Exploratory Data Analysis Applied in Mapping Multi-element Soil Geochemical Anomalies for Drill Target Definition:A Case Study from the Unpha Layered Non-magmatic Hydrothermal Pb-Zn Deposit,DPR Korea

A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization.A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn,Cu and Pb,related to mineralization,was selected for interpretation.The median+2 MAD(median absolute deviation)method of exploratory data analysis(EDA)and C-A(concentration-area)fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance,as defined by Zn,Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi-element anomalies.As a result,the median+2 MAD method more successfully identified the Pb-Zn mineralization than the C-A fractal model.The soil anomaly identified by the median+2 MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements(Zn,Cu and Pb)rather than thirteen elements(Co,Zn,Cu,V,Mo,Ni,Cr,Mn,Pb,Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti)was the more favorable reflection of the ore body.The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb-Zn ore bodies for validation.The results showed that the median+2 MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization,which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage.

Clustering Structure Analysis in Time-Series Data With Density-Based Clusterability Measure

Clustering is used to gain an intuition of the struc tures in the data.Most of the current clustering algorithms pro duce a clustering structure even on data that do not possess such structure.In these cases,the algorithms force a structure in the data instead of discovering one.To avoid false structures in the relations of data,a novel clusterability assessment method called density-based clusterability measure is proposed in this paper.I measures the prominence of clustering structure in the data to evaluate whether a cluster analysis could produce a meaningfu insight to the relationships in the data.This is especially useful in time-series data since visualizing the structure in time-series data is hard.The performance of the clusterability measure is evalu ated against several synthetic data sets and time-series data sets which illustrate that the density-based clusterability measure can successfully indicate clustering structure of time-series data.

A New Algorithm for Generalized Least Squares Factor Analysis with a Majorization Technique

Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimation in FA. In the algorithm, a majorization step and diagonal steps are alternately iterated until convergence is reached, where Kiers and ten Berge’s (1992) majorization technique is used for the former step, and the latter ones are formulated as minimizing simple quadratic functions of diagonal matrices. This procedure is named a majorizing-diagonal (MD) algorithm. In contrast to the existing gradient approaches, differential calculus is not used and only elmentary matrix computations are required in the MD algorithm. A simuation study shows that the proposed MD algorithm recovers parameters better than the existing algorithms.

Introduction of New Method on Engineering Risk Assessment:Engineering Errors and Effects Analysis(3EA)

Construction and commissioning accidents investigation shows that engineer’s errors in basic and detailed phases are the main causes.It will be gained more efficiency of investment when a relevant method is applied for error identification and risk assessment in basic and detailed phases.Most of risk assessment methods are related to construction phase,meanwhile hidden risks that were happen in previous phases cannot be found by these methods.Although HAZOP study can be applied in detail phase but it can help to find process defections.Importance of identifying risks in basic and detailed phases is to apply preventive actions against birth and grows risks.This risk assessment method can reduce costs and improve environmental protection,safety,and reliability of designs.The main purpose of this study is to identify engineer’s errors and analyse their HSE effects.The method is applied in seven oil and gas engineering projects in Iran,raising the level of engineer’s attention to safety precautions and environmentally-friendly design,reducing the cost of improving the level of safety and environmental protection,improving environmental protection,safety,and design reliability,and improving procedures related to design process and control have been achieved.

Inter-Organizational Conflict (IOC) in Building Refurbishment Projects;an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach

Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.

New approaches to cognitive work analysis through latent variable modeling in mining operations

This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry.Latent variable modeling,which is a statistical model that relates observable and latent variables,could be used to facilitate researchers’understandings of the underlying constructs or hypothetical factors and their magnitude of effect that constitute a complex system.This enhanced understanding,in turn,can help emphasize the important factors to improve mine safety.The most commonly used techniques include the exploratory factor analysis(EFA),the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and the structural equation model with latent variables(SEM).A critical comparison of the three techniques regarding mine safety is provided.Possible applications of latent variable modeling in mining engineering are explored.In this scope,relevant research papers were reviewed.They suggest that the application of such methods could prove useful in mine accident and safety research.Application of latent variables analysis in cognitive work analysis was proposed to improve the understanding of human-work relationships in mining operations.

Spatio-temporal evolution and factor explanatory power analysis of urban resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Urban resilience assesses a city’s ability to withstand unknown risks.Scholars are not comprehensive in assessing urban resilience,and they lack consideration of population resilience.This study investigated 110 prefecturelevel cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)as study areas.We calculated the YREB’s level of urban resilience based on the aspects of“economy-society-population-ecology-infrastructure”,which ensured that the comprehensive evaluation of urban resilience is complete and sufficient.The spatio-temporal evolution of urban resilience was analyzed using exploratory spatial data.Geodetectors were used to investigate the impact of several indicators,focusing on economic,social,population,ecological,and infrastructure factors,on urban resilience.The results showed that the urban resilience of the YREB has maintained a slow upward trend from 2005 to 2018,and the average urban resilience of the YREB has risen from 0.2442 to 0.2560.The resilience gap between cities in the study region increased initially and then decreased.The dominant factor in the spatial differentiation of urban resilience was the economic factors,followed by the population factors.Urban resilience has been clarified and an evaluation index system is constructed,which can provide an effective reference for the evaluation of urban resilience among countries around the world.Based on this,factors that optimize urban resilience are configured,and the regional and national sustainable development can be promoted.

Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis

The main objective of this study is to analyze work travel-related behavior through a set of variables relative to socio-economic class, urban environment and travel characteristics. The Principal Component Analysis was applied in a sample consisting of workers of the S?o Paulo Metropolitan Area, based on the origin-destination home interview survey, carried out in 1997, in order to: 1) examine the interdependence between travel patterns and a set of socioeconomic and urban environment variables;2) determine if the original database can be synthetized on components. The results enabled to observe relations between the individual’s socio-economic class and car usage, characteristics of urban environment and destination choices, as well as age and non-motorized travel mode choice. It is then concluded that the database can be adequately summarized in three components for subsequent analysis: 1) urban environment;2) socio-economic class;and 3) family structure.

Geographical Analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase risk of lung cancer. The repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public health. This geographical study explores if there is an association between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous USA. Lung cancer (ICD-10 codes C34- C34) death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the U.S. CDC WONDER online database. The 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM2.5 pollution. Exploratory spatial data analyses, spatial regression (a spatial lag and a spatial error model), and spatially extended Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and PM2.5. The association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM2.5 pollution on lung cancer. The Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM2.5 and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

Analysis of students＇ problems in writing with reference to theory of cohesion and Error Analysis

This paper is to advocate the necessity of Error Analysis （EA） and cohesion in college English writing teaching. By analyzing the causes of the cohesive errors, the paper wishes to catch the attention of readers to the benefits EA brings to writing teaching and the seriousness of the problems concerning cohesion in writing, and hopes that these implications for college English writing teaching would be of great significance.

Development of Elementary School Teachers＇ Self-Regulated Learning Exploratory Factor Scale

Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.

A preliminary study on exploratory search behavior of undergraduate students in China

Purpose: This study attempts to investigate how a user's search behavior changes in the exploratory search process in order to understand the characteristics of the user's search behavior and build a behavioral model.Design/methodology/approach: Forty-two matriculated full-time senior college students with a female-to-male ratio of 1 to 1 who majored in medical science in Jilin University participated in our experiment. The task of the experiment was to search for information about 'the influence of environmental pollution on daily life' in order to write a report about this topic. The research methods include concept map, query log analysis and questionnaire survey.Findings: The results indicate that exploratory search can significantly change the knowledge structure of searchers. As searchers were moving through different stages of the exploratory search process, they experienced cognitive changes, and their search behaviors were characterized by quick browsing, careful browsing and focused searching.Research limitations: The study used only one search topic, and there is no comparision or control group. Although we took search habits, personal thinking habits, personality characteristics and professional background into account, a more detailed study to analyze the effects of these factors on exploratory search behavior is needed in our further research.Practical implications: This study can serve as a reference for other researchers engaged in the same effort to construct the supporting system of exploratory search.Originality/value: Three methods are used to investigate the behavior characteristics during exploratory search.

探索性分析框架EAF的设计

实现了一个探索性分析框架原型系统EAF,使得问题的分析与相关模型独立开来,因而更具柔性。探索性分析框架是由初始输入,问题探索求解控制,输出数据综合分析等三个模块组成。其中初始输入模块主要完成分析问题背景的初始化设置,探索空间的确定,分析决策目标的确定等等功能。问题探索求解控制模块主要完成基于静态或动态优化控制机制,控制探索过程,以减少探索空间规模的工作。输出数据的综合分析模块完成收集探索计算的结果,综合分析数据,为分析人员提供决策支持,并辅助生成分析报告。

伪狂犬病病毒Ea株gD基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究从含有伪狂犬病病毒 (Pseudorabiesvirus,PRV)Ea株 gD基因BamHI 6 6Kb片段的重组质粒 pUCB7中分别亚克隆gD基因的上、下游片段 ,并对上游片段进一步改造 ,去掉 gD基因上游的非编码序列 ,构建了含完整 gD基因编码区的重组质粒 pBRgDI,并利用基因内部的限制性内切酶位点 ,用内切酶KpnI和SalI酶切分析 ,证实了 gD基因的可靠性和完整性。同时构建了测序质粒 pSKgDSB和 pSKgDS ,并用双脱氧终止法进行测序。将测序结果与国外的Rice毒株进行比较 ,发现Ea株 gD基因核苷酸序列有多处点突变和一处插入突变 ,在编码氨基酸残基水平上也有差异。

