Air Pollution Exposure Based on Nighttime Light Remote Sensing and Multi-source Geographic Data in Beijing

Air pollution is a problem that directly affects human health,the global environment and the climate.The air quality index(AQI)indicates the degree of air pollution and effect on human health;however,when assessing air pollution only based on AQI monitoring data the fact that the same degree of air pollution is more harmful in more densely populated areas is ignored.In the present study,multi-source data were combined to map the distribution of the AQI and population data,and the analyze their pollution population exposure of Beijing in 2018 was analyzed.Machine learning based on the random forest algorithm was adopted to calculate the monthly average AQI of Beijing in 2018.Using Luojia-1 nighttime light remote sensing data,population statistics data,the population of Beijing in 2018 and point of interest data,the distribution of the permanent population in Beijing was estimated with a high precision of 200 m×200 m.Based on the spatialization results of the AQI and population of Beijing,the air pollution exposure levels in various parts of Beijing were calculated using the population-weighted pollution exposure level(PWEL)formula.The results show that the southern region of Beijing had a more serious level of air pollution,while the northern region was less polluted.At the same time,the population was found to agglomerate mainly in the central city and the peripheric areas thereof.In the present study,the exposure of different districts and towns in Beijing to pollution was analyzed,based on high resolution population spatialization data,it could take the pollution exposure issue down to each individual town.And we found that towns with higher exposure such as Yongshun Town,Shahe Town and Liyuan Town were all found to have a population of over 200000 which was much higher than the median population of townships of51741 in Beijing.Additionally,the change trend of air pollution exposure levels in various regions of Beijing in 2018 was almost the same,with the peak value being in winter and the lowest value being in summer.The exposure intensity in population clusters was relatively high.To reduce the level and intensity of pollution exposure,relevant departments should strengthen the governance of areas with high AQI,and pay particular attention to population clusters.

中国城市PM_(2.5)污染暴露不平等及其驱动因素——基于Theil指数和LMDI分解

聚焦大气污染物PM_(2.5),对2015~2021年污染物浓度进行人口规模赋权,构建中国城市PM_(2.5)污染暴露水平指标,基于GINI系数和Theil指数测度污染暴露不平等,并按城市行政层级、省份进行差异分解;基于对数平均迪氏指数分解法(LMDI),分别对污染暴露水平、不平等程度进行驱动因素分解,探究其变化背后的社会经济因素.结果表明:中国城市PM_(2.5)污染暴露不平等总体温和,GINI系数保持在0.2以内且呈递减趋势.不同行政级别城市间未表现出污染暴露不平等,而省际差异对污染暴露不平等的贡献达68.4%;总体上能源的污染暴露乘数、政府绿色支出能耗强度是PM_(2.5)污染暴露水平的主要抑制因素,对污染暴露水平的驱动贡献超过60%.政府支出结构、支出规模、经济发展和人口因素对PM_(2.5)污染暴露起促增作用,但各因素在不同层级的城市间具有异质性;能源的污染暴露乘数、绿色支出能耗强度对不平等的动态抑制作用弱化,主要依靠能源绿色化的治污策略面临挑战.据此提出更好发挥政府作用,持续降低中国PM_(2.5)污染暴露水平,实现环境公共服务更加均等化的政策启示.

isoAOT40:An improved ozone exposure index based on the Annual Ozone Spectrum Profile(AO3SP)

