Anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment for surgical De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis release:A cadaveric study

BACKGROUND De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a disorder arising from the compression and irritation of the first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist.Patients who fail conservative treatment modalities are candidates for surgical release.However,risks with surgery include damage to the superficial radial nerve and an incomplete release due to inadequate dissection.Currently,there is a paucity of literature demonstrating the exact anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment in reference to surface anatomy.Thus,this cadaveric study was performed to determine the exact location of the first extensor compartment and to devise a reliable surgical incision to prevent complications.AIM To describe the location of the first dorsal compartment in relation to bony surface landmarks to create replicable surgical incisions.METHODS Six cadaveric forearms,including four left and two right forearm specimens were dissected.Dissections were performed by a single fellowship trained upper extremity orthopaedic surgeon.Distance of the first dorsal compartment from landmarks such as Lister’s tubercle,the wrist crease,and the radial styloid were calculated.Other variables studied included the presence of the superficial radial nerve overlying the first dorsal compartment,additional compartment subsheaths,number of abductor pollicis longus(APL)tendon slips,and the presence of a pseudo-retinaculum.RESULTS Distance from the radial most aspect of the wrist crease to the extensor retinaculum was 5.14 mm±0.80 mm.The distance from Lister’s tubercle to the distal aspect of the extensor retinaculum was 13.37 mm±2.94 mm.Lister’s tubercle to the start of the first dorsal compartment was 18.43 mm±2.01 mm.The radial styloid to the initial aspect of the extensor retinaculum measured 2.98 mm±0.99 mm.The retinaculum length longitudinally on average was 26.82 mm±3.34 mm.Four cadaveric forearms had separate extensor pollicis brevis compartments.The average number of APL tendon slips was three.A pseudo-retinaculum was present in four cadavers.Two cadavers had a superficial radial nerve that crossed over the first dorsal compartment and retinaculum proximally(7.03 mm and 13.36 mm).CONCLUSION An incision that measures 3 mm proximal from the radial styloid,2 cm radial from Lister’s tubercle,and 5 mm proximal from the radial wrist crease will safely place surgeons at the first dorsal compartment.

Extensor pollicis brevis tendon can hyperextend thumb interphalangeal joint in absence of extensor pollicis longus:Case report and review of the literature

We are reporting a case of extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture which did not require tendon transfer owing to the ability of the intact extensor pollicis brevis(EPB) to fully hyperextend the thumb interphalangeal joint. The thumb metacarpophalangeal joint was also able to be fully actively extended by the EPB. Previous anatomical studies have demonstrated that the insertional anatomy of the EPB tendon is highly variable and sometimes inserts onto the extensor hood and distal phalanx, which is likely the mechanism by which our patient was able to fully extend the thumb interphalangeal joint. Despite the potential for the EPB to extend the IP joint of the thumb, virtually all previously reported cases of extensor pollicis longus(EPL) tendon rupture had deficits of thumb IP extension requiring tendon transfer. This case highlights the potential ability of the EPB tendon to completely substitute for the function of the EPL tendon in providing thumb IP joint extension.

Anatomic relationship of extensor indicis propius and extensor digitorum communis: Implications for tendon transfer

BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.

Motor Response of Mirror Therapy after Reconstruction of Extensor Mechanism Caused by Glass Cut Injury

Treatment by mirror therapy (MT) restores motion in injured limbs without invasive procedures. This process is widely accepted for rehabilitating patients with phantom limb pain, stroke victims, or patients who need therapy after nerve damage. The procedure is specifically useful in restoring motion to the hand after surgical repairs to the extensor muscle and tendons. Mirror therapy rewires the brain by making the restored limb remember hand motions by observing the motions of a normal hand. The concept of a mirror image is that the movement of the uninjured arm forms the illusion of the same movement in the affected arm. Efforts to repeat hand movements elicit the same reaction in the affected hand in what is referred to as Hebbian learning. This case study evaluated MT’s effectiveness in motion restoration after a glass injury. This case study showed restoration of normal hand motions in a patient following surgery to repair a glass cut to the arm. Surgery repaired the lacerated extensor tendon and radial nerve. The muscle belly was repaired, and a graft fixed the nerve gap. Once the arm healed, the patient underwent rehabilitation in mirror therapy to restore normal function in his hand. After conducting mirror therapy, the pain was eliminated, and the patient restored normal function of moving the hand and finger extension. In addition, the therapy could be conducted at home without needing a professional. The effectiveness of mirror therapy was seen in the functional restoration of hand and finger movement. The process is also less complicated as it can be performed at home.

