Background: Until recently, tumors of the clivus and the anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa were considered extremely difficult to access and often inoperable using standard transcranial approaches. With t...Background: Until recently, tumors of the clivus and the anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa were considered extremely difficult to access and often inoperable using standard transcranial approaches. With the introduction into the neurosurgical practice of minimally invasive methods utilizing endoscopic techniques, it became possible to effectively remove hard-to-reach tumors, including central tumors of the anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa. Methods: From 2008 to the present time, the inpatient institution has operated on 140 patients with various tumors of the base of the skull, localized to the clivus and anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa (65 men and 75 women). The age of patients ranged from 3 to 74 years. Tumor distribution according to the histopathological features was as follows: chordomas, 103 (73.57%);meningiomas, 12 (8.57%);pituitary adenomas, 9 (6.43%);fibrous dysplasia, 4 (2.86%);cholesteatoma, 3 (2.14%);craniopharyngiomas, 2 (1.43%);plasmacytomas, 2 (1.43%);and other tumors (giant cell tumor, neurohypophyseal glioma, osteoma, carcinoid, chondroma), 5 (3.57%). The tumors had the following size distribution: giant (more than 60 mm), 35 (25%);large (35–59 mm), 83 (59.3%);medium (21–35 mm), 21 (15%);and small (less than 20 mm), 1 (0.7%). In 11 cases, intraoperative monitoring of the cranial nerves was performed (21 cranial nerves were identified). Results: Upper, middle, and lower transclival approaches provide access to the anterior surface of the upper, middle, and lower neurovascular complexes of the posterior cranial fossa. The chordoma cases were distributed as follows according to extent of removal: total removal, 68 (66.02%);subtotal removal, 25 (24.27%);and partial removal, 10 (9.71%). The adenomas of the pituitary gland were removed totally in 6 cases, subtotally in 1 case and partially in 2 cases. The meningiomas were removed totally in 1 case, subtotally in 5 cases, and partially in 5 cases, with less than 50% of the tumor removed in 1 case. Other tumors (cholesteatoma, craniopharyngioma, fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor, glioma of the neurohypophysis, osteoma, plasmacytoma, carcinoid, and chondroma) were removed totally in 9 cases and subtotally in 7 cases. Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 9 cases (6.43%) and meningitis in 13 cases (9.29%). Oculomotor disorders developed in 19 patients (13.57%), 12 of which regressed during the period from 4 to 38 days after surgery, and 7 of which were permanent. In 2 cases, surgical treatment had a lethal outcome (1.43%). (Continued on next page) (Continued from previous page) Conclusion: The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach can be used to obtain access to the centrally located tumors of the posterior cranial fossa. It is an alternative to transcranial approaches in the surgical treatment of tumors of the clivus. The results of using this approach are comparable with the results of transcranial and transfacial approaches and, in some cases, surpass them in effectiveness. The extended endoscopic endonasal posterior (transclival) approach, considering its minimally invasive nature, allows fora radical and low-risk (in terms of postoperative complications and lethality) removal of various skull base tumors of central localization with the involvement and without the involvement of the clivus, which, until recently, were considered to be almost inoperable.展开更多
Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor and surgical treatment is considered to be the best treatment for most patients. The extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has been used to tre...Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor and surgical treatment is considered to be the best treatment for most patients. The extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has been used to treat increasing numbers of patients with PA in recent years. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach for PA resection. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent an EEEA to remove PA by a binostril, four-handed technique between October 2013 and April 2016 in our department. The medical information of the patients including gender, age, tumor size, hormone level, clinical outcome, and complications were collected and analyzed.Results: From a total of 593 pituitary adenoma surgeries, 171 patients (101 male and 70 female, mean age 47.4 ± 12.8 years) underwent EEEA, including 96 with functional adenomas (56.14%) and 75 with nonfunctional adenomas (43.86%). The most common symptoms were headache and vision change. Gross total resection was achieved in 126 patients (73.68%). Common complications were hyposmia or anosmia, diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, cerebral hemorrhage, and epistaxis. The mean duration of follow-up was 14.6 months (range: 6–31 months). Conclusions: The application of EEEA for PA resection by a binostril, four-handed technique provided great surgical freedom with minimal invasion, and resulted in few complications. EEEA is a secure and effective surgical method that could be used for the majority of PAs.展开更多
目的通过分析个体化三维数字模型(three-dimensional digital model,3D-DM)辅助下内镜经鼻入路对下斜坡及其相关区域解剖,探讨个体化3D-DM的应用价值。方法将血管灌注后的12例头颅标本行320排螺旋CT扫描得到DICOM格式图像导入3DView软...目的通过分析个体化三维数字模型(three-dimensional digital model,3D-DM)辅助下内镜经鼻入路对下斜坡及其相关区域解剖,探讨个体化3D-DM的应用价值。方法将血管灌注后的12例头颅标本行320排螺旋CT扫描得到DICOM格式图像导入3DView软件重建颅底骨质、血管,整合为3DDM。模拟内镜经鼻入路下斜坡骨质磨除,明确并测量相关解剖标志间的距离,并行内镜解剖,对比3DDM与实际解剖相关测量数据,计算骨质磨除的实际完成率。结果个体化3D-DM可模拟手术操作,与实体解剖所见一致。3D-DM测量与实际解剖相关测量间无统计学差异。个体化3D-DM可术前明确重要结构的部位、形态、走行及毗邻,可模拟下斜坡骨质磨除并定量测量。内镜经鼻入路可显示下斜坡双侧结构。髁上沟是下斜坡最重要的定位标志。磨除枕髁骨质,可增加侧方暴露。磨除颈静脉结节可暴露后组颅神经的远侧脑池部分。结论个体化3D-DM辅助下,内镜经鼻入路可以暴露下斜坡腹侧结构,可术前明确下斜坡的主要解剖标志及其解剖结构位置、特点和变异,为术中安全骨质磨除提供保障。展开更多
