Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.

Combined hybrid energy storage system and transmission grid model for peak shaving based on time series operation simulation

This study proposes a combined hybrid energy storage system(HESS) and transmission grid(TG) model, and a corresponding time series operation simulation(TSOS) model is established to relieve the peak-shaving pressure of power systems under the integration of renewable energy. First, a linear model for the optimal operation of the HESS is established, which considers the different power-efficiency characteristics of the pumped storage system, electrochemical storage system, and a new type of liquid compressed air energy storage. Second, a TSOS simulation model for peak shaving is built to maximize the power entering the grid from the wind farms and HESS. Based on the proposed model, this study considers the transmission capacity of a TG. By adding the power-flow constraints of the TG, a TSOS-based HESS and TG combination model for peak shaving is established. Finally, the improved IEEE-39 and IEEE-118 bus systems were considered as examples to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.

Effect of Storage Time on Main Quality Indicators of Cotton

The quality indicators of cotton will change during storage.Taking the 5.89 million t of Xinjiang cotton from 2016 to 2021 as a sample,this paper analyzed the main fiber quality indicator data of warehouse-in and warehouse-out cotton for storage of 1.5,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,and 7.0 years.It was found that the color grade of cotton decreased with the extension of storage time.The cotton with storage time of 5.0 years mainly changed from white cotton grade 2 and white cotton grade 3 to light yellow stained cotton grade 1 and yellow stained cotton grade 1.Among them,the increase of light yellow stained cotton grade 1 was the largest,and the change to yellow stained cotton grade 1 was the largest at the storage 6.0-7.0 years.In addition,there were no significant changes in moisture regain,Micronaire value,upper half mean length,length uniformity index and fiber strength.

Effects of Cooking Temperature and Storage Time on the Quality of Macadamia Nut Oil

The purpose is to study the influence of cooking and storage habits on the quality of macadamia nut oil,so as to provide reference for macadamia nut processingenterprises and consumers.Macadamia oil was treated at 100℃,200℃,300℃,microwave heating,45℃constant temperature storage,natural light for different times,and its acid value,peroxide value,squalene,sterol and fatty acid content were detected according to the national standard method.The results showed that the acid value and peroxide value increased with time.The acid value and peroxide value of macadamia oil cooked at 300℃and stored under natural light were higher than those heated by microwave and stored at 45℃,and increased rapidly with the increase of cooking and light time.The acid value was as high as 0.77 mg/g,with an increase of 63.8%,and the peroxide value was as high as 6.18 mg/g,with an increase of 43.7%.As for squalene,it decreased in varying degrees with heating time and storage time.Squalene in macadamia oil cooked at 300℃and stored under natural light were lower than those heated by microwave and stored at 45℃constant temperature,respectively,and decreased rapidly with the increase of cooking and light time,with the reduction ranges of 38.6%and28.4%respectively;Stigmasterol was not detected in macadamia oil.But in macadamia oil the content ofβ-sitosterol was 0.132 g/100 g,and the content did not change significantly in each treatmentgroup.In the experimental treatment group,the content of fatty acids in macadamia oil had different trends.After treatment at 300℃for 20 minutes,the content of oleic acid decreased by 75.66%,the content of palmitic acid decreased by 75.28%,and thecontent of palmitic acid decreased by 74.12%.In conclusion,low temperature heating,microwave heating and storage away from light can better preserve the quality of macadamia oil,this study will provide a theoretical basisfor the rational utilization of macadamia oil as cooking oil.

Relationship between Storage Environment and Fruit Quality of a Pear Cultivar Xinli No.7 at Different Picking Time

