Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle through inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 /2 pathway and cyclin D1 expression

Aim： To determine the mechanisms of glucocorticoids in inhibiting advanced prostate cancer growth. Methods： The cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer DU145 cells following dexamethasone treatment were determined by proliferation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）1/2 and expression of cyclin D1 in DU145 cells with or without glucocorticoid receptor （GR） antagonist RU486. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of GR mRNA in DU145 cells. Results： Dexamethasone significantly inhibited DU 145 cell proliferation at the G0/G1 phase. Westem blot analysis showed a dramatic reduction of ERK1/2 activity and cyclin D1 expression in dexamethasone-treated cells. The decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dexamethasone-treated cells was attenuated by GR blockade. Additionally, the effects of dexamethasone in inhibiting cyclin D1 expression were altered by GR blockade. Conclusion： Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle, and the underlying mechanisms are through the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 expression. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression is attenuated by GR blockade, suggesting that GR regulates ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 pathways. These observations suggest that dexamethasone has a potential clinical application in prostate cancer therapy.

Downregulation of Aquaporin 4 Expression through Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases1/2 Activation in Cultured Astrocytes Following Scratch-injury

Objective To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2（ERK1/2） pathway in the regulation of aquaporin 4（AQP4） expression in cultured astrocytes after scratch-injury. Methods The scratch-injury model was produced in cultured astrocytes of rat by a 10-μL plastic pipette tip. The morphological changes of astrocytes and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） leakages were observed to assess the degree of scratch-injury. AQP4 expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, and phosphorylated-ERK1/2（p-ERK1/2） expression was determined by Western blot. To explore the effect of ERK1/2 pathway on AQP4 expression in scratch-injured astrocytes, 10 μmol/L U0126（ERK1/2 inhibitor） was incubated in the medium at 30 min before the scratch-injury in some groups. Results Increases in LDH leakage were observed at 1, 12, and 24 h after scratch-injury, and AQP4 expression was reduced simultaneously. Decrease in AQP4 expression was associated with a significant increase in ERK1/2 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment with U0126 blocked both ERK1/2 activation and decrease in AQP4 expression induced by scratch-injury. Conclusion These results indicate that ERK1/2 pathway down-regulates AQP4 expression in scratch-injured astrocytes, and ERK1/2 pathway might be a novel therapeutic target in reversing the effects of astrocytes that contribute to traumatic brain edema.

SOX7靶向ERK1/2/PD-L1通路抑制结直肠癌血管生成

目的探讨性别决定区Y框蛋白7(SOX7)对结直肠癌血管生成的影响及潜在作用机制。方法应用免疫荧光检测结直肠癌患者组织样本中SOX7表达水平,之后通过裸鼠、转染SOX7 mimic的人结直肠癌细胞系SW480细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)共培养进一步研究。用Western-blot验证SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对结直肠癌细胞的相关蛋白表达的影响。用CCK8检测SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对HUVEC增殖的影响。通过体外内皮细胞成管实验测定SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对肿瘤血管生成的影响。结果SOX7在人结直肠癌组织中表达被抑制(P<0.01),同时SOX7的过表达抑制了小鼠体内肿瘤生长(P<0.01)。SW480细胞中SOX7的过表达抑制了ERK1/2、c-Jun的表达,并在ERK1/2的激动剂Senkyunolide I的作用下上调了SW480细胞的ERK1/2、c-Jun蛋白表达(P<0.01),逆转了SOX7对SW480细胞中ERK1/2、c-Jun蛋白表达的影响(P<0.01)。HUVEC中SOX7抑制了PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,Senkyunolide I上调了HUVEC的PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,并逆转了SOX7对HUVEC中上述相关蛋白表达的影响(P<0.01)。PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3抑制了PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,SOX7过表达在PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3的影响下并没有表现出抑制作用。CCK8实验结果显示SOX7过表达显著抑制了HUVEC的增殖能力,Senkyunolide I作用下的两组HUVEC增殖能力较SOX7 NC组与SOX7 mimic组明显上升,PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3作用下的两组HUVEC增殖能力较SOX7 NC组与SOX7 mimic组明显下降,以上均有明显统计学差异(P<0.01)。成管实验结果显示SOX7过表达抑制了HUVEC的血管生成,Senkyunolide I强烈加速了血管生成,而PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3血管生成则被显著抑制,以上均有明显统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论SOX7通过ERK1/2/PD-L1通路抑制结直肠肿瘤的增殖和血管生成,SOX7可能是晚期CRC患者临床治疗中潜在的抗血管生成靶点。

Time-dependent effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in focal cerebral ischemia rats