Abstarct In recognition of the rising threats of groundlevel ozone(O_(3))pollution to forests,agricultural crops,and other types of vegetation,accurate and realistic risk assessment is urgently needed.The accumulated O_(3)exposure over a concentration threshold of 40 nmol mol-1(AOT40)is the most commonly used metric to investigate O3 exposure and its effects on vegetation and to conduct vegetation risk assessment.It is also used by international regulatory authorities for deriving critical levels and setting standards to protect vegetation against surface O_(3).However,fixed periods of the growing season are used universally,yet growing seasons vary with latitudes and elevations,and the periods of plant lifespan also differ among annual species.Here,we propose the concept of the Annual O_(3)Spectrum Profile(AO_(3)SP)and apply it to calculate the profile of AOT40 throughout the year(AAOT40SP,Annual AOT40 Spectrum Profile)using the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)weeks as a shorter window ISO-based accumulated exposure.Using moving time periods of three(for crops)or six(for forests)months,the i so AOT40 behavior throughout the year can be examined as a diagnostic tool for O_(3)risks in the short-or long-term during the lifecycle of local vegetation.From this analysis,AOT40(i so AOT40)that is most representative for the local conditions and specific situations can be identified,depending on the exact growing season and lifecycle of the target vegetation.We applied this novel approach to data from five background monitoring stations located at different elevations in Cyprus.Our results show that the AAOT40SP approach can be used for improved and more realistic assessment of O3 risks to vegetation.The AO_(3)SP approach can also be applied using metrics other than AOT40(exposure-or flux-based),adding a new dimension to the way O_(3)risk to vegetation is assessed.

Use of Ventilation-Index in the Development of Exposure Model for Indoor Air Pollution—A Review

In indoor environment, emission factor of the cooking fuel plays a vital role in determining correlation between exposure assessment and health effects. Both indoor and outdoor air pollution exposures are widely influenced by the ventilation status. An optimum control of the air change rate has also significant impact on the exposure pattern. A number of studies revealed that the indoor particulates and gaseous exposures, resulting from the combustion of various cooking fuels, are associated with significant adverse health effects on pregnant mothers and new born babies. The impacts of ventilation status on air pollution exposure in households’ kitchens or living rooms have not been explored enough. Except a few studies with concrete rooms, especially in industries, no other studies have been established on the correlation between the ventilation index and air pollution exposure. The intent of this review is to discuss reported findings focused on the ventilation and exposure to air pollution. This will obviously help better understanding to modulate exposure profile in household condition using simple tool of ventilation measurement.

Assessing Vulnerability to Drought Based on Exposure,Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity:A Case Study in Middle Inner Mongolia of China

In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate change.The framework highlights the positive effects of human activities in the coupled human and natural system(CHANS) by introducing adaptive capacity as an evaluation criterion.A built-in regional vulnerability to a certain hazard was generated based upon interaction of three dimensions of vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity.We illustrated the application of this framework in the temperate farming-grazing transitional zone in the middle Inner Mongolia of the northern China,where drought hazard is the key threat to the CHANS.Specific indices were produced to translate such climate variance and social-economic differences into specific indicators.The results showed that the most exposed regions are the inner land areas,while counties located in the eastern part are potentially the most adaptive ones.Ordos City and Bayannur City are most frequently influenced by multiple climate variances,showing highest sensitivity.Analysis also indicated that differences in the ability to adapt to changes are the main causes of spatial differences.After depiction of the spatial differentiations and analysis of the reasons,climate zones were divided to depict the differences in facing to the drought threats.The climate zones were shown to be similar to vulnerability zones based on the quantitative structure of indexes drafted by a triangular map.Further analysis of the composition of the vulnerability index showed that the evaluation criteria were effective in validating the spatial differentiation but potentially ineffective because of their limited time scope.This research will be a demonstration of how to combine the three dimensions by quantitative methods and will thus provide a guide for government to vulnerability reduction management.

Non-occupational lead exposure and hypertension in Pakistani adults

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed and developing countries. Based on the long historical association and the provocative findings of blood pressure effects at low level of lead exposure a study was carried out to determine if an association existed between low blood lead concentration and hypertension. In this study the effects of low-level exposure to lead on blood pressure were examined among 244 adults using atomic absorption spectrometer. For quality assurance purpose certified reference materials i.e., Animal blood A-13, Bovine liver 1577 and cotton cellulose V-9 from IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and NIST （National Institute of Standard Technology） were analyzed under identical experimental conditions. The mean age of hypertensive adults was 52 years （range 43-66）. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were （209±11.7） （range 170-250） and （117±3.9） （range 105-140） mmHg respectively. Blood lead concentration ranged from 78-201 μg/L with a mean of 139 μg/L and 165-497 μg/L with a mean of 255 μg/k in normal and hypertensive adults respectively. Increase in systolic blood pressure was significantly predictive with increase in blood lead levels. Body mass index （BMI） and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride correlated with blood pressure.

