This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional ...This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices;2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit;3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data;4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.展开更多
Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, th...Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.展开更多
Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building ...Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.展开更多
Vietnam has become a major market for construction enterprises from East Asian countries, especially from China, to participate in international project contracting, but serious schedule delays have important adverse ...Vietnam has become a major market for construction enterprises from East Asian countries, especially from China, to participate in international project contracting, but serious schedule delays have important adverse effects on local government and foreign investment companies. Based on international engineering contracting mode of Vietnam highway BOT construction projects, we discussed the drive financial factors of schedule delays, using the methods of exploratory factor analysis and questionnaire survey, and evaluated the effects of various factors which are through regression analysis. The empirical results show that the five categories of financial factors, including the policy change, slow payment, financial mismanagement, financial market changes and lack of fiscal, have significant effects on schedule delay. Furtherly, we suggested that strengthening policy research and improving financial management ability should be used to reduce the influence of relevant financial factors on schedule delay, to improve the profitability of international businesses and the motivation of foreign enterprises to participate in Vietnam highway project.展开更多
A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization.A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn,Cu and Pb,related to mineralizatio...A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization.A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn,Cu and Pb,related to mineralization,was selected for interpretation.The median+2 MAD(median absolute deviation)method of exploratory data analysis(EDA)and C-A(concentration-area)fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance,as defined by Zn,Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi-element anomalies.As a result,the median+2 MAD method more successfully identified the Pb-Zn mineralization than the C-A fractal model.The soil anomaly identified by the median+2 MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements(Zn,Cu and Pb)rather than thirteen elements(Co,Zn,Cu,V,Mo,Ni,Cr,Mn,Pb,Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti)was the more favorable reflection of the ore body.The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb-Zn ore bodies for validation.The results showed that the median+2 MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization,which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage.展开更多
Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimat...Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimation in FA. In the algorithm, a majorization step and diagonal steps are alternately iterated until convergence is reached, where Kiers and ten Berge’s (1992) majorization technique is used for the former step, and the latter ones are formulated as minimizing simple quadratic functions of diagonal matrices. This procedure is named a majorizing-diagonal (MD) algorithm. In contrast to the existing gradient approaches, differential calculus is not used and only elmentary matrix computations are required in the MD algorithm. A simuation study shows that the proposed MD algorithm recovers parameters better than the existing algorithms.展开更多
目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性...目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性180例,女性100例;年龄25~85岁,平均58.6岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤、钝器击打伤、高处坠落伤、挤压伤等。患者均行剖腹探查术。按术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝与否分为发生腹壁疝组(39例)和未发生腹壁疝组(241例)。以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,并据此建立风险预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估回归模型的预测价值。结果本研究周期内全组迟发性腹壁切口疝发生率13.93%。发生腹壁疝组的≥60岁比例、合并腹内压增高因素构成比和主刀为非疝专科医师比例方面均高于未发生腹壁疝组(P均<0.05),而高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)人数构成比和合并术后早期切口感染方面,发生腹壁疝组也高于未发生腹壁疝组,虽然未达到统计学意义(P>0.05),但达到了单因素分析的筛选界值(P<0.1)。而在性别构成、修正创伤评分、年龄校正的查尔森慢病指数、切口类型构成比、手术时间、住院时间、糖化血红蛋白和低蛋白血症占比方面,发生腹壁疝组与未发生腹壁疝组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素和合并术后早期切口感染均是患者术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为4.368(1.896~10.059),2.491(1.096~5.662),2.758(1.283~5.926)和6.819(2.000~23.242),P均<0.05],而主刀为疝专科医师则是患者术后2年内发生腹壁疝的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)为0.067(0.017~0.264),P<0.05]。据此构建的风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=-3.258+1.474×年龄+0.913×BMI+1.014×腹内压增高因素+1.920×术后早期切口感染-2.701×主刀为疝专科医师。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型与观测值拟合度较好(χ^(2)=4.086,P=0.849)。ROC曲线分析显示该回归模型曲线下面积为0.823[95%CI(0.773~0.866)],对应的灵敏度为84.62%,特异度为65.15%。结论年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素、合并术后切口感染为腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,而主刀为疝专科医师为腹壁切口疝发生的独立保护因素。由此构建的模型具有较好的区分度和校准度,应用于迟发性腹壁疝的预测具有较好的效能。展开更多
文摘This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices;2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit;3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data;4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.