Ewings sarcoma of patella:A rare entity treated with a novel technique of extensor mechanism reconstruction using tendoachilles auto graft

We report a case of Ewings sarcoma(ES) involving the patella in a young female. ES of patella is a rare entity. The patient was presented with anterior knee pain and swelling arising from the patella. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by wide excision of the patella and reconstruction of the extensor mechanism using split tendoachilles auto graft. The patella is an uncommon site for primary or metastatic tumors of the bone. ES, though rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of swellings arising from the patella. Auto graft from the tendoachilles is a good alternative for reconstructing the extensor mechanism of the knee.

Traumatic Closed Floating Kneecap: Clinical Case about Traumatic Bipolar Tendon Rupture of Extensor Knee System

The simultaneous traumatic rupture of the patellar tendon and the quadricipital tendon is a rare lesion entity. We report the case of a bipolar rupture of the extensor knee system in a young adult following sports traumatism. Magnetic Resonance Imaging allowed the assessment of associated lesions. The management of this “floating” kneecap was surgical associated with rehabilitation. A functional assessment at 02 years of follow-up was performed. The functional prognosis is related on the one hand to the difficulties of positioning of the patella and on the other hand to the associated lesions (meniscus-ligamentous knee injuries).

A Case of Muscle Contraction-Induced Ischemic Limb Hyperemia in a Patient with Peripheral Arterial Disease during Incremental Repeat Isometric Knee Extensor Workloads

Background: To determine whether muscle contraction-induced leg blood flow (LBF) during exercise may be altered in a patient with an ischemic limb due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compared with the non-PAD limb. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male patient with intermittent claudication due to PAD in the right leg (ankle brachial pressure index, 0.69) showed complete obstruction in both common iliac arteries including internal/external segments with collaterals above the femoral artery and popliteal artery with collaterals, and in the healthy left non-PAD-leg (1.06). He attempted unilateral repeat isometric knee extensions at a target contraction rhythm with each leg at incremental contraction intensities (5%, 10%, and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] for 3 min at each intensity). Blood velocity/flow (Doppler ultrasound) in the femoral artery, blood pressure, and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were measured. Isometric thigh MVC strength pre-exercise was similar between the PAD-leg (48.0 kg) and non-PAD-leg (48.7 kg). Pre-exercise LBF (ml/min) was also similar between the PAD-leg (316) and non-PAD-leg (327). Blood pressure increases were similar during exercise. Average exercising LBF in ml/min in the last 1 min at each intensity was higher in the PAD-leg than the non-PAD-leg: 1087 vs. 471 at 5%, 2097 vs. 712 at 10%, and 2656 vs. 1517 at 30% MVC with a close positive linear relationship between LBF and %MVC in the non-PAD-leg (r = 0.999, P < 0.01), in agreement with previous findings, but less significant in the PAD-leg (r = 0.879, P = NS), indicating intense vasodilation (increasing LVC) in the PAD-leg compared with the non-PAD-leg. Conclusion: Knee extensor exercising LBF in the femoral artery was dissimilar between the PAD-leg and non-PAD-leg at the same exercise intensity, even though pre-exercising LBF was the same. Further research on the time-course in hemodynamics during leg exercise in PAD might potentially provide insight for the cardiovascular adjustment in severity of arteriosclerosis, stenosis and/or collaterals reserve.

