Sidelobe Suppression in CR-OFDM system by Adding Extended Data Carriers

Out-band radiation is a severe problem for Cognitive Radio with OFDM system (CR-OFDM) which is caused by the sidelobe of OFDM signals. Lots of studies have been done on suppressing the sidelobe power and numerous methods have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel method to minimize the sidelobe by adding extended data carrier so called EDC to the original data carriers so as to protect primary user (PU) spectrum. Unlike the methods before, the EDCs are deployed within the secondary user (SU) data frequency spectrum to fully use the spectrum. Moreover, we derive the linear least squares problem to get the optimal weighting factors of EDCs to minimize the sidelobe power which is subject to an original data interference constraint. By simulation, we find that EDC is more capable in sidelobe suppression than method of Cancellation Carrier (CC) while EDC has only a small loss in BER performance.

Time-domain identification of dynamic properties of layered soil by using extended Kalman filter and recorded seismic data

A novel time-domain identification technique is developed for the seismic response analysis of soil-structure interaction.A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model with eight lumped parameters is adopted to model the frequency- dependent behavior of soils.For layered soil,the equivalent eight parameters of the 2DOF model are identified by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method using recorded seismic data.The polynomial approximations for derivation of state estimators are applied in the EKF procedure.A realistic identification example is given for the layered-soil of a building site in Anchorage,Alaska in the United States.Results of the example demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed identification technique.The 2DOF soil model and the identification technique can be used for nonlinear response analysis of soil-structure interaction in the time-domain for layered or complex soil conditions.The identified parameters can be stored in a database tor use in other similar soil conditions,lfa universal database that covers information related to most soil conditions is developed in the thture,engineers could conveniently perform time history analyses of soil-structural interaction.

基于扩展现实的航空噪声数据模拟系统开发

该文是基于扩展现实技术提出的各种机型在静态和起飞状态的噪声数据模拟系统。即在虚拟场景中实现各种机型的静态试车和起飞程序,同时使用实际机型的噪声记录作为噪声源,并使用头戴显示器以双声通道实现可听化,呈现出噪声数据的可听化和在虚拟环境中的可视化。系统将使用经验公式处理数据,合成起飞状态的噪声,协助噪声适航审定程序进程更有效的进行,有利于相关部门根据对环境保护的要求,制定出航空噪声的适航规章和控制标准。

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波与机器视觉融合的道路侧向坡度估计

为解决现有算法难以准确估计前方道路侧向坡度的问题,提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)与机器视觉(VB)融合的道路侧向坡度估计方法。首先,建立含有侧向坡度的车辆2自由度模型,通过EKF估计出侧向坡度与车辆侧倾角的叠加态,由侧向加速度乘以适当增益解耦出车辆侧倾角,得到EKF道路侧向坡度估计值;其次,通过视觉成像原理分析二维图像中道路侧向坡度与图像中相关参数的几何关系,得到VB道路侧向坡度估计值;最后,通过数据融合得到最终的道路侧向坡度估计值,使估计结果冗余互补。仿真和实车试验结果表明,该融合算法能够适用于道路侧向坡度变化的坡道,并显著提高了估计精度。

基于轨迹数据的非机动车左转信号灯安全效应评估

【目的】对城市交叉口采用的左转非机动车信号灯设施进行交通安全性量化评估。【方法】提出一种基于拓展碰撞时间(extended time to collision,ETTC)指标的左转非机动车信号灯安全效应评估方法。针对现有的碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)指标不适于评估交叉口左转非机动车冲突的问题,考虑非机动车车辆尺寸与加速度对交通冲突的影响,采用拓展碰撞时间指标,评估交叉口非机动车交通冲突。收集长沙市4个信号交叉口的视频大数据,利用视频软件Tracker提取车辆微观轨迹后,开展案例分析。【结果】左转非机动车信号灯在时间上明确了非机动车的通行权,其设置能显著降低非机动车冲突率,在平峰、高峰时段非机动车冲突率分别降低了40.11%、25.27%。在直行相位末期、左转相位即将启亮时,设置组的左转非机动车在待行区等待,冲突率降为0;而对比组近50%的非机动车违规左转,冲突严重。设置左转非机动车信号灯的改善效果随非机动车流量的增大呈先增加后降低趋势,而随机动车流量的增大呈逐步波动下降趋势。【结论】本研究揭示了非机动车左转信号灯的设置对减少交叉口交通冲突的影响,可为城市交叉口非机动车交通安全管控提供有益参考。

