Inter-Organizational Conflict (IOC) in Building Refurbishment Projects;an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach

Over the past years,there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development.Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational conflict(IOC)among organizations involved in projects.This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects.For this study,a fivepoint Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable.The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction firms and 733 architectural firms.The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia.Finally,one-hundred-seventy-nine(179)refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper.The finding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be conflict during the construction stage,conflict between the client and the consultant,task expectations,basic responsibilities,final duration,project’s goals,conflict between the client and the contractor,final cost,final quality,standards of behaviors,conflict between the contractor and the consultant,interference and conflict during the design stage.

Exploratory Data Analysis Applied in Mapping Multi-element Soil Geochemical Anomalies for Drill Target Definition:A Case Study from the Unpha Layered Non-magmatic Hydrothermal Pb-Zn Deposit,DPR Korea

A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization.A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn,Cu and Pb,related to mineralization,was selected for interpretation.The median+2 MAD(median absolute deviation)method of exploratory data analysis(EDA)and C-A(concentration-area)fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance,as defined by Zn,Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi-element anomalies.As a result,the median+2 MAD method more successfully identified the Pb-Zn mineralization than the C-A fractal model.The soil anomaly identified by the median+2 MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements(Zn,Cu and Pb)rather than thirteen elements(Co,Zn,Cu,V,Mo,Ni,Cr,Mn,Pb,Ba,Sr,Zr and Ti)was the more favorable reflection of the ore body.The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb-Zn ore bodies for validation.The results showed that the median+2 MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization,which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage.

A New Algorithm for Generalized Least Squares Factor Analysis with a Majorization Technique

Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimation in FA. In the algorithm, a majorization step and diagonal steps are alternately iterated until convergence is reached, where Kiers and ten Berge’s (1992) majorization technique is used for the former step, and the latter ones are formulated as minimizing simple quadratic functions of diagonal matrices. This procedure is named a majorizing-diagonal (MD) algorithm. In contrast to the existing gradient approaches, differential calculus is not used and only elmentary matrix computations are required in the MD algorithm. A simuation study shows that the proposed MD algorithm recovers parameters better than the existing algorithms.

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Testing Validity and Reliability of the Malay Language Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID)

This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices;2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit;3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data;4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.

New approaches to cognitive work analysis through latent variable modeling in mining operations

This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry.Latent variable modeling,which is a statistical model that relates observable and latent variables,could be used to facilitate researchers’understandings of the underlying constructs or hypothetical factors and their magnitude of effect that constitute a complex system.This enhanced understanding,in turn,can help emphasize the important factors to improve mine safety.The most commonly used techniques include the exploratory factor analysis(EFA),the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and the structural equation model with latent variables(SEM).A critical comparison of the three techniques regarding mine safety is provided.Possible applications of latent variable modeling in mining engineering are explored.In this scope,relevant research papers were reviewed.They suggest that the application of such methods could prove useful in mine accident and safety research.Application of latent variables analysis in cognitive work analysis was proposed to improve the understanding of human-work relationships in mining operations.

Development of Elementary School Teachers＇ Self-Regulated Learning Exploratory Factor Scale

Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.

基于EFA的公共艺术设计体验价值研究

对国内外关于公共艺术设计与体验价值的学术研究进行分析和总结,挖掘公共艺术设计体验价值的不同准则与设计要素;通过文献研究、专家模糊德尔菲法对公共艺术设计体验价值从5个准则进行指标初步筛选与分类;然后运用探索性因子分析以及相关性分析对相关题项进行准则提炼,最后采用层级分析法对各级准则分类下的指标进行权重排序。设计符合公共艺术设计体验价值评价指标体系,并提出公共艺术设计体验价值的评估指标与设计策略。