Transfer of the extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct ulnar nerve and median nerve injured proximally:an anatomical study

Proximal or middle lesions of the ulnar or median nerves are responsible for extensive loss of hand motor function.This occurs even when the most meticulous microsurgical techniques or nerve grafts are used.Previous studies had proposed that nerve transfer was more effective than nerve grafting for nerve repair.Our hypothesis is that transfer of the posterior interosseous nerve,which contains mainly motor fibers,to the ulnar or median nerve can innervate the intrinsic muscles of hands.The present study sought to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve by transferring the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve obtained from adult cadavers.The results suggested that the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve had approximately similar diameters and number of fascicles and myelinated nerve fibers to those of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of the median nerve.These confirm the feasibility of extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve transfer for reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve.This procedure could be a novel and effective method for the functional recovery of the intrinsic muscles of hands after ulnar nerve or median nerve injury.

The Effect of Deep Friction Massage versus Stretching of Wrist Extensor Muscles in the Treatment of Patients with Tennis Elbow

Overuse injuries of the elbow and forearm are very common in athletes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of muscle stretching and deep friction massage with using wrist joint support during management of tennis elbow. This study included forty patients with tennis elbow divided into two equal groups: the first group with a mean age 38.1 ± 0.294 followed a physical therapy program in form of deep friction massage on the proximal attachment of wrist extensor muscles, the second group with a mean age 37.6 ± 0.253, submitted to stretching exercises of wrist extensors. Both of groups submitted to ultrasonic therapy with wrist splint during treatment period, three sessions per week for six weeks. Outcome measures were universal goniometer, visual analogue scale, and squeezing sphygmomanometer. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in ROM of wrist flexion and wrist extension, and handgrip in second group and it was more than in the first group while no significant difference in pain. This study showed that stretching exercise is more beneficial in the management of patients with tennis elbow.

Reliability Study on Quantitative Detection of Extensor Digi- torum Brevis Strength with Needle Electromyography and Nerve Conduction

Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study. Methods Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential(MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition. Results Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low. Conclusion There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.

闭合性指伸肌腱中央束断裂的治疗

2018年1月~2020年12月,我科采用带线锚钉联合克氏针和单纯克氏针治疗18例闭合性指伸肌腱中央束断裂患者,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本研究18例,男13例,女5例,年龄19~41岁。断裂原因:戳伤11例,挤伤23例,扭伤4例。示指6例,中指4例,环指5例,小指3例。其中9例采用带线锚钉联合克氏针治疗,9例采用单纯克氏针治疗。伤后至手术时间0.5~7.5 h。

Identification of porcine fast/slow myogenic exosomes and their regulatory effects on lipid accumulation in intramuscular adipocytes

Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.

基于颈后伸肌肌容积及颈椎矢状位参数评价浮针治疗颈型颈椎病的临床疗效

目的基于颈后伸肌肌容积及颈椎矢状位参数评价浮针治疗颈型颈椎病的效果及其与疗效的相关性。方法回顾性选择2023年1—8月收治的50例颈型颈椎病患者。所有患者均采用浮针治疗,治疗前后行颈椎核磁共振成像(MRI)和侧位X线检查。采用影像归档和通信系统(PACS)在颈椎侧位片上测量颈椎矢状位参数序列。采用Image J软件测量MRI轴向图像上C 3~7上终板的浅伸肌面积(SEA)和深伸肌面积(DEA)。测量并分析DEA与相应的颈椎体面积(CBA)之比。比较治疗前后颈椎矢状位参数及颈后伸肌肌容积的差异。采用Pearson相关分析颈后伸肌肌容积与颈椎矢状位参数和颈椎功能(JOA)评分及疗效的关系。结果相比治疗前,治疗后的颈椎矢状位参数的变化差异显著,C 2~7 SVA和C 7 S明显减小,而C 0~2 Cobb角和C 2~7 Cobb角均明显增大。相比治疗前,治疗后患者DEA/CBA比值明显增加,其中,差异最为显著的指标为C 3、C 4、C 5;C 3水平DEA/CBA比值与C 2~7 SVA(r=-0.380)和C 7 S呈弱负相关(r=-0.322),且C 4水平DEA/CBA比值与C 2~7 SVA、C 7 S呈中度负相关(r=-0.489,r=-0.477)。SEA/CBA比值与颈椎矢状位参数呈无或极弱相关。颈后伸肌肌容积及颈椎矢状位参数与JOA评分、疗效均呈正的强或中相关性关系(P<0.05)。结论浮针治疗颈型颈椎病的效果显著,颈后伸肌肌容积及颈椎矢状位参数与JOA评分、疗效均呈正的强或中相关性关系。