基于IWHO-EKF的高速免耕播种机播种深度监测系统研究

为解决免耕播种机高速(12~16 km/h)作业时因地势起伏造成机械振动与传感器测量误差导致的播种深度监测系统精度降低,以及单一传感器监测可靠性较差的问题,研究了一种基于改进野马算法(Improved wild horse optimizer,IWHO)优化扩展卡尔曼滤波器(Extended Kalman filter,EKF)中关键参数Q_(sigma)、R_(sigma1)、R_(sigma2)、R_(sigma3)的多传感器数据融合算法(IWHO-EKF)的高速免耕播种机播种深度监测系统。首先,建立以激光、超声波与角度传感器为多传感器监测单元的播种深度监测模型;其次,通过卡尔曼滤波算法对3个单一传感器分别滤波;最后,提出一种加入莱维飞行与高斯变异的IWHO-EKF算法,将滤波后的3个单一传感器进行数据融合,从而解决机械振动干扰与传感器测量误差降低的问题,同时充分发挥多传感器融合信息,确保免耕播种机高速作业时实现高精度、高可靠性播种深度实时监测。为验证其优越性,通过IWHO-EKF算法与单一传感器监测、单一传感器滤波和WHO-EKF算法进行仿真对比试验与田间试验。仿真试验表明:基于IWHO-EKF的高速免耕播种机播种深度监测算法平均绝对误差为0.073 cm,均方根误差为0.090 cm,相关系数为0.983,实现了高精度监测,且精度相较于传感器原始监测值、滤波值与WHO-EKF算法均显著提升。田间试验结果表明:基于IWHO-EKF算法的高速免耕播种机播种深度监测系统相较于3个单一传感器监测值,平均绝对误差和平均均方根误差分别降低0.063 cm和0.067 cm,同时平均相关系数提升0.027,该系统能够提高播种深度监测系统的精确性和可靠性。

基于片段充电数据和DEKF-WNN-WLSTM的锂电池健康状态实时估计

实时准确地评估电动汽车锂电池健康状态(SOH)对电动汽车的稳定行驶至关重要。因此,该文提出一种基于锂电池日常片段充电数据和双扩展卡尔曼滤波-小波神经网络-小波长短时记忆神经网络(DEKF-WNN-WLSTM)的电池全充时间估计模型,进而提高了片段充电数据评估电池健康状态的准确度。首先,设计双扩展卡尔曼滤波预测-校正算法,分别用来估计片段充电数据对应的全充时间和校正扩展卡尔曼滤波的状态初值,以提高估计的准确性。然后,设计了小波神经网络-小波长短时神经网络来学习扩展卡尔曼滤波递推过程的观测值。最后,通过实验仿真,验证了所提算法在锂电池健康状态实时估算中的准确性和有效性。

基于云计算的大数据网络信息检索技术及扩展研究

随着移动互联网、物联网和社交媒体等技术的飞速发展,各种业务和应用产生了大量数据,呈现出速度快、规模大、多样化和价值密集的特点,因此对信息检索技术提出了更高的要求。但传统信息检索技术面临着巨大的挑战,尤其是在处理大规模数据时,存在着效率低、扩展性差和对用户需求理解能力有限等问题。为了快速和高效地从大数据中检索到所需信息,诸多专家开始探索基于云计算的大数据网络信息检索技术,并进行了不断的扩展和改进,以便更好地适应大数据环境下的检索需求,满足用户的个性化需要。基于此,文中就基于云计算的大数据网络信息检索技术及扩展进行了分析,以期能为大规模数据的高质量处理提供科学的参考依据。

数据驱动的闭环控制系统剩余寿命预测方法综述

随着先进传感与监测技术的快速发展,数据驱动的设备剩余寿命(RUL)预测技术已成为可靠性和自动化领域的研究前沿,并在设备运维决策中得到广泛应用,提高了设备运行的安全性、可靠性与经济性。关于数据驱动的设备剩余寿命预测方法,多数文献主要聚焦于部件级剩余寿命预测技术,并没有关注闭环控制系统剩余寿命预测技术。不同于部件级的预测,利用数据驱动的方法预测闭环控制系统剩余寿命,需要考虑控制器及反馈控制机制对系统性能退化及剩余寿命预测结果的影响。本文系统综述了数据驱动的闭环控制系统剩余寿命预测及基于预测信息的延寿控制方法的发展动态,剖析了基于Poisson过程的方法、基于Gamma过程的方法、基于Wiener过程的方法和基于混合模型方法的原理、特点与局限性。同时,对于未来数据驱动的闭环控制系统剩余寿命预测及延寿控制,在健康状态表征与综合健康指标构建、多退化部件系统剩余寿命预测及基于预测信息的延寿控制理论和验证应用等方向进行了展望。

