基于改进YOLOv8-CEFG的垃圾检测算法研究

随着我国经济的高速发展和人口的急剧增加,生活垃圾污染问题日益突出。然而,传统的人工垃圾检测方法效率低且主观性强。为提高复杂场景下垃圾检测的准确率,文章提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8的垃圾检测模型。为提升检测精度和识别效果,引入了EMA(Exponential Moving Average)注意力机制。实验结果显示,YOLOv8-CEFG在垃圾检测数据集上表现优异,最终其mAP达到了88.8%,比原始YOLOv8模型提高了3.1%。YOLOv8-CEFG算法能较好地满足实时检测任务的需求,并展示了良好的检测效果。

A LOW-REGULARITY FOURIER INTEGRATOR FOR THE DAVEY-STEWARTSON II SYSTEM WITH ALMOST MASS CONSERVATION

In this work,we propose a low-regularity Fourier integrator with almost mass conservation to solve the Davey-StewartsonⅡsystem(hyperbolic-elliptic case).Arbitrary order mass convergence could be achieved by the suitable addition of correction terms,while keeping the first order accuracy in H~γ×H^(γ+1)for initial data in H^(γ+1)×H^(γ+1)withγ>1.The main theorem is that,up to some fixed time T,there exist constantsτ_(0)and C depending only on T and‖u‖_(L^(∞)((0,T);H^(γ+1)))such that,for any 0<τ≤τ_(0),we have that‖u(t_(n),·)-u^(n)‖H_γ≤C_(τ),‖v(t_(n),·)-v^(n)‖_(Hγ+1)≤C_(τ),where u^(n)and v^(n)denote the numerical solutions at t_(n)=nτ.Moreover,the mass of the numerical solution M(u^(n))satisfies that|M(u^(n))-M(u_0)|≤Cτ~5.

Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of performances.Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)dispersion.The outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy simulations.Special attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the cleanroom.Forming a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

Equivalence between the internal observability and equation

This paper is concerned with a third order in time linear Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation which describes the acoustic velocity potential in ultrasound wave program.Influenced by the work of Kaltenbacher,Lasiecka and Marchand(Control Cybernet.2011,40:971-988),we establish an observability inequality of the conservative problem,and then discuss the equivalence between the exponential stabilization of a dissipative system and the internal observational inequality of the corresponding conservative system.

Exponentially Convergent Multiscale Finite Element Method

We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.

Enhanced Differentiable Architecture Search Based on Asymptotic Regularization

In differentiable search architecture search methods,a more efficient search space design can significantly improve the performance of the searched architecture,thus requiring people to carefully define the search space with different complexity according to various operations.Meanwhile rationalizing the search strategies to explore the well-defined search space will further improve the speed and efficiency of architecture search.With this in mind,we propose a faster and more efficient differentiable architecture search method,AllegroNAS.Firstly,we introduce a more efficient search space enriched by the introduction of two redefined convolution modules.Secondly,we utilize a more efficient architectural parameter regularization method,mitigating the overfitting problem during the search process and reducing the error brought about by gradient approximation.Meanwhile,we introduce a natural exponential cosine annealing method to make the learning rate of the neural network training process more suitable for the search procedure.Moreover,group convolution and data augmentation are employed to reduce the computational cost.Finally,through extensive experiments on several public datasets,we demonstrate that our method can more swiftly search for better-performing neural network architectures in a more efficient search space,thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.

Charting the course:India's health expenditure projections for 2035

Objectives Understanding past trends and forecasting future changes in health spending is vital for planning and reducing reliance on out-of-pocket(OOP)expenses.The current study analyzed health expenditure patterns in India and forecasted future trends and patterns until 2035.Methods Data on health expenditure in India from 2000 to 2019 was collected from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)iLibrary and National Health Accounts 2019 databases.Gross domestic product(GDP)data from the World Bank was also utilized.Descriptive statistics analyzed the composition and pattern,while the exponential smoothing model forecasted future health expenditures.Results The findings revealed that expenditure made by OOP is the primary health financing source,followed by government and pre-paid private spending.The percentage of GDP allocated to total health expenditure remains stable,while the per capita health expenditure fluctuates.Variations in expenditure among states are observed,with Karnataka relying heavily on pre-paid private coverage.Future projections suggest a decline in per capita and total health expenditure as a share of GDP,with a slight increase in the government’s share.Pre-paid private expenditure per capita and OOP health expenditure as a share of the total is projected to remain relatively constant but still high in absolute terms.Conclusion The study highlights variations in health spending in India,characterized by high OOP spending,limited public coverage,and a need for investments,and reforms to improve healthcare access and equity.