环跳穴治疗卒中后下肢伸肌痉挛的临床体会

本文立足于《标幽赋》“中风环跳而宜刺”理论,并结合下肢伸肌痉挛病位在经筋,脏腑归于肝肾,病性属本虚标实及阳急阴缓的病机特点,阐述环跳穴治疗卒中后下肢伸肌痉挛的理论基础,同时结合医案,总结临床体会,为环跳穴治疗卒中后下肢伸肌痉挛提高临床疗效提供临床经验。

头部电针结合屈伸肌交替经皮穴位电刺激治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡及步行能力的临床研究

目的:观察头部电针结合屈伸肌交替经皮穴位电刺激治疗脑卒中(CVA)偏瘫患者平衡及步行能力的临床疗效。方法:将60例符合纳入标准的CVA偏瘫患者作为本试验研究对象,运用随机数字表法将患者分为常规组与联合组。两组患者均给予CVA基础治疗;常规组额外给予患肢足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉、三阴交、丘墟及太冲进行电针治疗;联合组额外给予百会、病灶侧运动区和双侧平衡区进行电针治疗,同时给予患肢浮郄、殷门、血海及箕门进行屈伸肌交替经皮穴位电刺激治疗。治疗前后采用5次椅子坐立测试(5-TSST)、四阶段平衡测试(4-STB)、简明平衡评价系统测试(Brief-BESTest)、功能性步态评估(FGA)、脑卒中专用生存质量量表(SS-QOL)及表面肌电信号最大肌电幅值(MAX)对患者进行疗效评估。结果:两组患者5-TSST评分治疗后降低,4-STB评分、Brief-BESTest评分、FGA评分、SS-QOL评分及表面肌电信号MAX值治疗后均升高,治疗后两组患者各项评分组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:头部电针联合屈伸肌交替经皮穴位电刺激治疗能有效改善CVA偏瘫患者的平衡及步行能力,上下协同同步刺激疗效显著,值得临床推广。

基于多通道表面肌电探讨不同角速度下膝骨关节炎患者生物力学基础的研究

目的:应用表面肌电图观察和分析膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者股四头肌表面肌电活动。方法:采用全无线肌电测试系统评测30例KOA患者(KOA组)和30例健康受试者(CON组)在不同角速度(60°/s、90°/s、180°/s)膝关节屈伸运动等速肌力测试下,股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌的表面肌电图,并记录KOA组受试者股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌肌肉厚度与膝痛程度,以评估肌电数据和临床指标的相关性。结果:KOA患者和健康受试者在各不同角速度60°/s(P<0.001)、90°/s(P<0.01)、180°/s(P<0.01)膝关节屈伸运动中屈膝最大力矩与伸膝最大力矩均具有显著性意义,且KOA组膝关节屈伸最大力矩平均值均低于CON组。在角速度为60°/s等速肌力测试时,KOA组股外侧肌的中值频率差值率(P<0.05)、股直肌的均方根值(P<0.01)与相应对照组具有显著性意义;在角速度为90°/s等速肌力测试时,两组受试者的股直肌均方根值存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在角速度为180°/s时,两组的股直肌中值频率差值率(P<0.05)和均方根值(P<0.05)存在显著性差异。在多元线性回归与基于随机森林算法的数据回归分析中,无论是肌肉厚度还是膝痛程度,与临床指标关系最显著的肌电特征均为伸膝运动时的最大力矩。结论:KOA患者股四头肌肌力下降,需要更多的肌肉协同收缩才能完成动作,容易造成肌肉疲劳。伸膝力矩与股四头肌肌肉厚度和膝周疼痛密切相关,有望作为KOA诊断的重要指标。