铁路建设项目柔性管理及影响因素研究

研究目的:当前我国多条艰险山区铁路和高原铁路开工建设,动态多变的外部环境、多约束条件下的建设组织以及新技术带来的不确定性挑战日益严峻。为应对诸多项目复杂性因素带来的挑战,探索铁路建设项目柔性管理新范式十分必要。通过识别影响项目柔性的各种管理因素,构建具有较强韧性的铁路建设管理体系,为铁路建设项目承包商提供新的管理理念和方法。研究结论:(1)面对普遍存在的项目复杂性挑战,铁路建设项目可以推行柔性管理,调整传统“规划-控制”型管理风格,适度增强项目柔性,提高项目响应环境变化和不确定性的能力;(2)通过文献分析、专家咨询及统计分析,确定了柔性合同、BIM技术应用等8个影响因素,构建了包括团队柔性和过程柔性的铁路建设项目柔性二维因子模型,其中信息共享、团队学习和管理创新是影响铁路建设项目柔性的关键因素;(3)本研究成果可以在铁路建设管理领域推广应用,能够为铁路建设承包商推行柔性管理提供理论参考。

危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别模型研究

为合理评估危险货物运输驾驶人驾驶过程中的风险倾向,建立危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向聚类及辨识体系,以动态监控系统中记录的驾驶人实时违规预警数据为基础,选取可能引发交通冲突的安全关键事件为特征参数,利用探索性因子分析方法实现指标降维,提取驾驶人风险倾向主因子,并通过K means算法聚类不同风险倾向的驾驶人,最后基于聚类结果监督训练随机森林模型,辨识未知驾驶人的风险倾向。结果表明,利用选取的8类安全关键事件特征参数,可以将驾驶人风险倾向划分为攻击驾驶倾向、鲁莽驾驶倾向、驾驶分神倾向和驾驶疲劳倾向,且可以识别风险较低的驾驶人,基于随机森林模型的驾驶人风险倾向识别准确率为88.68%,可以较好地实现危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向辨识。研究结果为危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别提供了方法依据。

土地流转、集体行动对塔里木河流域农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为的影响——基于政府补贴的调节效应

节水灌溉技术采纳是提高农业用水效率、促进农业可持续发展的关键。基于塔里木河流域1216户农户调查,运用探索性因子分析法、二元Logit模型和bootstrap中介检验方法探索土地流转、集体行动对塔里木河流域节水灌溉技术采纳行为的影响以及政府补贴的调节效应。结果表明:①土地流转面积不会对节水灌溉技术采纳行为产生影响,土地流转期限、土地流转价格会对节水灌溉技术采纳行为产生正向影响。②集体行动对节水灌溉技术采纳行为具有正向影响,并在土地流转影响节水灌溉技术采纳行为路径中起到正向的中介作用。③政府补贴在集体行动影响节水灌溉技术采纳行为路径中具有正向的调节效应。因此,为了促进农户节水灌溉技术采纳,应当进一步加快农地流转,建立农业节水灌溉技术推广宣传平台,完善集体行动架构,加大资金支持,营造良好的农业节水氛围。

我国省域体育场地设施时空演变特征及影响因素分析

为准确把握我国体育场地设施发展脉络与影响机制,文章以我国31个省份(直辖市、自治区)在五普、六普、七普三个不同阶段中的体育场地数量和人均体育场地面积相关数据为研究对象,并运用探索性空间数据分析法、Spearman相关分析和主成分分析,探究我国体育场地设施时空演变特征及影响因素。研究表明:从总体上看,我国体育场地数量空间分布主要以胡焕庸线为界,呈现“单核心-双核心-多核心”的演变趋势,形成了“东多西少”“内紧外松”的空间格局;从全局空间分布上看,我国体育场地设施空间自相关现象一直存在,但在不同阶段体育场地设施数量和面积空间分布的规律并不完全相似;从局域空间分布上看,体育场地数量热点区域集聚范围“逐年递增”,主要以江西、湖南等江浙沪地区及临近省域为热点区,以青海、四川、甘肃等地区为冷点区域。其空间分布特征始终是“东多西少”,演变趋势变化较小。但人均体育场地面积空间布局极不稳定,经历了“北部高于南部”到“东部优于西部”的过程;主成分分析结果表明,我国体育场地设施空间布局是诸多因素共同作用而产生的结果,其影响因素的解释力由大到小排序依次为政策环境、经济状况、人口发展水平、教育经费投入、生活水平。

探索性结构方程建模(ESEM):EFA和CFA的整合

探索性结构方程建模(ESEM)是在测量模型部分使用了类似于EFA模型的SEM。作为一种高级统计方法,ESEM整合了EFA和CFA两种因子分析方法的功能和优点。通过ESEM,研究者既可以灵活地探索因子结构,又可以系统地验证因子模型,为潜变量的关系分析提供更适宜的测量模型。ESEM已经在某些社科领域的研究中得到应用,是一种值得推介的因子分析方法。ESEM的具体应用问题,例如因子旋转方法的选用、测验信度评价等,仍有待探讨。