Influencing Factors and Prediction of Risk of Returning to Ecological Poverty in Liupan Mountain Region,China

China has resolved its overall regional poverty in 2020 by attaining moderate societal prosperity.The country has entered a new development stage designed to achieve its second centenary goal.However,ecological fragility and risk susceptibility have increased the risk of returning to ecological poverty.In this paper,the Liupan Mountain Region of China was used as a case study,and the counties were used as the scale to reveal the spatiotempora differentiation and influcing factors of the risk of returning to poverty in study area.The indicator data for returning to ecological poverty from 2011-2020 were collected and summarized in three dimensions:ecological,economic and social.The autoregressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA)time series and exponential smoothing method(ES)were used to predict the multidimensional indicators of returning to ecological poverty for 61 counties(districts)in the Liupan Mountain Region for 2021-2030.The back propagation neural network(BPNN)and geographic information system(GIS)were used to generate the spatial distribution and time variation for the index of the risk of returning to ecological poverty(RREP index).The results show that 1)ecological factors were the main factors in the risk of returning to ecological poverty in Liupan Mountain Region.2)The RREP index for the 61 counties(districts)exhibited a downward trend from 2021-2030.The RREP index declined more in medium-and high-risk areas than in low-risk areas.From 2021 to 2025,the RREP index exhibited a slight downward trend.From 2026 to2030,the RREP index was expected to decline faster,especially from 2029-2030.3)Based on the RREP index,it can be roughly divided into three types,namely,the high-risk areas,the medium-risk areas,and the low-risk areas.The natural resource conditions in lowrisk areas of returning to ecological poverty,were better than those in medium-and high-risk areas.

Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation,energy omission

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat transmission.In the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects,this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking sheet.This work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions,variable molecular diffusivity,quadratic convection,viscous dissipation,velocity slip and heat omission assessment.Employing appropriate similarity components,the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM technique.The impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement,heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a graph.Considering various model factors,the significance of drag friction,heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical form.This leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of interest.Furthermore,viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values ofλ_(p),δ_(m)andδ_(q),and as a result,F(ξ)accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M andφ.The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M,λ_(p)andφ,but the rate of heat transfer declined.According to our findings,hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F(ξ),Θ(ξ)andφ(ξ)profiles.The HAM and the numerical technique(shooting method)were found to be in good agreement.

Reviewing Stability Criteria for Positive Homogeneous Systems and Adding One for Discrete-Time Cases with Degree Less Than One

The article synthesizes and presents the results regarding the stability of positive homogeneous systems that have been researched and published in recent years. Next, we provide a sufficient condition for global exponential stability in the case of discrete-time positive homogeneous systems with an order less than one with time-varying delays.

The Maximum and Minimum Value of Exponential RandićIndices of Quasi-Tree Graph

The exponential Randić index has important applications in the fields of biology and chemistry. The exponential Randić index of a graph G is defined as the sum of the weights e 1 d( u )d( v ) of all edges uv of G, where d( u ) denotes the degree of a vertex u in G. The paper mainly provides the upper and lower bounds of the exponential Randić index in quasi-tree graphs, and characterizes the extremal graphs when the bounds are achieved.

Numerical simulation of LWD resistivity response of carbonate formation using self-adaptive hp-FEM

Most of the carbonate formation are highly heterogeneous with cavities of different sizes, which makes the prediction of cavity-filled reservoir in carbonate rocks difficult. Large cavities in carbonate formations pose serious threat to drilling operations. Logging-whiledrilling （LWD） is currently used to accurately identify and evaluate cavities in reservoirs during drilling. In this study, we use the self-adaptive hp-FEM algorithm simulate and calculate the LWD resistivity responses of fracture-cavity reservoir cavities. Compared with the traditional h-FEM method, the self-adaptive hp-FEM algorithm has the characteristics of the self-adaptive mesh refinement and the calculations exponentially converge to highly accurate solutions. Using numerical simulations, we investigated the effect of the cavity size, distance between cavity and borehole, and transmitted frequency on the LWD resistivity response. Based on the results, a method for recognizing cavities is proposed. This research can provide the theoretical basis for the accurate identification and quantitative evaluation of various carbonate reservoirs with cavities encountered in practice.

