Postoperative encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor treated by exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumors,originating from mesenchymal tissues,are one of the most common tumors of the digestive tract.For stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,compared with conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)can remove deep lesions and digestive tract wall tumors completely.However,this technique has major limitations such as perforation,postoperative bleeding,and post-polypectomy syndrome.Herein,we report a case of postoperative serous surface bleeding which formed an encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor that was treated with exposed EFTR.Feasible treatment options to address this complication are described.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old male patient had a hemispherical protrusion found during gastric endoscopic ultrasonography,located at the upper gastric curvature adjacent to the stomach fundus,with a smooth surface mucosa and poor mobility.The lesion was 19.3 mm×16.1 mm in size and originated from the fourth ultrasound layer.Computed tomography(CT)revealed no significant evidence of lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis.Using conventional ESD technology for mucosal pre-resection,exposed EFTR was performed to resect the intact tumor in order to achieve a definitive histopathological diagnosis.Based on its morphology and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and DOG-1,the lesion was proven to be consistent with a gastric stromal tumor.Six days after exposed EFTR,CT showed a large amount of encapsulated fluid and gas accumulation around the stomach.In addition,gastroscopy suggested intracavitary bleeding and abdominal puncture drainage indicated serosal bleeding.Based on these findings,the patient was diagnosed with serosal bleeding resulting in encapsulated abdominal hemorrhage after exposed EFTR for a gastric stromal tumor.The patient received combined treatments,such as hemostasis under gastroscopy,gastrointestinal decompression,and abdominal drainage.All examinations were normal within six months of follow-up.CONCLUSION This patient developed serous surface bleeding in the gastric cavity following exposed EFTR.Serosal bleeding resulting in an encapsulated hemoperitoneum is rare in clinical practice.The combined treatment may replace certain surgical techniques.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Polymerase Chain Reaction Status of HIV Exposed Infants in a Sub Regional Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme during the Period 2009-2020

Introduction: Transitioning to more efficacious Antiretrovirals for HIV infected pregnant women and infant prophylaxis has reduced Mother to child transmission of HIV significantly. This study aimed to determine HIV infection status in HIVexposed infants who had their first DNA polymerase chain reaction test in our molecular Laboratory. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Dried Blood Spots for HIV DNA results from 5 states between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed in the PCR laboratory of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Results: Nine thousand eight hundred and twenty-three Human Immunodeficiency Virus Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase Chain Reaction results were analysed;4937 (50.2%) were males. During the study period, there was an overall declining trend in the mother-to-child transmission rate from 3.8% in 2009 to 1.0% in 2020. 6120 (62.3%) of HIV + mothers received Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART before pregnancy. 7845 (76.2%) of the infants received Nevirapine prophylaxis. Dried blood spot samples were collected from 4077 (41.5%) at 6 - 8 weeks. 8438 (85.9%) received cotrimoxazole. 9469 (96.4%) were ever breastfed. Of the 9823 HIV DNA PCR results, 255 (2.6%) were positive while 69/4077 (1.7%) and 109/2662 (4.1%) were positive for HIV DNA at 6 - 8 weeks and > 12 weeks respectively. (p = 0.001). 86/747 (11.5%) of infants whose HIV-positive mothers received no ARVS were HIV DNA positive. (p = 0.001). 106/884 (12.0%) of infants who had no Antiretroviral prophylaxis had positive HIV DNA results;7/413 (1.7%) with Zidovudine/Nevirapine prophylaxis had positive results. (p = 0.001). 246/9469 (2.6%) of infants that were ever breastfed were positive for HIV DNA;11/354 (3.0%) that never breastfed had positive HIV DNA. Conclusion: Lack of maternal/infant ARVs and prolonged breastfeeding increased the risk of infant HIV infection.

