencies. Recent studies suggest that understanding underlying causes for changes in MTL is vital for an appropriate use of MTL as an indicator of fishery sustainability. Based on the landing data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO） and trophic information of relevant species in Fishbase, we evaluated MTL trends in 14 FAO fishing areas and analyzed catches of upper and lower trophic level groups under different trends of MTL and found that both the cases of a recovered MTL trend and a generally increasing MTL trend could be accompanied by decreasing catches of lower trophic level species. Further, community structure and exploitation history should be considered in using MTL after excluding species with trophic levels lower than 3.25 to distinguish ＂fishingthrough＂ from ＂fishing-down＂. We conclude that MTL used as an indicator to measure fishery sustainability can benefit from a full consideration of both upper and lower trophic level species and masking effects of community structure and exploitation history.展开更多
文摘Vulnerability technology is the basic of network security technology,vulnerability quantitative grading methods,such as CVSS,WIVSS,ICVSS,provide a reference to vulnerability management,but the problems of ignoring the risk elevation caused by a group of vulnerabilities and low accuracy of exploitable level evaluation exist in current vulnerability quantitative grading methods.To solve problems above in current network security quantitative evaluation methods,this paper verified the high relevance degree between type and exploitable score of vulnerability,proposed a new vulnerability quantitative grading method ICVSS,ICVSS can explore attack path using continuity level defined by privilege,add vulnerability type to measure indexes of exploitable metrics and use Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to quantify the influence of vulnerability type on exploitable level.Compared with CVSS and WIVSS,ICVSS is proved that it can discover attack path consist of a sequence of vulnerabilities for network security situation evaluation,and has more accuracy and stability.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos NSFC41306127 and NSFC41276156the Funding Program for Outstanding Dissertations in Shanghai Ocean University+1 种基金the Funding Scheme for Training Young Teachers in Shanghai Colleges and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Fisheries Discipline)the involvement of Y.Chen was supported by SHOU International Center for Marine Studies and Shanghai 1000 Talent Program
文摘Since the concept of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ was first proposed in 1998, mean trophic level of fisheries landings（MTL） has become one of the most widely used indicators to assess the impacts of fishing on the integrity of marine ecosystem and guide the policy development by many management agencies. Recent studies suggest that understanding underlying causes for changes in MTL is vital for an appropriate use of MTL as an indicator of fishery sustainability. Based on the landing data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO） and trophic information of relevant species in Fishbase, we evaluated MTL trends in 14 FAO fishing areas and analyzed catches of upper and lower trophic level groups under different trends of MTL and found that both the cases of a recovered MTL trend and a generally increasing MTL trend could be accompanied by decreasing catches of lower trophic level species. Further, community structure and exploitation history should be considered in using MTL after excluding species with trophic levels lower than 3.25 to distinguish ＂fishingthrough＂ from ＂fishing-down＂. We conclude that MTL used as an indicator to measure fishery sustainability can benefit from a full consideration of both upper and lower trophic level species and masking effects of community structure and exploitation history.
