A Research for Regional Contribution Rate of Internal Source and External Source of PM_(2.5) Based on Set Pair Analysis Method

A problem of the air pollution control in China is getting to know a regional contribution rate of internal and external source of PM2.5. In this paper,Set Pair Analysis（ SPA） method is proposed to calculate the contribution rate of PM2.5in Dongguan City. Due to geographic,meteorological factors and the low concentration of air pollutants in Qingxi area,the PM2.5in this place is mainly contributed by the regional transport of air pollutants from other inside areas of Dongguan,and less affected by the outside of Dongguan. So the concentration of PM2.5in Qingxi area can reflect the Dongguan＇s basic background concentration of PM2.5. On the basis of the basic background concentration,firstly the concentration of each pollutant components is divided into the internal part and the mixed part. Secondly using the source apportionment samples of five monitoring sites in Dongguan we can respectively construct a sample set A and an evaluation set B. Thirdly the SPA is operated onto the mixed part in terms of set B.At last the connection degree between the concentration of each pollutant components and external source and internal source will be calculated,that is the contribution rate. The research reveals that the contribution rate of internal source and external source of PM2.5in Dongguan City is 83%and 17% respectively,which roughly met expectations. This method is simple and effective and it can provide a reference for the government taking reduction measures to control PM2.5pollutants emission.

Surgical use of fire needle for connective tissue external hemorrhoids：a case report

Objective： To report a patient with connective tissue external hemorrhoids who showed beneficial efficacy after fire needle was used for cutting off the connective tissue. Methods： Burn the front end of needle on the alcohol lamp until red and cut off the connective tissue external hemorrhoids quickly and accurately. Results： The connective tissue external hemorrhoid was totally removed and the patient showed a complete recovery after one and a half-year follow up. Conclusion： Fire needle can quickly eliminate perianal connective tissue, improve pain and bleeding, promote tissue regeneration and shorten the wound healing time, which may provide us a new idea for the surgical treatment of external hemorrhoids.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of three implant-abutment interface designs

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of implant-abutment interface design in a dental implant system, using nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） method. This finite element simulation study was applied on three commonly used commercial dental implant systems： model I, the reduced-diameter 3i implant system （West Palm Beach, FL, USA） with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection; model II, the Semados implant system （Bego, Bremen, Germany） with combination of a conical （45° taper） and internal hexagonal connection; and model III, the Br,~nemark implant system （Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden） with external hexagonal connection. In simulation, a force of 170 N with 45°oblique to the longitudinal axis of the implant was loaded to the top surface of the abutment. It has been found from the strength and stiffness analysis that the 3i implant system has the lowest maximum yon Mises stress, prirlcipal stress and displacement, while the Br^nemark implant system has the highest. It was concluded from our preliminary study using nonlinear FEA that the reduced-diameter 3i implant system with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection had a better stress distribution, and produced a smaller displacement than the other two implant systems.