Health risk from fluoride exposure of a population in selected areas of Tamil Nadu South India

Prevalence of fluorosis is a public health problem in many states of India.It is necessary to find out the different sources through which fluoride enters human metabolism.Only when the sources are identified,suitable remedial measures can be initiated.This study was attempted to find out the contribution of fluoride from various sources such as drinking water,staple food grains,cooked rice,green leafy vegetables and cow milk in the selected area of the study.Percentage of incidence of fluorosis was estimated using a clinical survey.Calculated community fluorosis index values in all the 22 villages were greater than the accepted index value.Fluoride intake from all manor dietary sources of different age groups such as infants,children,adolescents,adults and aged above 70 was determined.The study revealed that,of all the sources,fluoride contribution from drinking water is significant irrespective of age.Hence,it is advised that people of South India,where there similarity in diet pattern,consume drinking water with lesser fluoride to minimize the debilitating effect of fluoride.The study also recommends to the government authorities concerned with supply to provide water with low fluoride level.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

ICPCSEE(Originally ICYCSEE)2017第三届国际计算机前沿大会(原国际青年计算机大会)征稿通知(SCI or EI Indexed)（英文）

September 22-24,2017,Changsha,China The Third International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists,Engineers and Educators(ICPCSEE,originally ICYCSEE)2017(http://2017.icpcsee.org)w ill be held in Changsha,China,Sept 22-24 2017,hosted by Central South University and Computer Education Committee Hunan Higher Education Federation.

基于评价指标转换法的地铁环境振动烦恼度研究

为研究地铁环境振动水平与人体主观烦恼度感受之间的关系,采用指标换算法,推导了最大Z振级VL_(z, max)与四次方剂量值(vibration dose value, VDV)之间的转换关系,并通过现场测试对转换公式中的待定系数进行了拟合。借鉴基于VDV指标的暴露-响应关系研究成果,得到了基于VL_(z, max)指标的暴露-响应曲线,初步实现了基于我国国标推荐指标的居民振动烦恼度评价。研究表明:单位时间内过车数目增多会导致人体产生烦恼度的比例增加;国标GB 10070、GB/T 50355和GB 55016中推荐的振动限值所对应的居民烦恼度,与国外标准中限值所对应的烦恼度基本一致,最严格限值对应的高度烦恼度比例约为3%。

紫墨湘玉成分及放射性核素限值研究

紫墨湘玉是近几年新发现的玉种,是一种很好的玉石材料。公众对紫墨湘玉的了解不足,限制了紫墨湘玉的推广与销售。提升公众对紫墨湘玉的科学认知,有助于紫墨湘玉的开发利用,促进当地石雕产业的发展。在野外地质调查的基础上,对其矿物成分及放射性特征开展了采样分析。研究结果表明,墨湘玉具有典型的角岩结构,紫墨湘玉的内外照射指数远低于A类装饰材料限值标准。

海外受众媒介接触行为对武术文化传播效果影响的实证研究

文章在构建微观武术国际化传播效果研究框架的基础上合成传播效果综合指数。采用武术信息接触月频次、武术信息接触时间与媒介接触种类数等几个维度作为媒介接触行为概念,借助调节效应模型探讨媒介接触行为对不同教育程度海外受众的武术传播效果的影响。研究结果显示,4个媒介接触行为指标均与传播效果存在正相关,并且武术信息接触时间、传统媒介接触类型数与网络新媒介接触类型数相对于武术信息接触月频次对不同教育程度群体的武术传播效果调节效应要显著,武术传播效果的影响因素是复杂多元的,媒介接触行为有待于后续研究在这一领域继续探索。