基于EFA及CFA方法的西安市公共自行车选择行为分析

为了考察影响西安市公共自行车选择行为的因素,利用问卷调查数据,结合探索性因子分析以及验证性因子分析方法,探索影响西安市公共自行车选择行为因素之间的结构关系,并验证因子模型的结构合理性。研究结果表明:基于探索性因子分析法,将初步选定的影响选择行为的38个题项缩减至32个,采用主成分分析萃取公因子,并将筛选后的32个题项降维至7个综合指标(公因子),按照重要度排序为:天气及气候>空间布局>运营服务>出行目的>居民属性>骑行路况>出行原因;基于验证性因子分析法,证明了因子模型的结构合理性,并进一步确定各因子的主要影响因素:"下雨"、"租赁点距离公交站点或地铁口距离"、"公共自行车调度系统"、"上班或上学"、"年龄"、"道路平整度"、"避免拥堵";最后,针对影响西安市公共自行车选择行为的因素提出了相关建议。

残疾人参与体育运动的影响因素实证研究

残疾人参与体育运动是全民健身计划开展中的薄弱环节,为进一步探索影响残疾人参与体育运动的因素,使用问卷调查法、数理统计法收集和分析数据,发现影响残疾人参与体育运动的因素主要包括个人、社会2个维度以及15个因素,对15个因素进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。分析结果显示:影响因素维度构建具有良好的信效度,说明本研究建立的影响因素维度是可靠有效的,且场地器材和体育兴趣的相关系数达到大于0.9的显著水平,受教育程度(0.73)的相关系数为最低,但也达到了大于0.5的观测标准。因此,研究着重考察影响残疾人参与体育运动的15个因素,以期为促进残疾人参与体育运动提供有益参考。

中国开放型经济时空格局演化与影响因素

开放型经济时空格局的研究有利于制定不同类型省份开放型经济发展路径,促进区域间的协调发展.从贸易开放、投资开放和战略耦合3个维度构建开放型经济评价体系,分别采用熵权TOPSIS法、探索性时空数据分析、动态空间面板模型对2001—2021年中国省域开放型经济发展水平、时空格局演化以及影响因素进行分析.结果表明:中国开放型经济发展整体水平提升,但不同地区省份的变化迥异.“东高中西低”的梯度格局被打破,东西协同的“T字型”架构初步建立并稳步提升.开放型经济空间异质性逐渐弱化,空间自相关性更加显著.LISA时间路径相对长度在空间上呈现由沿海沿边向内陆地区递减趋势,LISA时间路径弯曲度呈现从沿边地区到其邻接省份再到沿海和内陆地区依次递减趋势.制度环境、自然资源禀赋、国家优惠政策、基础设施水平、邻接省份效应等因素驱动了开放型经济发展.

残疾人体育参与的影响因素实证研究

残疾人体育参与是全民健身计划开展中的薄弱环节,为进一步探索影响残疾人体育参与的因素,本研究使用问卷调查法、数理统计法收集和分析数据,从影响残疾人体育参与的个人、社会2个维度,以及15个因素进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析.结果显示:影响因素维度构建具有良好的信效度,说明本研究建立的影响因素维度是可靠有效的,且场地器材和体育兴趣的相关系数达到大于0.9的显著水平,受教育程度(0.73)的相关系数为最低,但也达到了大于0.5的观测标准.

我国区域中心城市综合承载力:测度、聚类、演进

实现经济高质量发展需要提高中心城市和城市群综合承载和资源优化配置能力.基于此,文章构建中心城市综合承载力指数评价模型,对我国中心城市综合承载力进行测度,并对其进行系统聚类与演进分析.研究结果表明:总体上我国中心城市综合承载能力不足,虽然我国中心城市综合承载力相较于以往有所提升,但是仍然有较大的发展及优化空间.当前我国中心城市综合承载力主要分为5大类,呈现出“两超”“六强”“多发展”“普遍承载不足”的态势.除了上海、北京两个超大城市外,当前我国各区域中心城市总体承载力仍有较大提升空间.同时,区域间城市发展不平衡现像依然存在.