Particle Filter Data Fusion Enhancements for MEMS-IMU/GPS

This research aims at enhancing the accuracy of navigation systems by integrating GPS and Mi-cro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based inertial measurement units (IMU). Because of the conditions re-quired by the large number of restrictions on empirical data, a conventional Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is limited to apply in navigation systems by integrating MEMS-IMU/GPS. In response to non-linear non-Gaussian dynamic models of the inertial sensors, the methods rely on a particle cloud representation of the filtering distribution which evolves through time using importance sampling and resampling ideas. Then Particle Filtering (PF) can be used to data fusion of the inertial information and real-time updates from the GPS location and speed of information accurately. The experiments show that PF as opposed to EKF is more effective in raising MEMS-IMU/GPS navigation system’s data integration accuracy.

EXTENDED SELF SIM ILARITY OF PASSIVE SCALAR IN RAYLEIGH-BNARD CONVECTION FLOW BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM

Wavelet transform is used to analyze the scaling rule of temperature data (passive scalar) in Rayleigh Bénard convection flow from two aspects. By utilizing the method of extended self similarity (ESS), one can find the obtained scaling exponent agrees well with the one obtained from the temperature data in a experiment of wind tunnel. And then we propose a newly defined formula based on wavelet transform, and can determine the scaling exponent ξ(q) of temperature data. The obtained results demonstrate that we can correctly extract ξ(q) by using the method which is named as wavelet transform maximum modulus (WTMM).

E1 Nio phenomenon in simple ocean data assimilation data

To study how the air and sea interact with each other during El Nifio/La Nifia onsets, extended associate pattern analysis （EAPA） is adopted with the simple ocean data assimilation （SODA） data. The results show that as El Niйo/La Niйa＇s parents their behaviors are quite different, there does not exist a relatively independent tropical atmosphere but does exist a relatively independent tropical Pacific Ocean because the air is heated from the bottom surface instead of the top surface and of much stronger baroclinic instability than the sea and has a very large inter-tropical convergence zone covering the most tropical Pacific Ocean. The idea that it is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from middle latitudes directly that produce the seawater eastward movement and meridional convergence in the upper levels and result in the typical E1 Nifio sea surface temperature warm signal is confirmed again.

基于Extend的物流运输组织动态仿真

为更好地优化物流运输组织模式并对运输方案进行绩效评估,利用仿真软件Extend开发物流运输组织与运输方案绩效评估系统,实现物流运输组织的动态仿真.该系统采用的变结构模式可根据实际情况灵活确定运输组织模式,实现整个物流运输组织过程的可视化,及时与该系统进行交互的实时跟踪、并行显示和数据传输.以南京到釜山的货物运输为例,说明物流运输组织的动态仿真能够解决物流运输组织模式的实时优化和对运输方案进行实时绩效评估.

基于数据驱动的大体积结构裂缝深度反演

裂缝是混凝土结构的主要病害,查明裂缝的深度能够为结构的耐久性和安全性评价提供可靠的信息,但同时也是混凝土结构检测的难点之一。提出了一种基于数据驱动的学习算法,通过考察波经过带缝结构传播的信号预测裂缝深度,采用扩展有限元法(Extended finite element methods,XFEM)和边界吸收层模型模拟了带缝大体积混凝土结构中的波传播过程,将接收点的观测信号和裂缝信息配对。基于人工神经网络的机器学习模型建立了基于XFEM数据集的裂缝深度预测模型。对于含未知裂缝信息的混凝土结构,通过测得的观测点信号,利用建立的机器学习模型实现裂缝深度的实时预测。通过2个数值算例验证了该算法的性能,结果表明所提出的数据驱动算法能够准确预测裂缝深度。

MULTISENSOR DISTRIBUTED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTERING ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION TO RADAR/IR TARGET TRACKING