伪狂犬病病毒Ea株UL54基因的克隆与序列分析

根据伪狂犬病病毒国外Ka株UL5 4基因核苷酸序列 ,设计一对包含UL5 4基因完整编码区的引物 ,以伪狂犬病病毒国内地方分离株Ea株细胞感染物为模板 ,PCR扩增出大小约 1.1kb特异性带。将纯化的扩增产物克隆到pBluescriptⅡsk +中 ,酶切分析证实后经双脱氧末端终止法进行全序列测定 ,序列分析结果表明Ea株UL5 4基因全长 10 86bp ,可编码 36 1个氨基酸。由二级结构预测数据推断C 末端具有典型的锌指结构域。运用Blast软件与Ka株UL5 4基因进行同源比较 ,发现Ea株UL5 4基因在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上均存在多处点突变 ,但无插入或缺失突变 ;将Ea株UL5 4氨基酸序列同其它 4种α 疱疹病毒 (HSV 1、HSV 2、VZV、EHV 1)进行同源比较 ,同源性分别为 47%、36 %、36 %和 44 %。

植物样品中稳定碳同位素的EA-IRMS系统分析方法

通过多组实验对比，分析并讨论了利用元素分析仪-稳定同位素比率质谱仪（EA-IRMS）联用技术测定植物样品中碳同位素比值的实验条件。初步建立了植物样品中稳定碳同位素组成的分析方法，同时对系统分析的稳定性和精密度等进行了检验分析。结果表明：当IRMS真空度为7×10^-8kPa，高压3．0kV，EA系统Carrier-He载气流量在90～100mL·min^-1，Conflo-He载气压力为80kPa，氧喷条件为110mL·min^-1时，使用Cr2O3／Co3O4作为EA氧化柱氧化剂填料，在严格控制样品残余和本底空白的条件下，植物样品的测定精密度为±0．20‰，测定值与给定值值偏离0．01‰。

基于DEA-ESDA的农业生态效率评价及时空分异研究

采用考虑非期望产出的SBM（Slack-Based Measure）模型,结合探索性空间数据分析方法（ESDA）,对甘肃省各县（区）2000~2014年的农业生态效率及空间分布格局进行实证分析。结果表明：（1）考虑非期望产出和不考虑非期望产出的农业生态效率之间存在着明显差异,而考虑非期望产出的农业生态效率结果更符合实际情况。（2）在研究期内甘肃省农业生态效率呈持续上升态势,但整体效率偏低;空间变化趋势呈现自西向东、自南向北递减态势,但南北差异小于东西差异。（3）从全局空间分异来看,除2001~2003年外,甘肃省各县（区）农业生态效率呈现正相关特征,空间集聚现象显著;从局部空间分异来看,处于空间正相关地区数量在研究期内逐渐下降,区域农业生态效率的集聚现象减弱。农业生态效率高高（HH）集聚主要分布在河西走廊及甘南地区,空间上具有明显的向邻接地区扩散的趋势;低低（LL）集聚主要分布在甘肃省中部地区,空间分布较为稳定。

伪狂犬病病毒Ea株Us9基因的克隆与序列分析

对含伪狂犬病病毒Ea株BamHI7片段的质粒pUC6.6进行亚克隆 ,构建了仅含Us9基因约 0 .6kb片段的重组质粒pSKMN0 .6。双脱氧末端终止法进行双链测序 ,结果表明 :Us9存在 2种可能的同C_末端的编码形式 ,分别编码 10 6或 98个氨基酸残基 ,Us9基因与其下游的Us2 (2 8K)基因之间存在约 2 0 0bp的非转录区。将Ea株Us9基因序列同国外Rice株进行同源比较 ,Ea株Us9基因存在多处点突变 ,但总的同源性达 96%。将推导的氨基酸序列与人单纯疱疹病毒I型 (HSV_1)Us9进行比较 ,发现二者在组成和结构上存在多处保守序列 ,尤其是潜在的酪氨酸磷酸化位点 ,C_端疏水性氨基酸以及由连续 6个带正电荷的精氨酸残基组成的核定位信号序列 。

伪狂犬病病毒Ea株糖蛋白基因gL的克隆和序列分析

根据已发表的基因序列设计了 1对PCR引物 ,以伪狂犬病病毒Ea株 (pseudorabiesvirusEa ,PRVEa)基因组DNA为模板 ,扩增出一大小为 5 11bp的片段。通过酶切和测序证实 ,该基因为伪狂犬病病毒Ea株的又一糖蛋白基因 ,即gL基因。Blast软件分析表明 ,该基因与Kaplan株核苷酸序列的同源性为 94% ,氨基酸序列的同源性为 95 %。将测序结果输入GenBank ,获得登录号AF44 845 6。

蒙特卡罗模拟方法对 EAS 阵列性能分析与优化设计的研究

建立了快速计算机阵列性能分析程序，由此对阵列性能进行快速分析，对种种阵列设计方案进行比较与优化搜寻，本文介绍其基本原理、方法、程序设计及部分计算结果。