[Objective] This study aimed to study the effects of different picking time and storage environment on fruit quality of a pear cultivar Xinlin No.7 and the relationship between storage environment and fruit quality, so as to provide a theoretical basis for storage and preservation of Xinli No.7. [Method] The fruits of Xinli NO.7 were picked up in August （optimal） and September respectively and then stored in room, cellar and freezer, respectively. The dynamics in temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, fruit weight loss rate, pericarp chlorophyll content and fruit interior quality were determined. [Result] The environment differed significantly among different storage methods. In room and cellar, the temperature showed a downward trend, and the humidity decreased after early-mid October. The CO2 concentration changed steadily, and increased rapidly in cellar after December. In freezer, the temperature and humidity changed steadily, and the CO2 concentration increased after October. The changes in quality of the fruits harvested in August and September were similar. There was a certain correlation between storage environment and fruit quality of Xinli No.7. In room and cellar, the variation trends of tem- perature and humidity were consistent with those of chlorophyll content, fruit hardness and titratable acid content with positive correlations, but were opposite from those of fruit weight loss rate, soluble solids content and soluble sugar content with negative correlations. In freezer, the CO2 concentration was closely related to the changes in fruit quality. Its variation trend was consistent with those of fruit weight loss rate and soluble solids content, but was opposite from those of pericarp chlorophyll content, fruit firmness, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content. The differences in some of the traits reached significant levels （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] With the extension of storage time, the temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration changed according to different patterns among different storage methods. The changes in fruit quality of Xinli NO.7 were related to the storage environment, especially to the temperature, to a certain extent.

Travel time and alternative configurations analysis for automated storage/retrieval systems based on geometrical method

In order to evaluate the efficiency of the automated storage/retrieval system(AS/RS)accurately,and compare different layouts of the AS/RS using mean travel time,under randomized storage conditions,an exact,geometry-based analytical model is presented.The model can be used to compute the expected single-command and dual-command travel time for a storage/retrieval(S/R)machine which can travel simultaneously horizontally and vertically as it moves along a storage aisle.The rack may be either square in time or non square in time.Additionally,the alternative layouts of the AS/RS and travel-time models are examined.Comparing with setting the I/O point at the left-lower corner of the rack,setting the I/O point at any point at the vertical edge can help enhance the efficiency of the AS/RS.

Effects of Storage Methods and Time on Content of Nutrients in Biogas Slurry of Straw

To study the effects of different storage methods and time on content of nutrients in biogas slurry of straw, two storage methods were carried out on biogas slurry between open storage and airtight storage conditions at normal atmospheric temperature. The contents of N, P, K, and organic matter in biogas slurry of straw were determined in different storage times. The results showed that： during the pro-cess of biogas slurry storage, little change occurred in the content of the organic matter while the total content of N, P, K significantly declined; up to 50 days, the total content of N, P, K reduced to nearly 80%-90%. Because the contents of N, P, K in biogas slurry reduced less in airtight storage conditions so that a better re-sult was found on airtight storage methods than open storage methods in fertilizer field of biogas slurry of straw.

Seismic assessment of unanchored steel storage tanks by endurance time method

Liquid storage tanks are essential structures that are often located in residential and industrial areas; thus an assessment of their seismic performance is an important engineering issue. In this paper, the seismic response ofunanchored steel liquid storage tanks is investigated using the endurance time （ET） dynamic analysis procedure and compared to responses obtained for anchored tanks under actual ground motions and intensifying ET records. In most cases, the results from ground motions are properly obtained with negligible differences using ET records. It is observed that uplifting of the tank base, which is closely related to the tank aspect ratio, has the greatest significance in the responses of the tank and can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using currently available ET records.

Comparison of pH Value, TBA Value, Glycogen and Lactic Acid Content in Muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire under Different Storage Time and Conditions