基于计划行为理论和技术接受模型融合模型的全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿调查研究

背景分级诊疗是医改的主要目标之一,2015年国务院办公厅发布的《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》(国办发[2015]70号)提出,2017年基层医疗卫生机构诊疗量占比要超过65.0%,但当年占比为54.2%,且近年来呈总体下降趋势。既往文献多针对需方(患者)开展研究,而作为分级诊疗的供方之一,全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿的调查研究较少。目的本文拟以苏州市为例,对全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿进行调查,对其影响因素进行分析,给出提高全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿的建议,为制定分级诊疗相关政策提供参考。方法于2022年6月,采取多阶段方便抽样方法,选取苏州市4县、6区175个基层医疗卫生机构的1451名全科医生,采用自行编制的调查问卷展开调查。问卷内容包括全科医生的基本情况(人口学特征)调查、全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿调查(此部分问卷基于全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响因素拓展模型进行编制,此拓展模型为计划行为理论和技术接收模型的融合模型结合文献检索和访谈收集内容构建而成),根据问卷调查结果,使用结构方程模型检验全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响因素拓展模型拟合度,判定模型拟合效果;使用探索性因子分析计算全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿的各影响因素的权重(影响力),构建全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响因素影响关系模型。结果参与本次问卷调查的全科医生有1451名,回收有效问卷1302份,有效率89.73%。全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响因素拓展模型拟合良好。全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响因素影响关系中,参与态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制共同影响全科医生参与分级诊疗的意愿,三者权重分别为:46.22%、9.75%、44.02%;感知收益、感知好用共同解释参与态度,两者权重分别为15.14%、31.08%;可支配资源和预期阻力共同解释知觉行为控制,两者权重分别为27.07%、16.95%。结论全科医生对上级医院医疗服务能力认可程度、转诊手续繁简程度、上级医院医疗资源向全科医生放开程度,对全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿影响较大,建议从行政、组织、个人三个层面,采取加强医联体内人员交流互动、利用信息化手段简化转诊流程与手续、鼓励上级医院向全科医生定向定量放开门诊号源、病房床位等医疗资源的优先预约权限等多种措施,提高全科医生参与分级诊疗意愿。

Modifying the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(6–18 years)to a Chinese Context:An Exploratory Factor Analysis

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the autism spectrum rating scale（ASRS）. We recruited 1,625community-based children and 211 autism spectrum disorder（ASD） cases from 4 sites, and the parents of all participants completed the Chinese version of the ASRS. A robust weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimator was used for exploratory factor analysis. The3-factor structure included 59 items suitable for the current sample. The item reliability for the modi？ed Chinese version of the ASRS（MC-ASRS） was excellent. Moreover,with 60 as the cut-off point, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the MC-ASRS had excellent discriminate validity, comparable to that of the unmodi？ed Chinese version（UC-ASRS）, with area under the curve values of 0.952（95% CI： 0.936–0.967） and 0.948（95% CI：0.930–0.965）, respectively. Meanwhile, the con？rm factor analysis revealed that MC-ASRS had a better construct validity than UC-ASRS based on the above factor solution in another children sample. In conclusion, the MC-ASRS shows better ef？cacy in epidemiological screening for ASD in Chinese children.

Impacts of the Financial Factors on Schedule Delays Risk of the International Contracting Projects: Evidence from Highway BOT Pro-jects in Vietnam

Vietnam has become a major market for construction enterprises from East Asian countries, especially from China, to participate in international project contracting, but serious schedule delays have important adverse effects on local government and foreign investment companies. Based on international engineering contracting mode of Vietnam highway BOT construction projects, we discussed the drive financial factors of schedule delays, using the methods of exploratory factor analysis and questionnaire survey, and evaluated the effects of various factors which are through regression analysis. The empirical results show that the five categories of financial factors, including the policy change, slow payment, financial mismanagement, financial market changes and lack of fiscal, have significant effects on schedule delay. Furtherly, we suggested that strengthening policy research and improving financial management ability should be used to reduce the influence of relevant financial factors on schedule delay, to improve the profitability of international businesses and the motivation of foreign enterprises to participate in Vietnam highway project.