Discontinuity development patterns and the challenges for 3D discrete fracture network modeling on complicated exposed rock surfaces

Natural slopes usually display complicated exposed rock surfaces that are characterized by complex and substantial terrain undulation and ubiquitous undesirable phenomena such as vegetation cover and rockfalls.This study presents a systematic outcrop research of fracture pattern variations in a complicated rock slope,and the qualitative and quantitative study of the complex phenomena impact on threedimensional(3D)discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling.As the studies of the outcrop fracture pattern have been so far focused on local variations,thus,we put forward a statistical analysis of global variations.The entire outcrop is partitioned into several subzones,and the subzone-scale variability of fracture geometric properties is analyzed(including the orientation,the density,and the trace length).The results reveal significant variations in fracture characteristics(such as the concentrative degree,the average orientation,the density,and the trace length)among different subzones.Moreover,the density of fracture sets,which is approximately parallel to the slope surface,exhibits a notably higher value compared to other fracture sets across all subzones.To improve the accuracy of the DFN modeling,the effects of three common phenomena resulting from vegetation and rockfalls are qualitatively analyzed and the corresponding quantitative data processing solutions are proposed.Subsequently,the 3D fracture geometric parameters are determined for different areas of the high-steep rock slope in terms of the subzone dimensions.The results show significant variations in the same set of 3D fracture parameters across different regions with density differing by up to tenfold and mean trace length exhibiting differences of 3e4 times.The study results present precise geological structural information,improve modeling accuracy,and provide practical solutions for addressing complex outcrop issues.

F-doped orthorhombic Nb_(2)O_(5) exposed with 97% (100) facet for fast reversible Liþ-Intercalation

Orthorhombic Nb_(2)O_(5)(T-Nb_(2)O_(5))is attractive for fast-charging Li-ion batteries,but it is still hard to realize rapid charge transfer kinetics for Li-ion storage.Herein,F-doped T-Nb_(2)O_(5) microflowers(F-Nb_(2)O_(5))are rationally synthesized through topotactic conversion.Specifically,F-Nb_(2)O_(5) are assembled by single-crystal nanoflakes with nearly 97%exposed(100)facet,which maximizes the exposure of the feasible Li^(+)transport pathways along loosely packed 4g atomic layers to the electrolytes,thus effectively enhancing the Li^(+)-intercalation performance.Besides,the band gap of F-Nb_(2)O_(5) is reduced to 2.87 eV due to the doping of F atoms,leading to enhanced electrical conductivity.The synergetic effects between tailored exposed crystal facets,F-doping,and ultrathin building blocks,speed up the Li^(+)/electron transfer kinetics and improve the pseudocapacitive properties of F-Nb_(2)O_(5).Therefore,F-Nb_(2)O_(5) exhibit superior rate capability(210.8 and 164.9 mAh g^(-1) at 1 and 10 C,respectively)and good long-term 10 C cycling performance(132.7 mAh g^(-1) after 1500 cycles).

An analytical solution for evaluating the safety of an exposed face in a paste backfill stope incorporating the arching phenomenon

In current underground mining, the stability of the exposed backfill face is a basic issue associated with mining design and has been the subject of considerable research in mining safety and efficiency. In this study, an improved analytical solution for evaluating the safety of vertically exposed faces in backfilling was proposed. Based on a differential slice method, the proposed solution emphasizes the arching effect as having the advantages of more rigor and wider scalability. Feasibility of the proposed solution was validated with classic centrifuge results. Good agreement between compared results indicated that the proposed solution skillfully predicts the behavior of the paste centrifuge model. Additionally, calculation of exposed face safety in sequential filling was presented. The proposed solution has practical significance in mine backfill design.

Lymphocyte Subsets and Sister-chromatid Exchanges in the Students Exposed to Formaldehyde Vapor

The present report evaluates the effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on peripheral lymphocytes by using heth genetic and immunological parameters. Twenty-three non-smoking students in the study had inhalation exposure to 0.508 ±0. 299 mg/m3 of FA for a Period of 8 weeks (3h × 3 times each week) during anatomy classes. As for composition of lymphocyte subsets after FA exposare,significant increase was found in the percentage of CD19(B cells), while sighficant decrease was observed in CD3(total T cells), CD4(T helper-inducer cells), and CD8(T cytotoxic-suppressior cells) with a P<0 .01. Increase in the ratio of T-helper-inducer cells to T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells (T4 / T8) was also observed with statistical sighcance after exposure (P < 0.001). In the meanwhile,no significant difference (P > 0 .05) was reported between lymphocyte prolifendion rate and sisterchromatid exchange (SCE) at the exposure level and duration. It is suggested that the lymphocyte subsets may be most susceptible to the effects of FA, though a single immunological endpoint is rarely related with pathophysiological interpretation.