文摘Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.
基金the Exploratory Research Grant Scheme(ERGS)of Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Malaysia(No.ERGS/1/2013/SSl11/UITM/01/01)High-Level Talents Introduction Funding of Haixi Research Institute,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.19Q3671boa).
文摘Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.
文摘Vietnam has become a major market for construction enterprises from East Asian countries, especially from China, to participate in international project contracting, but serious schedule delays have important adverse effects on local government and foreign investment companies. Based on international engineering contracting mode of Vietnam highway BOT construction projects, we discussed the drive financial factors of schedule delays, using the methods of exploratory factor analysis and questionnaire survey, and evaluated the effects of various factors which are through regression analysis. The empirical results show that the five categories of financial factors, including the policy change, slow payment, financial mismanagement, financial market changes and lack of fiscal, have significant effects on schedule delay. Furtherly, we suggested that strengthening policy research and improving financial management ability should be used to reduce the influence of relevant financial factors on schedule delay, to improve the profitability of international businesses and the motivation of foreign enterprises to participate in Vietnam highway project.
文摘A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization.A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn,Cu and Pb,related to mineralization,was selected for interpretation.The median+2 MAD(median absolute deviation)method of exploratory data analysis(EDA)and C-A(concentration-area)fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance,as defined by Zn,Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi-element anomalies.As a result,the median+2 MAD method more successfully identified the Pb-Zn mineralization than the C-A fractal model.The soil anomaly identified by the median+2 MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements(Zn,Cu and Pb)rather than thirteen elements(Co,Zn,Cu,V,Mo,Ni,Cr,Mn,Pb,Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti)was the more favorable reflection of the ore body.The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb-Zn ore bodies for validation.The results showed that the median+2 MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization,which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage.
文摘Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimation in FA. In the algorithm, a majorization step and diagonal steps are alternately iterated until convergence is reached, where Kiers and ten Berge’s (1992) majorization technique is used for the former step, and the latter ones are formulated as minimizing simple quadratic functions of diagonal matrices. This procedure is named a majorizing-diagonal (MD) algorithm. In contrast to the existing gradient approaches, differential calculus is not used and only elmentary matrix computations are required in the MD algorithm. A simuation study shows that the proposed MD algorithm recovers parameters better than the existing algorithms.
文摘目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性180例,女性100例;年龄25~85岁,平均58.6岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤、钝器击打伤、高处坠落伤、挤压伤等。患者均行剖腹探查术。按术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝与否分为发生腹壁疝组(39例)和未发生腹壁疝组(241例)。以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,并据此建立风险预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估回归模型的预测价值。结果本研究周期内全组迟发性腹壁切口疝发生率13.93%。发生腹壁疝组的≥60岁比例、合并腹内压增高因素构成比和主刀为非疝专科医师比例方面均高于未发生腹壁疝组(P均<0.05),而高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)人数构成比和合并术后早期切口感染方面,发生腹壁疝组也高于未发生腹壁疝组,虽然未达到统计学意义(P>0.05),但达到了单因素分析的筛选界值(P<0.1)。而在性别构成、修正创伤评分、年龄校正的查尔森慢病指数、切口类型构成比、手术时间、住院时间、糖化血红蛋白和低蛋白血症占比方面,发生腹壁疝组与未发生腹壁疝组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素和合并术后早期切口感染均是患者术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为4.368(1.896~10.059),2.491(1.096~5.662),2.758(1.283~5.926)和6.819(2.000~23.242),P均<0.05],而主刀为疝专科医师则是患者术后2年内发生腹壁疝的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)为0.067(0.017~0.264),P<0.05]。据此构建的风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=-3.258+1.474×年龄+0.913×BMI+1.014×腹内压增高因素+1.920×术后早期切口感染-2.701×主刀为疝专科医师。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型与观测值拟合度较好(χ^(2)=4.086,P=0.849)。ROC曲线分析显示该回归模型曲线下面积为0.823[95%CI(0.773~0.866)],对应的灵敏度为84.62%,特异度为65.15%。结论年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素、合并术后切口感染为腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,而主刀为疝专科医师为腹壁切口疝发生的独立保护因素。由此构建的模型具有较好的区分度和校准度,应用于迟发性腹壁疝的预测具有较好的效能。