弱风条件下斜程海洋湍流中涡旋光束的传输特性

光束在海洋介质中传输会极大地受到海洋湍流的影响。此外,涡旋光束轨道角动量的复用会极大地提高系统容量,因此研究涡旋光束在海洋湍流中的传输具有重要意义。在水平海洋湍流理论基础上,创新性地构建了斜程路径上海洋湍流相位屏模型,以相位结构函数为依据验证了海洋湍流相位屏的准确性,根据多相位屏法搭建准直高斯涡旋光束在海洋湍流中的上行传输链路模型。数值模拟并分析了不同天顶角、海洋湍流内外尺度及拓扑荷数等其他海洋湍流参数对准直高斯涡旋光束经海洋湍流上行传输的光强及相位分布、光束漂移、轴上闪烁指数和长曝光光斑半径的影响。结果表明:涡旋光束的拓扑荷数越小、天顶角越小,光束受到湍流的影响越大;在海洋湍流上行传输链路中,准直高斯涡旋光束的光束漂移、轴上闪烁指数及长曝光光斑半径随海洋湍流外尺度的增大而增大,且主要受传输距离的影响;理想情况下,取海洋湍流外尺度为无穷大,会高估湍流对光束的影响;由于涡旋光束的本身特性,拓扑荷数对光强及相位分布和长曝光光斑半径的影响也较为显著。

高精度综合景观格局的中国人口暴露风险评价

基于PM2.5、人口格网数据,采用暴露风险评价模型,在高精度时空分辨率下,研究中国2000—2020年PM2.5人口暴露风险的时空演变,对中国的PM2.5人口暴露风险进行评价。并结合土地利用数据,在最佳移动窗口的基础上测算景观格局指数,以皮尔逊相关性分析揭示景观格局对PM2.5浓度及其人口暴露风险关系。中国PM2.5人口暴露风险趋势为先增加后减少,胡焕庸线东西侧PM2.5人口暴露风险值相差较大。从空间变化上看,中国PM2.5人口暴露风险高污染聚集区域主要分布在京津冀、长三角以及中原地区。研究发现,边缘密度(ED)、形状指数(LSI)有利于缓和PM2.5人口暴露风险等问题。边缘密度、形状指数和边缘形状复杂度降低可以有效地减少PM2.5人口暴露风险,而高破碎度的景观类型会导致削减PM2.5人口暴露风险作用进一步弱化。

短期大气颗粒物暴露和MTNR1B基因多态性对甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数影响的家系研究

目的:利用北京房山家系队列研究资料,探索短期大气颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)暴露和褪黑素受体1B(melatonin receptor 1B,MTNR1B)基因多态性对甘油三酯-葡萄糖(triglyceride-glucose,TyG)指数的影响。方法:纳入来自北京市房山区9个乡镇的先证者及其亲属作为研究对象,使用混合线性模型评估短期PM暴露和MTNR1B基因rs10830963位点多态性与TyG指数的关联,进一步利用最大似然法进行基因-环境交互作用分析,探索rs10830963位点多态性在PM与TyG指数关联中的效应修饰作用。结果:共纳入来自2084个家系的4395名参与者,研究对象平均年龄(58.98±8.68)岁,女性占比53.90%。关联分析结果显示,PM 2.5浓度每升高10μg/m 3,TyG指数升高0.017(95%CI:0.007~0.027),而PM 10每升高10μg/m 3,TyG指数升高0.010(95%CI:0.003~0.017),且关联均存在滞后效应。此外,rs10830963位点与TyG指数存在阳性关联。每增加一个风险等位基因G,TyG指数升高0.040(95%CI:0.004~0.076)。与CC基因型携带者相比,GG基因型携带者的TyG指数高0.079(95%CI:0.005~0.152)。未发现该位点多态性与PM暴露的交互作用具有统计学意义。结论:PM 2.5和PM 10短期暴露与较高的TyG指数相关,MTNR1B基因的rs10830963位点G等位基因与TyG指数升高相关联。