Micronuclei in Nasal Mucosa, Oral Mucosa and Lymphocytes in Students Exposed to Formaldehyde Vapor in Anatomy Class

The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cells of the nasal mucosa, oral mucosa and in lym-phocytes was evaluated for 25 students in anatomy classes exposed to formaldehyde (FA) overan 8-week period. Each student served as his or her own control. The time-weighted averageconcentration (TWA) of fOrmaldehyde in anatomical laboratories and in students' dormitorieswas 0. 508 ± 0. 299 mg/m3 and 0. 012 ± 0. 0025mg/m3, respectively. A higher frequency ofmicronuclei was observed in nasal and oral exfoliative cells after formaldehyde exposure (3. 85± 1. 48 vs 1 .20± 0. 676 and 0. 857 ± 0. 558 vs 0. 568 ± 0. 317, paired-t test: P< 0. 001and P < 0. 01, respectively). No significant increase in the frequency of lymphocyte micronu-clei was found after formaldehyde exposure (P >0. 05 ). The present study shows that nasalmucosa cel1s exposed through respiration are the chief target of FA-induced genotoxic effects

Detection of Cytogenetic Effects in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Students Exposed to Formaldehyde with Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus Assay

Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay was applied as a biological dosimeter to detect abnormalities in human peripheral lymphocytes of thirteen students exposed to formaldehyde (FA) during a 12-week (10 h per week) anatomy class. Breathing-zone air samples colleeted during dissection procedures showed a mean concentration of 2. 37 ppm (3. 17mg/m3 ). Ten students from the same school but without FA exposure served as controls. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were detected in both groups. The micronuclei (MN) rate (6. 38 ± 2. 50‰ ) and CA rate (5. 92 ±2. 40‰ ) in the FA-exposed group showed a significant increase (P< 0. 01 ) when compared with those of the controls (3. 15 ±1. 46‰and 3. 40 ± 1. 57 % respectively). A correlation between MN and CA in individuals was observed. SCE in the exmpd group were also increased (P< 0. 05), but not so greatly as MN or CA. The results indicated that FA might damage the chromosomes of human lymphocytes.

Presence of Antibodies to Heat Stress Proteins and its Possible Significance in Workers Exposed to High Temperature and Carbon Monoxide

Antibodies to the ubiquitous group of stress proteins known as heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be associated with a number of diseases in humans. Hsps are known to be induced by certain xenobiotics, some of which are common in the working environment. The biological significance of the presence of such autoantibodies is presently unclear. In the present study, we used immunoblotting to investigate the presence of antibodies against the different stress proteins, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp71, Hse (heat shock cognate ) 73 and Hsp89a and D in groups of workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. These data were related to a detailed clinical evaluation and to various laboratory measurements including electrocardiogram (ECG), B echogram, white blood cell counts and typing, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymphocyte DNA damage. Antibodies to Hsp27 and Hsp71 were found more frequently in the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups than in controls (P (0.05 ). The carbon monoxide-exposed group showed the highest incidence of anti-Hsp antibodies. Anti-Hsp60 antibodies were only detected in workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. The percentage of workers with abnormal ECG, B echogram changes and displaying hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg ) was higher in the carbon monoxide group than in the control group (P＜0.05 ).There was a significant inerease in the activity of ALT in the high temperature and carbon monoxide groups and in the activities of ACP and ALP in the carbon monoxide group (P＜0.05 ). The extent of DNA damage measured in lymphoeytes was higher in workers from the high temperature and carbon monoxide-cxposed groups. We suggest that the increased frequeney of antibodies to Hsps is the result of these damages, of the release of denatured Hsps and of a decrease in the phagocytic ability of macrophages in these workers. The data gathered in the present study show a statistical relation between the occurrence of antibodies against Hsps and the frequency of health problems in workers and suggest a potential role for the antibodies as useful biomarkers to assess whether workers are experieneing environmental stress

Synthesis and Optimization of TiO_2/Graphene with Exposed {001} Facets Based on Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize the control parameters of TiO_2/graphene with exposed {001} facets during synthesis, and its enhanced photocatalytic activities were evaluated in the photodegradation of toluene. Experimental results were in good agreement with the predicted results obtained using RSM with a correlation coefficient(R^2) of 0.9345. When 22.06 mg of graphite oxide(GO) and 2.09 mL of hydrofluoric acid(HF) were added and a hydrothermal time of 28 h was used, a maximum efficiency in the degradation of toluene was achieved. X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to characterize the obtained hybrid photocatalyst. The electron transferred between Ti and C retarded the combination of electron–hole pairs and hastened the transferring of electrons, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity.

Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Men Highly Exposed to Sunlight

People living near the equator more easily obtain adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. However, studies indicated that vitamin D deficiency is common even in the sunniest areas. We mainly analyzed the vitamin D status and dietary patterns of men highly exposed to sunlight, and investigated the correlation of vitamin D status with dietary patterns and time for outdoor work or activities. The average vitamin D levels among men highly exposed to sunlight was sufficient, but parts of the population had vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Long-term vitamin D deficiency may correlate with obesity and hypertension. These results provide a scientific basis for future research.

Distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the surface sliver defect on the exposed panel of automobile:A quantitative electrolysis method

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface.A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology,size,composition,quantity,and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel.The Al2O3 inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10μm.The aggregation sections of the Al2O3 inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction,with a spacing of 3–7 mm,a length of 6–7 mm,and a width of about 3 mm.The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16%with an average value of 0.08%,the inclusion number density is 40 mm−2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13μm.The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160μm,with an average value of 68.76μm in chain-like inclusion parts.The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002%and 1–2 mm^−2,respectively,with the inclusion spacing of 400μm and the size of Al2O3 being 1–3μm.

Serum and urine monitoring of fluoride exposed workers in aluminium smelting factory

To define the relationship between F concentrations in the serum and urine of workers and the amount of gaseous F in the workplace, postshift serum and urine samples of exposed and unexposed workers of an aluminium smelting factory were examined.Average gaseous F concentration in each work environment was 1. 89 mg/m3to 4. 82 mg/m3.Although serum F concentrations in unexposed workers increased with age, those in F exposed workers did not change, and the levels of F in serum and urine of them were more than twice as high as those in the controls. The serum and urinary F of exposed workers were well correlated (r= + 0. 66 ) with each other.

Characterization of Failure Mechanisms of Duplex and Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings Exposed to Thermal Shock Test

The beginning of failure of a (ZrO2-7%Y2O3)/(Ni-22%Co-17%Cr-12.5%Al-0.6%Y) duplex andgraded coating systems on lnconel 617 and IN738LC in burner rig tests has been characterized.The test conditions are 40 s heating up to 75O℃ substrate temperature followed by 80 s aircooling. Failure is considered at the appearance of the first bright spot during heating period.Stresses due to thermal expansion mismatch strains on cooling are the probable cause of life-limiting in this conditions of testing.

MMP Inhibitor Ilomastat Improves Survival of Mice Exposed toγ-Irradiation

There is still a need for better protection against or mitigation of the effects of ionizing radiation following conventional radiotherapy or accidental exposure. The objective of our current study was to investigate the possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ilomastat, in the protection of mice from total body radiation（TBI）, and the underlying protective mechanisms. Ilomastat treatment increased the survival of mice after TBI. Ilomastat pretreatment promoted recovery of hematological and immunological cells in mice after 6 Gy γ-ray TBI. Our findings suggest the potential of ilomastat to protect against or mitigate the effects of radiation.

Characteristics of Corrosion Product Layer Formed on Weathering Steel Exposed to the Tropical Climate of Vietnam

The weathering steel (Corten B) was exposed to out-door atmosphere of Hanoi (urban site) and Donghoi (marine site). The results showed the protective ability of corrosion product layer formed on weathering steel in the initial stage. The SEM-EDX analysis detected the presence of chromium and copper in the inner layers of corrosion product formed on weathering steel. These elements improved corrosion resistance of corrosion product layers. In addition, the dense α-FeOOH phase were appeared early in corrosion product which is detected by X-ray diffraction and Micro Raman investigations. The results of polarization and EIS measurements also demonstrated the protectiveness of the corrosion product of weathering steel.