In order to assess the meat quality under different storage time and conditions, the pH value, TBA value, glycogen and lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire were measured. The results showed that within 10 h post slaughtering, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value and lactic acid content of Landrace, but had no significant influence on glycogen content and TBA value. On the other hand, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value of Yorkshire, but had no significant influence on glycogen, lactic acid content and TBA value. The pH values of Yorkshire at 3, 5 and 10 h post slaughtering were 5.21% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 5.64% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 5.59% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Landrace, respectively ; the lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace at 10 h post slaughtering was 56.04% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Yorkshire; the TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire at 10 h post slaughtering was 89. 19% （P 〈 0.01 ） higher than that of Landrace; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at 4℃, storage time had no significant influence on pH value and glycogen content in muscle of Landrace, but had significant influence on drip loss, lactic acid content and TBA value ; storage time had no significant influence on pH value, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, but extremely significant influence on drip loss and significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at 4℃ was 6.56% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Landrace; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post storage at 4℃ were 84.90% （P〈0.05）,78.40% （P〈0.01）, 101.87% （P〈0.05）, 83.80% （P〈0.05）, 83.59% （P〈 0.05）and67.25% （P〈0.01）higher than those of York-shire, respectively; the drip loss of Landrace at 72 h post storage and TBA value at 144 h post storage were 55.70% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 141.33 % （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at -20℃, storage time had significant influence on TBA value in muscle of Landrace, but had no significant influence on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen and lactic acid content; storage time had no significant impact on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, and had significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at - 20℃ was 5.43 % （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than that of I.andrace ; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h post storage at - 20℃ were 85.08% （ P 〈0. 05 ）, 108.66% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 72.69% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, 90.31% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 70.38% （ P 〉 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; the thawing water loss rates of Landrace at 24 and 72 h were 160.14% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 74.32% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; there was no significant difference in lactic acid content and TBA value at the same time point between Yorkshire and Landrace.

Chemical Characteristic and Sensory Evaluation of Biscuit Enriched with Wheat Germ and the Effect of Storage Time on the Sensory Properties for this Product

This work aimed at determining the maximum acceptable level of wheat germ that can be added to one of homemade biscuits in Jordan, studying some chemical and sensory properties of this product, moreover, studying the effect of storage time after two months at room temperature on the sensory parameters of this product. The results showed that the addition of wheat germ in biscuit making at level of 20% (w/w) enhanced the nutritional value by increasing protein and total mineral content, as well as decreasing fat, total carbohydrates and total calories. The acceptability of sensory characteristics was improved by this fortification immediately after preparation and during storage.

Effects of Storage Time on External and Internal Characteristics of Lutein Enriched Eggs

In this paper, the effects of storage time on the external and internal characteristics of lutein enriched eggs were studied. A total of 330 lutein eggs were stored at room temperature （30℃） for periods of 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 d, respectively. At the end of each storage period, 30 lutein eggs were evaluated for egg quality. Storage time from 0 d to 21 d did not affect the eggshell thickness, shell ratio and yolk color （P 〉 0.05）. The effect of days in storage was statistically significant on the albumen ratio and Haugh unit （P 〈 0.05）, both of which decreased with increasing days of storage. Conversely, egg water loss and the yolk ratio increased with increasing days of storage （P 〈 0.05）. At the end of storage, the lutein value in the eggs was close to the value at the beginning of storage. The results indicated that storage time did not produce an adverse effect on the eggshell thickness, shell ratio, yolk color and concentration of lutein in lutein enriched eggs.

Time-Lapse Full-Waveform Inversion Using Cross-Correlation-Based Dynamic Time Warping

Offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage(OCCUS) is regarded as a crucial technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Quantitative monitoring maps of sealed carbon dioxide are necessary in a comprehensive OCCUS project. A potential high-resolution method for the aforementioned purpose lies in the full-waveform inversion(FWI) of time-lapse seismic data. However, practical applications of FWI are severely restricted by the well-known cycle-skipping problem. A new time-lapse FWI method using cross-correlation-based dynamic time warping(CDTW) is proposed to detect changes in the subsurface property due to carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) injection and address the aforementioned issue. The proposed method, namely CDTW, which combines the advantages of cross-correlation and dynamic time warping, is employed in the automatic estimation of the discrepancy between the seismic signals simulated using the baseline/initial model and those acquired. The proposed FWI method can then back-project the estimated discrepancy to the subsurface space domain, thereby facilitating retrieval of the induced subsurface property change by taking the difference between the inverted baseline and monitor models. Numerical results on pairs of signals prove that CDTW can obtain reliable shifts under amplitude modulation and noise contamination conditions. The performance of CDTW substantially outperforms that of the conventional dynamic time warping method. The proposed time-lapse fullwaveform inversion(FWI) method is applied to the Frio-2 CO_(2) storage model. The baseline and monitor models are inverted from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. The changes in velocity due to CO_(2) injection are reconstructed by the difference between the baseline and the monitor models.