长江流域旱涝急转演变特征及其社会经济暴露度

旱涝急转是指干旱和洪水之间的快速转变,对农业生产和人类安全造成巨大威胁。本研究基于月尺度的旱涝急转量级指数,分析了长江流域历史和未来四种旱涝急转事件,并通过滑窗法构建了旱涝急转量级的时变函数,揭示了未来旱涝急转风险变化。同时,结合共享社会经济路径量化了人口和经济受旱涝急转风险变化影响的程度。结果显示,历史时期长江流域中下游旱涝急转事件频发,旱–涝和涝–旱事件每10年发生10~12次,而旱–涝–旱和涝–旱–涝事件每10年发生3~4次。未来旱–涝–旱和涝–旱–涝事件预计大幅增加,其中长江上游部分地区增长了约7倍。对于历史基准期50年一遇的旱涝急转事件,未来发生概率将增加5~10倍,给长江流域的人口和经济带来重大影响。

某深埋输水隧洞放射性环境地质调查与评价

为探究某深埋输水隧洞穿越地层的放射性环境质量,采用原位测试和样品分析等手段,研究隧洞施工期的不利因素。结果表明:隧洞地表沿线的放射性元素含量在背景值变化范围内,未发现放射性异常现象。隧洞穿越的7个钻孔内γ总量和地温测井的结果表明:孔内核素放射性水平较低,基本处于豁免水平,但地温存在异常区域,施工期务必引起重视。钻孔目的层的岩心放射性核素活度浓度低,属于豁免范围内,孔内地下水放射性水平低,满足Ⅲ类地下水要求。辐射防护的计算结果显示,隧洞段地表沿线γ有效剂量当量为0.15 mSv/年,符合国家要求。隧洞段内照射指数和等效镭浓度符合约束值,ZK16钻孔的目的层外照射指数略高于标准值。因此,地下隧洞在施工期需着重关注洞内放射性水平,在辐射异常地段加强岩石采样与分析工作,以保证施工安全。

Ei Compendex Web收录中国出版的期刊分析及检索特性剖析

对Ei Compendex Web选刊原则、对其收录文章文摘的要求予以说明,对EI中国网站收录的中国期刊所划分的核心/非核心与国内期刊核心/非核心进行了比较,列出了2006年EI新增中国期刊及国内部分期刊更名情况信息,说明了Ei数据库对检索项Author(作者)、Author Affiliation(作者单位)的标引特征和检索注意事项,旨在使国内众多的用户详知Ei收录期刊的特点,收录期刊的增、删情况,了解该数据库独特的检索性能,从而更加有效地利用数据库,该文同时对于科研工作者论文的投稿工作具有指导意义。

世界四大索引(SCI、EI、ISTP、ISR)异同分析与测度指标

本文就四大索引的学科范围、特点、异同作出分析 ,并就采用四大索引的测度指标 ,评价一个国家、地区、机构、个人的科研水平和学术成果 ,衡量信息的科学水准与刊物质量的四个指向 ,作一全面阐述。为广大高校教师、科研人员、科研管理人员认识和利用四大索引提供有限的参考。

EI Village数据库检索策略研究——兼与郝冬冬等老师商榷

本文针对EI Village数据库中作者姓名、机构名称和刊物名称误检率高的现象,分析Ei数据库收录文献的主要特点及使用难点,结合在咨询、培训和工作实践中积累的经验,给出不同检索字段检索文献的相应检索策略。

长江科学院2011—2015年科技论文被SCI,EI和CPCI收录情况分析

对长江科学院2011—2015年科技论文被SCI,EI和CPCI收录情况进行研究,从论文总量、著者、学科专业、论文所登载的期刊和国际会议论文集等方面进行了统计、归纳和分析,并与2006—2010年长江科学院论文收录情况进行对比,分析了成绩缘由及存在问题。研究成果不仅为长江科学院将来的科研及其管理工作提供了参考依据,而且为相关单位及科研人员了解长江科学院学术水平及影响力提供了参考依据。最后讨论了提高相关单位及其科研人员科技论文收录率的技巧和方法。