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Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a thunderstorm on June 10,2021
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作者 F.Aharonian 安琪 +270 位作者 阿西克古 白立新 白云翔 包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军 毕玉江 蔡金庭 曹喆 曹臻 常进 常劲帆 陈恩生 陈良 陈亮 陈龙 陈明君 陈玛丽 陈素弘 陈松战 陈天禄 陈学健 陈阳 程皓麟 程宁 程耀东 崔树旺 崔晓红 崔昱东 戴本忠 代洪亮 戴子高 单增罗布 D.della Volpe 段凯凯 樊军辉 范一中 范志香 方军 方堃 冯存峰 封莉 冯少辉 丰晓婷 冯有亮 高博 高川东 高林青 高启 高卫 高伟康 葛茂茂 耿利斯 龚光华 苟全补 顾旻皓 郭福来 郭俊广 郭晓磊 郭义庆 郭莹莹 韩毅昂 何会海 贺昊宁 何思乐 何新波 何钰 M.Heller 贺远强 侯超 侯贤 胡红波 胡铨 胡森 胡世聪 呼晓军 黄代绘 黄文昊 黄性涛 黄晓渊 黄勇 黄志成 季筱璐 贾焕玉 贾康 江琨 姜泽军 金敏 康明铭 柯通 D.Kuleshov 李兵兵 李澄 李骢 李飞 李海波 李会财 李华阳 李军 李剑 李捷 李凯 李文龙 李秀荣 李昕 李新 李一卓 李哲 黎卓 梁恩维 梁云峰 林苏杰 刘冰 刘成 刘栋 刘虎 刘海东 刘佳 刘江来 刘佳松 刘金艳 刘茂元 柳若愚 刘四明 刘伟 刘怡 刘以农 龙文杰 鲁睿 罗晴 吕洪魁 马伯强 马玲玲 马欣华 毛基荣 A.Masood 闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 南云程 区子维 庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远 齐孟尧 祁业情 乔冰强 秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz 邵澄宇 邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东 石京燕 宋慧超 Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬 孙秦宁 孙晓娜 孙志斌 谭柏轩 唐泽波 田文武 王博东 王超 王辉 王洪光 王建成 王界双 王利苹 王玲玉 王冉 王润娜 王为 王祥高 王祥玉 王阳 王玉东 王岩谨 王亚平 王忠海 王仲翔 王振 王铮 韦大明 魏俊杰 魏永健 文韬 吴超勇 吴含荣 武莎 吴雪峰 吴雨生 席邵强 夏捷 夏君集 项光漫 肖迪泫 肖刚 辛广广 辛玉良 邢祎 熊峥 徐东莲 徐仁新 薛良 闫大海 颜景志 杨朝文 杨冯帆 杨何文 杨佳盈 杨莉莉 杨明洁 杨睿智 杨深邦 姚玉华 姚志国 叶一锰 尹丽巧 尹娜 游晓浩 游智勇 于艳红 袁强 岳华 曾厚敦 曾婷轩 曾玮 曾宗康 查敏 翟徐徐 张彬彬 张丰 张海明 张恒英 张建立 张丽霞 张力 张路 张鹏飞 张佩佩 张瑞 张少博 张少如 张寿山 张潇 张笑鹏 张云峰 张月雷 张毅 张勇 赵兵 赵静 赵雷 赵立志 赵世平 郑福 郑应 周斌 周浩 周佳能 周平 周荣 周勋秀 祝成光 祝凤荣 朱辉 朱科军 左雄 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期193-203,共11页
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has three sub-arrays,KM2A,WCDA,and WFCTA.The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during a thunderstorm on June 10,202... The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has three sub-arrays,KM2A,WCDA,and WFCTA.The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during a thunderstorm on June 10,2021.The number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields,with a maximum fractional increase of 20%.The variations in trigger rates(increases or decreases)were found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle.The flux of secondary particles increased significantly,following a trend similar to that of shower events.To better understand the observed behavior,Monte Carlo simulations were performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A(a code based on GEANT4).We found that the experimental data(in saturated negative fields)were in good agreement with the simulations,assuming the presence of a uniform electric field of-700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level.Due to the acceleration/deceleration by the atmospheric electric field,the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold was modified,resulting in the changes in shower detection rate. 展开更多
关键词 THUNDERSTORM cosmic rays extensive air showers LHAASO-KM2A
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Small shower CORSIKA simulations
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作者 Tadeusz Wibig 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第8期153-165,共13页
Extensive Air Showers(EAS)induced by cosmic ray particles of very low energies,owing to the significantly steep cosmic ray energy spectrum,dominate the secondary particle flux measured by single detectors and small sh... Extensive Air Showers(EAS)induced by cosmic ray particles of very low energies,owing to the significantly steep cosmic ray energy spectrum,dominate the secondary particle flux measured by single detectors and small shower arrays.Such arrays connected in extended networks can be used to determine potentially interesting spatial correlations between showers,which may shed new light on the nature of ultra high-energy cosmic rays.The quantitative interpretation of showers recorded by small local arrays requires a methodology that differs from that used by ordinary large EAS arrays operating in the"knee"region and above.We present"small EAS generator,"a semi-analytical method for integrating cosmic ray spectra over energies of interest and summing over the mass spectra of primary nuclei in arbitrary detector configurations.Furthermore,we provide results on the EAS electron and muon fluxes and particle density spectra. 展开更多