Investigating the Use of <i>Jatropha</i>Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engines by Comparing Effects of Storage Time on Its Properties with the Standard Properties of Fossil-Diesel and Properties of Quality Biodiesel

Effects of storage time on some properties of jatropha biodiesel were investigated over the storage time of 0 to 8 weeks at the temperature of 25℃. Such properties as water content and density were found to increase at the rates of 5 ppm and 14 kg/m3 per week respectively. These rates translate into property values which compare closely with the standard properties of fossil-diesel and properties of quality biodiesel. As a result, the jatropha biodiesel can be used as alternative fuel to fossil-diesel in compression ignition engines within 8 weeks of its production. However, the calorific value and flash point of the biodiesel decreased at the rate of 1.4℃ and 2.5 MJ/kg per week respectively. Although the flash point was within the acceptable level for quality biodiesel, the calorific values were abnormally higher than the values for quality biodiesel of about 38.7 MJ/kg. With the exception of the calorific values, the other properties were not reasonably affected.

Research on Reduction of Solar Power Curtailment with Grid Connected Energy Storage System Based on Time-Series Production Simulation

Due to the variable output of renewable energy (RE) generation, difficulties of dispatching RE for power system operators could not be avoided. One of possible solutions is the energy storage technology, especially the battery storage system. The large-scale energy storage system is available to support power system reliable flexibility for load following and system frequency regulation. In this paper, the bottlenecks of large-scale solar power generation dispatching and operation in Qinghai grid are discussed, and a new PV-energy storage coordinated dispatching method is proposed for reduction of PV curtailment in Qinghai. Moreover, the validation based on the time-series production simulation is provided using real data from Qinghai. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively decrease the curtailment of solar power and future vision of large-scale solar power coordinated operation with energy storage system is also presented.

Influence of Storage Time on Pollen Traits in Actinidia eriantha

We examined the influence of storage time on germinability and tube growth of freeze stored pollens collected from 25 wild male plants in Actinidia eriantha variety. Pollens were stored in freezer at - 20°C for six months and one year periods to determine changing at germinability in time. In vitro germination was conducted in certain cultural medium defined for Actinidia genus. The results showed that the germination percentages and tube lengths of genotypes decreased at the end of storage period. MH22, MH45, MH47, MH56, MH67, MH70, MH71, MH72, MH74, MH55 and MH61 genotypes were evaluated as vigor genotypes, because they maintained their viability and germination capability displaying statistically insignificant decreasing although their tube lengths significantly decreased except MH67. This investigation provided to determine some robust wild male germplasm resources in A. eriantha in point of durability of pollens against long term conservation for using at future pollination and breeding programs.

Effect of Glutathione and Storage Time on Rheological Properties of Per-proofed Frozen Dough

The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on fresh and pre-proofed frozen dough rheological properties were investigated using dynamic stress rheometry and small scale extensibility with the addition of three levels (80×10-6, 160× 10-6 and 240×10-6 GSH) and six storage times (0 and 1 day, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Three relaxation times (1, 13 and 26min) after loading the dough in the rheometer were used to determine storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli. Correlations for G’ (r=0.678 and 0.622 at 0.05, and 10Hz, respectively) and G” (r=0.699, and 0.690 at 0.05, and 10Hz, respectively) were observed with the area under the extension curve at 26 min relaxation time. The addition of GSH to fresh dough reduced G’ (16.4% to 55.9%) and G” (13.7% to 52.2%). Freezing and frozen storage caused increase in G’ and G”. The addition of GSH reduced dough strength indicated by the reduction in maximum resistance to extension (Rmax) and the ratio of maximum resistance to extensibility (Rmax/E). The reduction in Rmax across all relaxation times ranged from 16.2% to 59.4%. An increase in dough extension (E) was observed with 240×10-6 GSH at all frozen storage and rest period times. Addition of GSH caused an increase of liquid phase (30.6% to 35.3%) in fresh dough and frozen dough (10.3% to 20.7%) after one day frozen storage. Negative correlations of water content in the solid phase with dough extensibility and area under the extensibility curve were found (r=-0.594 and-0.563, respectively, p<0.001). This suggests a loss of dough extensibility and strength as the water holding capacity of the dough components changes during frozen storage.