民机引气系统快速存取记录器数据健康监测方法

状态监控与健康管理技术是国产民机运营支持亟待突破的关键技术,以民机引气系统为对象,设计实现了基于快速存取记录器(Quick access recorder,QAR)数据的民机引气系统健康监测方法,提出引气系统故障检测算法。根据引气系统原理和工况从QAR解码数据中提取高压级和低压级调压对应的监测数据。引入准确度、虚警率和漏警率指标优化指数加权滑动平均(Exponentially weighted moving average,EWMA)控制图方法,根据优化指标确定控制图的关键参数EWMA的平滑系数、构成检测样本的监测数据点数量和EWMA的控制限系数。借助航空公司收集的实际数据对方法进行验证,结果表明,与当前航空公司现行方法相比,提出的方法可降低故障预警的虚警率、提高准确度,提前故障发现时间,为航空公司合理安排飞机维修计划、减少飞机停场时间提供支持。

聚合物应力松弛的非定常微分型本构模型

利用粘滞系数随时间变化的粘性元件和弹性模量随时间变化的弹性元件,构造非定常(也可称为变参数)Maxwell模型和非定常Zener模型。求解非定常模型的本构方程得到它们的松弛函数。结果表明,当粘滞系数和弹性模量随时间按幂律规律变化时,可以把经验函数stretched exponential函数和修正的stretched exponential函数视为非定常模型的应力松弛函数。文中用修正的stretched exponential函数对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)松弛模量实验数据进行了拟合,表明该函数能较好地描述这两种聚合物的应力松弛。

公平调度的分组调度算法设计

针对无线实时多媒体业务应用,该文在算法Exponential rule(Exp)基础上提出了一种增强调度公平性能的Modified Exponential rule(MExp)分组调度算法。通过理论分析和系统级仿真对算法性能进行了分析和验证。

Exponential stability criteria on neural networks with continuously distributed delays

The exponential stability of a class of neural networks with continuously distributed delays is investigated by employing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. Through introducing some free-weighting matrices and the equivalent descriptor form, a delay-dependent stability criterion is established for the addressed systems. The condition is expressed in terms of a linear matrix inequality （LMI）, and it can be checked by resorting to the LMI in the Matlab toolbox. In addition, the proposed stability criteria do not require the monotonicity of the activation functions and the derivative of a time-varying delay being less than 1, which generalize and improve earlier methods. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained methods.

Optimum Constant-stress Plan for Accelerated Life Test with Censoring Ⅱ

In this paper, we obtain the optimum plan by discussing a constant-stress accelerated life test (ALT) satisfying the condition (3.3) at k stresses under an exponential distribution.

不同损失函数下分布族参数的极小极大估计

针对一类尺度分布族参数的估计问题,在参数的先验分布为均匀分布、而损失函数为加权平方损失、MLINEX损失和对称熵损失函数下,研究了该分布族参数的Bayes估计和Minimax估计问题.最后,通过Monte Carlo数值模拟,通过计算各估计的均方误差,给出了几种估计的比较结果.

Exponential stability and existence of periodic solutions for a class of recurrent neural networks with delays

Both the global exponential stability and the existence of periodic solutions for a class of recurrent neural networks with continuously distributed delays （RNNs） are studied. By employing the inequality α∏k=1^m bk^qk≤1/r ∑qkbk^r＋1/rα^r（α≥0,bk≥0,qk〉0,with ∑k=1^m qk=r-1,r≥1, constructing suitable Lyapunov r k=l k=l functions and applying the homeomorphism theory, a family of simple and new sufficient conditions are given ensuring the global exponential stability and the existence of periodic solutions of RNNs. The results extend and improve the results of earlier publications.

Stabilization of discrete nonholonomic chained system

Aimed at the stabilization of the nonholonomic chained system under fixed sample control, two control laws were proposed. The discrete model of the nonholonomic chained system under zero-hold was obtained through the integrate method to the continuous model. And the discrete model was transformed to the form with two linear subsystems through coordinate transformation. Two feedback control laws, time-invariant control law and time-varying control law, were proposed; and the local stabilization and global stabilization were realized respectively. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. The discrete nonholonomic chained system can converge to zero from any initial state exponentially, and the convergence rate can be changed through changing the parameters of the control laws.