Powder compaction is one of the most crucial processes in initiating explosive device manufacturing. The quality of powder compaction may influence the performances of product directly. Traditional powder compaction m...Powder compaction is one of the most crucial processes in initiating explosive device manufacturing. The quality of powder compaction may influence the performances of product directly. Traditional powder compaction mainly makes use of manual gravitational spiral loading machine or lever loading machine. Potential accident by the strike in powder compaction of initiating explosive device could risk life, property and the environment. To prevent this risk, automatic control system and control strategy can be used to guarantee no strike in pressing process. The scope of this paper is to analyze and review the control strategy for powder compact and discuss the experimental results for the application of the proposed strategy.展开更多
The amount of information required for reliability assessment of success/failure products is defined and the formula of equivalent information method is deduced. Based on the formula, a method for assessing reliabilit...The amount of information required for reliability assessment of success/failure products is defined and the formula of equivalent information method is deduced. Based on the formula, a method for assessing reliability of initiating explosive devices with small sample size is established. Compared with the assessment method for devices with large sample size, the new method is correct and feasible and can be used to assess the reliability of initiating explosive devices with high reliability requirements.展开更多
Person-borne improvised explosive devices(PBIEDs)are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries.This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people expos...Person-borne improvised explosive devices(PBIEDs)are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries.This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this hazard.An explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour,including positions,velocity,and trajectory angles.These data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic analysis.In the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was computed.Based on the results presented,many practical conclusions can be drawn,for instance,regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.展开更多
The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection levels for the occupants of logistic and light armored vehicle.The Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,Volume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbe...The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection levels for the occupants of logistic and light armored vehicle.The Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,Volume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbelly improvised explosive device(IEDs),which must be buried in water-saturated sandy gravel.The use of sandy gravel has some drawbacks,for instance reproducibility,time consumption,and cost.This paper focuses on the investigation of four alternatives to sandy gravel,which could produce similar specific and cumulative impulses:a concrete pot filled with water,a concrete pot filled with quartz sand,a steel pot without filling and a concrete pot filled with glass spheres(diameter 200μm—300μm)and different water contents.The impulses are measured with a ring technology developed at the Fraunhofer EMI.A numerical soil model based on the work of Marrs,2014 and Fi serov a,2006 and considering the soil moisture was used to simulate the experiments with glass spheres at different water contents,showing much better agreement with the experiments than the classical Laine&Sandvik model,even for high saturation levels.These results can be used to create new test conditions at original scale that are more cost-effective,more reproducible and simpler to manage in comparison to the current tests carried out with STANAG sandy gravel.展开更多
文摘Powder compaction is one of the most crucial processes in initiating explosive device manufacturing. The quality of powder compaction may influence the performances of product directly. Traditional powder compaction mainly makes use of manual gravitational spiral loading machine or lever loading machine. Potential accident by the strike in powder compaction of initiating explosive device could risk life, property and the environment. To prevent this risk, automatic control system and control strategy can be used to guarantee no strike in pressing process. The scope of this paper is to analyze and review the control strategy for powder compact and discuss the experimental results for the application of the proposed strategy.
基金Supported by the Ministerial Level Foundation(9140C3705041003)
文摘The amount of information required for reliability assessment of success/failure products is defined and the formula of equivalent information method is deduced. Based on the formula, a method for assessing reliability of initiating explosive devices with small sample size is established. Compared with the assessment method for devices with large sample size, the new method is correct and feasible and can be used to assess the reliability of initiating explosive devices with high reliability requirements.
基金This work was supported by the Poland National Center for Research and Development,under the grant DOB-BIO10/01/02/2019 within the Defence and Security Programme.
文摘Person-borne improvised explosive devices(PBIEDs)are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries.This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this hazard.An explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour,including positions,velocity,and trajectory angles.These data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic analysis.In the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was computed.Based on the results presented,many practical conclusions can be drawn,for instance,regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.
基金Bundeswehr Technical Center for Weapons and Ammunition WTD-91 GF-440 in Meppen,Germany for funding this work。
文摘The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection levels for the occupants of logistic and light armored vehicle.The Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,Volume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbelly improvised explosive device(IEDs),which must be buried in water-saturated sandy gravel.The use of sandy gravel has some drawbacks,for instance reproducibility,time consumption,and cost.This paper focuses on the investigation of four alternatives to sandy gravel,which could produce similar specific and cumulative impulses:a concrete pot filled with water,a concrete pot filled with quartz sand,a steel pot without filling and a concrete pot filled with glass spheres(diameter 200μm—300μm)and different water contents.The impulses are measured with a ring technology developed at the Fraunhofer EMI.A numerical soil model based on the work of Marrs,2014 and Fi serov a,2006 and considering the soil moisture was used to simulate the experiments with glass spheres at different water contents,showing much better agreement with the experiments than the classical Laine&Sandvik model,even for high saturation levels.These results can be used to create new test conditions at original scale that are more cost-effective,more reproducible and simpler to manage in comparison to the current tests carried out with STANAG sandy gravel.