Microglia activation in the offspring of prenatal Poly I:C exposed rats:a PET imaging and immunohistochemistry study

Background The well-known <pyrotherapy, of Julius Wagner-Jauregg might be the beginning of the study on the immunological concepts of schizophrenia. As the primary immune effector cells in the brain, microglia play a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory processes. Maternal viral infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders with presumed neurodevelopmental origin, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The present study was to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the mature offspring of rats exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilicacid(Poly l:C) during pregnancy using 11 C'PK11195 positron emission tomography(PET) and immunohistochemistry.Objective The study aimed to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.Methods Offspring of Poly l:C-treated dams were the model group, offspring of saline-treated dams were the control group. Behavioural test for two groups was taken by spontaneous activity, prepulse inhibition(PPI) and latent inhibition(LI) test(including active avoidance conditioning task and passive avoidance conditioning task). Randomly selected successful model rats were assessed by behavioural test in the model group and control group rats.11 C-PK11195 micro-PET/CT and immunohistochemistry were performed on the selected rats to measure microglia activation.Results The treatment group showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in PPI and LI compared with the control group. The treatment group also showed an increased11 C-PK11195 uptake ratio in the prefrontal cortex(f=-3.990, p=0.003) and hippocampus(f=-4.462,p=0.001). The number of activated microglia cells was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control gro叩(hippocampus: f=8.204, p<0.001; prefrontal:f=6.995, p<0.001). Within the treatment group, there were significant correlations between the behavioural parameters and the activation of microglia as measured by PET and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions The present study demonstrated microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.This study suggests that microglia activation may play a possible or potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Changes in Myelinated Nerve Fibers and Skeletal Muscle of Rats Exposed to High Doses of Permethrin

Neurological signs and segmcntal demyelination in a cervical nerve were observed in rats treated orally with permethrin (300 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Inflammatory and degenerative signals were recorded in the diaphragm muscle. These effects were more intense with the trade grade than with the technical grade product. The possible influence of the percentage of cisitrans isomers on the intensity of the observed effects is discussed. 5 imi Academic Press.Inc.

Endocrine response of early-hatching Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings exposed to cold temperature in a high-latitude grassland habitat

Background:In high latitude grassland habitats,altricial nestlings hatching in open-cup nests early in the breeding season must cope with cold temperature challenges.Thyroid hormones(triiodothyronine,T_(3)and thyroxine,T_(4))and corticosterone play a crucial role in avian thermoregulation response to cold.Investigating the endocrine response of altricial nestlings to temperature variation is important for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of individual variation in the timing of breeding in birds.Methods:We compared nest temperature,ambient temperature,body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone levels in Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)nestlings hatching in the early-,middle-,and late-stages of the breeding season in Hulunbuir grassland,northeast China.Results:Mean nest temperature in the early-,middle-and late-stage groups was-1.85,3.81 and 10.23℃,respectively,for the 3-day-old nestlings,and 6.83,10.41 and 11.81℃,respectively,for the 6-day-old nestlings.The nest temperature significantly correlated with body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone concentrations of nestlings.Body temperature of 3-day-old nestlings in the early and middle groups was significantly lower than that of the late group,but there was no significant difference between the nestlings in the early and middle groups.The T_(4)and T_(3)concentrations and the ratio of T_(3)/T_(4)of both 3-and 6-day-old nestlings in the early-stage group were significantly higher compared to the middle and late groups.The corticosterone levels of 3-day-old nestlings were significantly higher in the early-stage group compared to the middle-and late-stage groups.Conclusion:Nestlings hatching early responded to cold temperature by increasing thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels even in the early days of post hatching development when the endothermy has not been established.These hormones may play a physiological role in neonatal nestlings coping with cold temperature challenges.

EXPERIMENTAL PRIMARY LIVER CANCER IN TREE SHREWS EXPOSED TO HUMAN HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND AFLATOXIN B_(1)

On the basis of the successful establishment of an animal model in tree shrews experimentally in fected with human hepatitis B virus (HHBV), a study on the hepatocarcinogenic effects of HHBV and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by using this animal model was conducted through a lifelong experiment. Among 41 tree shrews exposed to AFB1, 17 were experimentally infected by HHBV and 24 were uninfected. After 158 weeks, significant difference of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence was present between the HHBV infected (52.94%) and uninfected (12.5%) groups (p<0.05). No difference was found between these two groups in the amount of AFB4 ingestion. Moreover, 1/9 of the tree shrews infected only by HHBV but not exposed to AFB4 developed PLC. No PLC was found in 6 tree shrews that had neither been infected with HHBV nor been exposed to AFB4. These results suggest the possible etiologic relationship between HHBV infection and PLC, as well as the synergetic effects of HHBV and AFB4 during PLC development.