Study on Optimal Fermentation and Storage Time of Soybean Food （Thua-Nao）in Thailand

The soybean cultivar Tadang Muangpai was used to improve the productive quality of Thua-Nao and reduce the concentration of aflatoxin to less than 20 ppb. It was conducted at CMFCRC, Chiangmai, Thailand between Dec. 2006 and Mar. 2007. Soybean was boiled for 5 hours and then fermented at different time to create natural bacterial species, mainly Bacillus spp. Thua-Nao could be stored up to 90 days after in storage. Nutritional value, food value, and microorganisms content were investigated during fermentation and storage. Also, aflatoxin content of Thua-Nao was recorded during storage. The results showed that 3 days of soybean fermentation gave the best performance of Thua-Nao in term of nutritional value （protein = 47.12%）, food value, and content of Bacillus spp. （2.78 × 10^9 CFU/g）. Without being harmed from aflatoxin, Thua-Nao could be stored not more than 23 days in normal room （Tmax. = 33.9 ℃, Tmin. = 15.8 ℃） and not more than 36 days in climate-controlled room （Tmax. = 20 ℃, Tmin. = 15 ℃）.

Optimal Maintenance Policy for a Storage System with Finite Number of Inspections

The expected cost per unit of time for a sequential inspection policy is derived. It still has some difficulties to compute an optimal sequential policy numerically, which minimizes the expected cost of a system with finite number of inspections. This paper gives the algorithm for an optimal inspection schedule and specifies the computing procedure for a Weibull distribution. Using this algorithm, optimal inspection times are computed as a numerical result. Compared with the periodic point inspection, the policies in this paper reduce the cost successfully.

Sensitivity Test and Data Analysis for Storage Reliability Assessment of Explosive Initiator

The explosive initiator is one kind of sensitivity products with long life and high reliability.In order to improve the storage reliability assessment,the method of storage reliability assessment for explosive initiator was proposed based on time series model using the sensitivity test data.In the method,the up and down test was used to estimate the distribution parameters of threshold.And an approach to design the up and down test was present to draw better estimations.Furthermore,the method of shrinkage estimation was introduced to get a better estimation of scale parameter by combining the sample information with prior information.The simulation result shows that the shrinkage estimation is better than traditional estimation under certain conditions.With the distribution parameters estimations,the time series models were used to describe the changing trends of distribution parameters along with storage time.Then for a fixed storage time,the distribution parameters were predicted based on the models.Finally,the confidence interval of storage reliability was obtained by fiducial inference.The illustrative example shows that the method is available for storage reliability assessment of the explosive initiator with high reliability.

Effect of Storage Temperature and Periods on Some Characteristics of Wheat Flour Quality

A laboratory experiment has been designed and implemented to study the effects of storage temperatures (27.5°C and 37.5°C) and storage periods (day, 3 days, 10 days, 20 days and 30 days) in normal conditions and relative humidity on the characteristics of wheat flour quality, as well as some of the chemical characteristics of flour (moisture content and ratio of wet gluten), the physical properties (color and falling number). Increasing the storage temperature from 27.5°C to 37.5°C has led to decreasing moisture content of flour stored under storage relative humidity of 38% - 70%. It has also resulted in extending the storage period from 1 day to 10 days to a decrease in moisture content of flour, and this decline has increased the storage period up to thirty days. The overlap between these two factors has been significantly affective. As the storage temperature of flour increased from 27.5°C to 37.5°C, the percentage of wet gluten has been increased too, and the storage period was extended to ten days. This has led to a significant increase in the percentage of wet gluten flour. In addition, there was a significant response to the effective overlap between the storage temperatures and periods of storage under study in this manner. Increasing the storage temperature from 27.5°C to 37.5°C has led to significantly increased values of the color of the stored flour. Besides, increasing the storage period one day more has led to decreasing the values of the color of the stored flour. However, there has been no significant change to the subsequent periods of storage. The overlap between both factors of temperature and storage periods has a significant effect on the flour color. There has been a significant decrease of the enzyme activity (the height values of the falling No.). But there is a noticeable increase to the falling No. values of the stored flour by 37.5°C when increasing the storage periods from one day to ten days and thirty days. This effect, nonetheless, has not reached the significant level.