A multisensor distributed extended Kalman filtering algorithm is presented for nonlinear system, in which the dynamic equation of the system and the equations of sensor’s measurements are linearized in the global estimate and global prediction respectively and the suboptimal global estimate based on all available information can be reconstructed from the estimates computed by local sensors based solely on their own local information and transmitted to the data fusion center. An analysis of the properties of the algorithm presented here shows that the global estimate has higher precision than the local one and smaller linearization error than the existing method. Finally, an application of the algorithm to radar/IR tracking of a maneuvering target is illustrated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

EXTENDED SELF SIMILARITY OF PASSIVE SCALAR IN RAYLEIGH-BNARD CONVECTION FLOW BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM

Wavetet transform was used to analyze the scaling law of temperature data (passive scalar) in Rayleigh-Bénard convection flow from two aspects. The first one was to utilize the method of extended self similarity, presented first by Benzi et al., to study the scaling exponent of temperature data. The obtained results show that the inertial range is much wider than that one determined directly from the conventional structure function, and find the obtained scaling exponent agrees well with the one obtained from the temperature data in an experiment of wind tunnel. The second one was that, by extending the formula which was proposed by A. Arneodo et al. for extracting the scaling exponent ζ(q) of velocity data to temperature data, a newly defined formula which is also based on wavelet transform, and can determine the scaling exponent ξ(q) of temperature data was proposed. The obtained results demonstrate that by using the method which is named as WTMM (wavelet transform maximum modulus) ξ(q) correctly can be extracted.

命名数据网络中基于增强隔离林的Interest包洪泛攻击检测方法

IFA是NDN中的恶意攻击之一,危害较大.针对IFA,提出基于增强隔离林的IFA检测方法,通过在构造增强隔离林的过程中区分Interest包所携带的合法前缀与异常前缀,对异常前缀进行进一步判断,从而准确地检测出恶意前缀.所提出的方法将检测出的恶意前缀列入黑名单中,限制携带恶意前缀的Interest包转发.仿真结果表明:该方法能够有效地缓解IFA.

Empirical Likelihood Based Longitudinal Data Analysis

In longitudinal data analysis, our primary interest is in the estimation of regression parameters for the marginal expectations of the longitudinal responses, and the longitudinal correlation parameters are of secondary interest. The joint likelihood function for longitudinal data is challenging, particularly due to correlated responses. Marginal models, such as generalized estimating equations (GEEs), have received much attention based on the assumption of the first two moments of the data and a working correlation structure. The confidence regions and hypothesis tests are constructed based on the asymptotic normality. This approach is sensitive to the misspecification of the variance function and the working correlation structure which may yield inefficient and inconsistent estimates leading to wrong conclusions. To overcome this problem, we propose an empirical likelihood (EL) procedure based on a set of estimating equations for the parameter of interest and discuss its characteristics and asymptotic properties. We also provide an algorithm based on EL principles for the estimation of the regression parameters and the construction of its confidence region. We have applied the proposed method in two case examples.

基于二维码的移动机器人多传感器融合定位及路径跟踪研究

本文针对移动机器人运动过程中,里程计的累计误差导致机器人定位不精确的问题,提出一种基于二维码、里程计和惯性测量单元的移动机器人多传感器融合定位及路径跟踪方法,并使用阿克曼型机器人进行实验。实验证明:该方法具有可行性,能有效地消除累计误差。

基于知识蒸馏的抽取式自动摘要模型

抽取式自动摘要任务的目标是通过抽取原文中重要的句子来构成简短的摘要,同时保留原文中重要的内容。查询导向的抽取式摘要模型则可以进一步满足用户对摘要内容的不同需求。抽取式摘要模型具有能保证摘要内容正确性和句子可读性的天然优势,在此基础上确保摘要内容的相关性和显著性则成为了模型摘要目标的关键。为了实现抽取式摘要模型既满足查询的相关性又能保证摘要内容的显著性的目的,将查询信息作为模型学习的目标,利用摘要数据集的标题和图片信息额外构建了基于查询的扩展摘要数据集,并结合知识蒸馏方法提出了基于知识蒸馏的抽取式摘要模型。在实验中采用预训练语言模型BERT作为编码器,并结合知识蒸馏理论提出了两种模型训练策略:引导训练和蒸馏训练。在公开的新闻摘要数据集CNN/DailyMail上的实验结果证明,两种训练方法都取得了显著的效果。通过实验还发现,基于引导训练的摘要模型可以有效提高摘要内容的显著性,同时基于蒸馏训练的模型在提高摘要相关性和显著性方面达到了最好的效果。