文摘Background: Until recently, tumors of the clivus and the anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa were considered extremely difficult to access and often inoperable using standard transcranial approaches. With the introduction into the neurosurgical practice of minimally invasive methods utilizing endoscopic techniques, it became possible to effectively remove hard-to-reach tumors, including central tumors of the anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa. Methods: From 2008 to the present time, the inpatient institution has operated on 140 patients with various tumors of the base of the skull, localized to the clivus and anterior region of the posterior cranial fossa (65 men and 75 women). The age of patients ranged from 3 to 74 years. Tumor distribution according to the histopathological features was as follows: chordomas, 103 (73.57%);meningiomas, 12 (8.57%);pituitary adenomas, 9 (6.43%);fibrous dysplasia, 4 (2.86%);cholesteatoma, 3 (2.14%);craniopharyngiomas, 2 (1.43%);plasmacytomas, 2 (1.43%);and other tumors (giant cell tumor, neurohypophyseal glioma, osteoma, carcinoid, chondroma), 5 (3.57%). The tumors had the following size distribution: giant (more than 60 mm), 35 (25%);large (35–59 mm), 83 (59.3%);medium (21–35 mm), 21 (15%);and small (less than 20 mm), 1 (0.7%). In 11 cases, intraoperative monitoring of the cranial nerves was performed (21 cranial nerves were identified). Results: Upper, middle, and lower transclival approaches provide access to the anterior surface of the upper, middle, and lower neurovascular complexes of the posterior cranial fossa. The chordoma cases were distributed as follows according to extent of removal: total removal, 68 (66.02%);subtotal removal, 25 (24.27%);and partial removal, 10 (9.71%). The adenomas of the pituitary gland were removed totally in 6 cases, subtotally in 1 case and partially in 2 cases. The meningiomas were removed totally in 1 case, subtotally in 5 cases, and partially in 5 cases, with less than 50% of the tumor removed in 1 case. Other tumors (cholesteatoma, craniopharyngioma, fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor, glioma of the neurohypophysis, osteoma, plasmacytoma, carcinoid, and chondroma) were removed totally in 9 cases and subtotally in 7 cases. Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 9 cases (6.43%) and meningitis in 13 cases (9.29%). Oculomotor disorders developed in 19 patients (13.57%), 12 of which regressed during the period from 4 to 38 days after surgery, and 7 of which were permanent. In 2 cases, surgical treatment had a lethal outcome (1.43%). (Continued on next page) (Continued from previous page) Conclusion: The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach can be used to obtain access to the centrally located tumors of the posterior cranial fossa. It is an alternative to transcranial approaches in the surgical treatment of tumors of the clivus. The results of using this approach are comparable with the results of transcranial and transfacial approaches and, in some cases, surpass them in effectiveness. The extended endoscopic endonasal posterior (transclival) approach, considering its minimally invasive nature, allows fora radical and low-risk (in terms of postoperative complications and lethality) removal of various skull base tumors of central localization with the involvement and without the involvement of the clivus, which, until recently, were considered to be almost inoperable.
文摘Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor and surgical treatment is considered to be the best treatment for most patients. The extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) has been used to treat increasing numbers of patients with PA in recent years. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach for PA resection. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent an EEEA to remove PA by a binostril, four-handed technique between October 2013 and April 2016 in our department. The medical information of the patients including gender, age, tumor size, hormone level, clinical outcome, and complications were collected and analyzed.Results: From a total of 593 pituitary adenoma surgeries, 171 patients (101 male and 70 female, mean age 47.4 ± 12.8 years) underwent EEEA, including 96 with functional adenomas (56.14%) and 75 with nonfunctional adenomas (43.86%). The most common symptoms were headache and vision change. Gross total resection was achieved in 126 patients (73.68%). Common complications were hyposmia or anosmia, diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, cerebral hemorrhage, and epistaxis. The mean duration of follow-up was 14.6 months (range: 6–31 months). Conclusions: The application of EEEA for PA resection by a binostril, four-handed technique provided great surgical freedom with minimal invasion, and resulted in few complications. EEEA is a secure and effective surgical method that could be used for the majority of PAs.
文摘目的通过分析个体化三维数字模型(three-dimensional digital model,3D-DM)辅助下内镜经鼻入路对下斜坡及其相关区域解剖,探讨个体化3D-DM的应用价值。方法将血管灌注后的12例头颅标本行320排螺旋CT扫描得到DICOM格式图像导入3DView软件重建颅底骨质、血管,整合为3DDM。模拟内镜经鼻入路下斜坡骨质磨除,明确并测量相关解剖标志间的距离,并行内镜解剖,对比3DDM与实际解剖相关测量数据,计算骨质磨除的实际完成率。结果个体化3D-DM可模拟手术操作,与实体解剖所见一致。3D-DM测量与实际解剖相关测量间无统计学差异。个体化3D-DM可术前明确重要结构的部位、形态、走行及毗邻,可模拟下斜坡骨质磨除并定量测量。内镜经鼻入路可显示下斜坡双侧结构。髁上沟是下斜坡最重要的定位标志。磨除枕髁骨质,可增加侧方暴露。磨除颈静脉结节可暴露后组颅神经的远侧脑池部分。结论个体化3D-DM辅助下,内镜经鼻入路可以暴露下斜坡腹侧结构,可术前明确下斜坡的主要解剖标志及其解剖结构位置、特点和变异,为术中安全骨质磨除提供保障。