灯盏花素穴位注射联合针灸对腰椎间盘突出症患者腰背伸肌群表面肌电指标及血清MMP3、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达的作用

目的探讨灯盏花素穴位注射联合针灸对腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者腰背伸肌群表面肌电指标及血清基质金属蛋白酶3(Matrix metalloproteinase 3,MMP3)、前列腺素E2(Prostaglandin E_(2),PGE_(2))、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)表达的作用。方法应用前瞻性随机对照研究方法选取2020年3月—2022年5月收治的LDH患者186例,以随机数字表法分为观察组(62例)、对照A组(62例)、对照B组(62例)。对照A组予以灯盏花素穴位注射,对照B组予以针灸,观察组予以灯盏花素穴位注射联合针灸,均治疗1个月。比较3组疗效、不良反应与治疗前、治疗1个月后疼痛程度评分(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,VAS)、日本骨科协会下腰痛功能评价表评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)、日常生活能力评分(Barthel,BI)、腰背伸肌群表面肌电指标(积分肌电值、平均功率频率)、血液流变学指标、血清免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(Immunoglobulin M,IgM)、补体C_(3)]、MMP3、PGE_(2)、IL-1β水平。结果观察组治疗1个月后总有效率93.55%(58/62)高于对照A组7742%(48/62)、对照B组80.65%(50/62)(P<0.05);3组治疗1个月后VAS评分较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照A组、对照B组,JOA、BI评分与积分肌电值、平均功率频率较治疗前增高,且观察组高于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);3组治疗1个月后全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);3组治疗1个月后血清IgG、IgM、补体C_(3)、MMP3、PGE_(2)、IL-1β水平较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);3组治疗期间不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用灯盏花素穴位注射联合针灸治疗LDH可缓解疼痛程度与腰背伸肌群疲劳程度,提升腰背伸肌群肌肉收缩性,改善腰椎功能及日常生活能力,改善血液流变学、免疫功能,下调血清MMP3、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达,疗效显著,且安全性好。

Single-fiber Electromyography in the Extensor Digitorum Communis for the Predictive Prognosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis： A Retrospective Study of 102 Cases

Background： Single-fiber electromyography （SFEMG） abnormality in the extensor digitorum communis （EDC） was reported in ocular myasthenia gravis （OMG）, which indicated subclinical involvement beyond extraocular muscles in OMG patients. The relationship between the abnormal findings of SFEMG in EDC and the probability for OMG to develop generalized myasthenia gravis （GMG） is unknown, This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive value of abnormality of SFEMG in EDC of OMG patients. Methods： One-hundred and two OMG patients underwent standard clinical diagnosis process and SFEMG test in EDC muscle when diagnosed and were clinically followed up for 5 years. The SFEMG data were compared between different clinical groups according to thymus status, onset age, and different outcome of OMG developing. Chances of progressing to GMG were compared between two different groups according to SFEMG and repetitive nerve stimulation （RNS） results, acetylcholine receptor antibody （AchRAb） titer, thymus status, and onset age. Results： Abnormal SFEMG results were observed in 84 （82.4%） patients. The mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking were higher in OMG patients than in healthy volunteers. There were no statistical differences in jitter analysis between thymoma group and non-thymoma group （P = 0.65）, or between the later OMG group and the later GMG group （P = 0.31）, including mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking. Elderly group （〉45 years old） had a higher mean jitter than younger group （t = 2.235, P = 0.028）. Total 55 OMG developed GMG, including 47 in abnormal SFEMG group while 8 in normal SFEMG group. There was no statistical difference in the conversion rates between the two groups （x^2 = 0.790, P = 0.140）. RNS abnormality, AchRab titer, or onset age had no correlation with OMG prognosis （P = 0.150, 0.070, 0.120, respectively） while thymoma did （x^2 = 0.510, P = 0.020）. Conclusion： SFEMG test in the EDC showed high abnormality in OMG, suggesting subclinical involvement other than extraocular muscles. Nevertheless, the abnormal jitter analysis did not predict the prognosis of OMG according to clinical follow-up.