关键词 cosmic rays extensive air showers simulations shower particle density spectrum small EAS array
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Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A−a performance study 被引量:2
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作者 F.Aharonian Q.An +245 位作者 Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第2期518-530,共13页
A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV.Even though the detecto... A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV.Even though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019.In this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy.We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020.With the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power.The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments.This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered. 展开更多
关键词 Γ-RAY Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays
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Design of the LHAASO detectors 被引量:2
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作者 Huihai He For the LHAASO Collaboration 《Radiation Detection Technology and Methods》 2018年第1期49-56,共8页
Introduction The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory plans to build a hybrid extensive air shower array with an area of about 1 km^(2) at an altitude of 4,410 m a.s.l.in Sichuan province,China,to explore the or... Introduction The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory plans to build a hybrid extensive air shower array with an area of about 1 km^(2) at an altitude of 4,410 m a.s.l.in Sichuan province,China,to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays.KM2A LHAASO-KM2A will detect gamma ray sources with a sensitivity of about 1%Crab Unit at 100 TeV.It covers an area of 1 km^(2) with a total of 5195 scintillation detectors.Its angular resolution reaches about 0.3 degrees,and the energy resolution is better than 25%.With the help of 1171 muon detectors,cosmic nuclei background will be rejected to a level of 10-4 at 50 TeV.The design and performances of the scintillation detectors and muon detectors are described in detail.WCDA LHAASO-WCDA focuses on surveying the northern sky for steady and transient sources from 100 GeV to 20 TeV,with a very high background rejection power and a good angular resolution.The WCDA consists of three water ponds with a total area of 78,000 m^(2),and the effective water depth is 4 m.Each water pond is divided into 5m×5m cells partitioned by black plastic curtains to prevent penetration of the light from neighboring cells.An 8-inch PMT sits at the bottom center of each cell,looking upward to collect Cherenkov light generated by shower secondary particles in water.WFCTA LHAASO-WFCTA is composed of 12 wide-field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence telescopes.Each telescope consists of a spherical light collector of about 4.7 m^(2) and focal plane camera of 32×32 pixels with a pixel size of 0.5 degree.LHAASO prototype arrays A prototype array about 1%of LHAASO has been constructed at Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory and has been in operation for more than 2 years.Its performance fully meets the design requirements.Conclusion The LHAASO detectors are designed to fulfill the physical goals in gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics.One-fourth of LHAASO will be constructed and put into operation to produce physical data by the end of 2018.The whole array will be finished in the beginning of 2021. 展开更多
关键词 Origin of cosmic rays Gamma ray astronomy extensive air shower
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