Optimization design of extensor for improving locomotion efficiency of inchworm-like capsule robot

An inchworm-like capsule robot(ILCR) is a promising device for a minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases. It consists of two expanders and one extensor, the former provides a traction force by expanding the colon and the latter can elongate and retract to enable active locomotion. However, the locomotion efficiency of the ILCR can be seriously lowered by the complex colon environment featuring slippery, viscoelastic, and suspend properties, which has been a main obstacle to its clinical application. This paper aims at improving the locomotion efficiency of the ILCR by optimizing its extensor design. To do this, the locomotion resistance of the ILCR in the colon is analyzed, and complying with a requirement that the traction force must be larger than the locomotion resistance to avoid slipping, a restriction on the extensor design is obtained. Then under the restriction and with reference to the Hyperelastic model which correlates stress and strain of colon tissue, a model for analyzing the influence of the design parameters of the extensor on the locomotion efficiency of the ILCR is built. With this model, the extensor has been optimized and the optimized results have been used to guide the development of a novel extensor, which employs two pairs of lead-screws and nuts and is actuated by one motor. Ex-vivo experiment has shown that the novel extensor can improve the locomotion efficiency of an ILCR prototype by 57%, without changing its total length.

重复外周磁刺激作用于上肢不同位置对亚急性期脑卒中患者腕关节运动功能的影响:一项随机对照试验

背景腕关节运动功能障碍是脑卒中后常见遗留症,而腕关节在提高手部实用性方面具有重要作用。因此,提高患者的腕关节运动能力可以有效地促进其日常生活参与度,尽管重复外周磁刺激(rPMS)已被证明对改善该问题具有显著效果,但针对不同位点的治疗效果仍需深入探究。目的探索rPMS分别作用于伸腕肌、桡神经时对亚急性期脑卒中患者腕关节运动功能的影响。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月在福建中医药大学附属康复医院住院治疗且存在腕关节运动功能障碍的亚急性期脑卒中患者60例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(20例)、肌肉刺激组(20例)和神经刺激组(20例),对照组接受常规的康复训练,肌肉刺激组和神经刺激组分别在对照组的治疗方案上增加rPMS,且分别作用于伸腕肌和桡神经上,于干预前、后(10次治疗)分别采集伸腕肌表面肌电的积分肌电值(iEMG)、均方根植(RMS)和中位频率(MF),Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、手臂动作调查测试(ARAT)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行患侧上肢功能评估。结果干预期间由于主动要求退出试验、被迫终止试验等原因导致数据丢失2例,最终纳入对照组20例、肌肉刺激组19例、神经刺激组19例。治疗前三组患者伸腕肌表面肌电的iEMG、RMS、MF比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后肌肉刺激组、神经刺激组患者伸腕肌表面肌电的iEMG、RMS、MF高于对照组(P<0.05);神经刺激组患者伸腕肌表面肌电的iEMG、RMS、MF高于肌肉刺激组(P<0.05)。三组患者治疗后伸腕肌表面肌电的iEMG、RMS、MF均高于组内治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗前三组患者FMA-UE、ARAT、MBI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后肌肉刺激组、神经刺激组患者FMA-UE、ARAT、MBI评分高于对照组(P<0.05);神经刺激组患者FMA-UE、ARAT、MBI评分高于肌肉刺激组(P<0.05)。三组患者治疗后FMA-UE、ARAT、MBI评分均高于组内治疗前(P<0.05)。结论rPMS分别作用于伸腕肌、桡神经,对脑卒中后腕关节运动功能障碍均有改善,且作用于桡神经较伸腕肌疗效更显著。