BACKGROUND： The onset of focal cerebral ischemia activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, regulates cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, and affects the normal stage and function of brain cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The effects were analyzed at different time points after intervention. DESIGN： Randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing （250±10） g were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Sun Yat-Sen University. The animal experiment was conducted with confirmed consent by the local ethics committee. The GB6805-Ⅱ electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Medical Equipment High-techno Company. METHODS： The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, from February to July 2007. All experimental animals were randomly divided into the following groups： normal group （n = 6）, sham operation group （n = 18）, model group （n = 18）, and electroacupuncture group （n = 18）. Middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was performed in the model group and electroacupuncture group. Zea Longa＇s grading standard was used to assess neurological impairment after reperfusion; animals whose grades were between l and 4 were included in this study. The normal control group was not exposed to MCAO. In sham operation animals, the right common carotid artery （CCA） was isolated, and the external carotid artery （ECA） was damaged, but no embolism was induced. The electroacupuncture group was given acupuncture on the second day after surgery. The acupoint locations were chosen according to Experimental Acupuncture （People＇s Publishing House; 1997; First Edition）. The Chengjiang, Qihai, and Guanyuan acupoints were labeled and connected to a G6805 electroacupuncture apparatus with sparse-dense waves （sparse waves were 30 Hz, dense waves were 100 Hz）, with a frequency of 6-15 V. The duration was 20 minutes. Two days after surgery, the model and sham operation groups were placed with their backs on the operating table, but they received no acupuncture. However, the normal group received acupuncture. The experimental animals under anesthesia were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 28 post-surgery. Western blot analysis was used to measure expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall. Expression was measured in the normal group at time points corresponding to the sham operation group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall at different time points after intervention. RESULTS： All 60 rats were included in the final analysis, without any loss. Seven days after MCAO, there was no significant difference in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the electroacupuncture group compared to the model group （P 〉 0.05）. However, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression significantly increased in the model group at 14 and 28 days after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Electroacupuncture at the Ren channel can enhance extracellular signal-regulated kinasesl/2 expression in the inferior region of the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. However, this effect is not apparent until 14 days after electroacupuncture intervention.

Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in endothelial cells reduces blood-brain barrier injury in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB leakage.Selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase,the negative regulatory substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase(MKP)-1,improves tight junction protein function in ECs,and genetic deletion of MKP-1 aggravates ischemic brain injury.However,whether the latter affects BBB integrity,and the cell type-specific mechanism underlying this process,remain unclear.In this study,we established an adult male mouse model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes and overexpressed MKP-1 in ECs on the injured side via lentiviral transfection before stroke.We found that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs reduced infarct volume,reduced the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2,inhibited vascular injury,and promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and memory/cognitive function.Overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs also inhibited the activation of cerebral ischemia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and the downregulation of occludin expression.Finally,to investigate the mechanism by which MKP-1 exerted these functions in ECs,we established an ischemic stroke model in vitro by depriving the primary endothelial cell of oxygen and glucose,and pharmacologically inhibited the activity of MKP-1 and ERK1/2.Our findings suggest that MKP-1 inhibition aggravates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell death,cell monolayer leakage,and downregulation of occludin expression,and that inhibiting ERK1/2 can reverse these effects.In addition,co-inhibition of MKP-1 and ERK1/2 exhibited similar effects to inhibition of ERK1/2.These findings suggest that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs can prevent ischemia-induced occludin downregulation and cell death via deactivating ERK1/2,thereby protecting the integrity of BBB,alleviating brain injury,and improving post-stroke prognosis.

MicroRNA-133b调节FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2信号通路对裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长的影响

目的探讨microRNA-133b(miR-133b)对裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长的抑制作用以及对成纤维细胞生长因子受体1-细胞外信号调节激酶1/2-性别决定区Y-box蛋白2信号通路(FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2)的影响。方法q RT-PCR检测人肺成纤维细胞、肺癌细胞株miR-133b表达。miR-133b过表达NCIH1975细胞。将NCI-H1975细胞分为对照组、mimic NC组、miR-133b mimic组、miR-133b mimic+pcDNA3.1组、miR-133b mimic+pcDNA3.1 FGFR1组。CCK-8法检测NCI-H1975细胞增殖抑制率,Transwell实验观察NCI-H1975细胞侵袭、迁移情况。复制裸鼠移植瘤模型并分组,将裸鼠分为对照组、mimic NC组、miR-133b mimic组、miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组,观察各组裸鼠肿瘤体积与重量,HE染色观察各组裸鼠肿瘤组织变化,TUNEL检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法观察裸鼠肿瘤组织Ki-67、Cyclin D1、VEGF-A的表达,Western blotting检测各组肿瘤组织FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量。结果与人肺成纤维细胞HLF-α比较,肺癌细胞株NCI-H1975、A427、NGE-1、A549中miR-133b mRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05),其中以NCI-H1975细胞中miR-133b mRNA相对表达量最低。miR-133b mimic组miR-133b mRNA相对表达量较对照组和mimic NC组升高(P<0.05)。miR-133b可通过负调控FGFR1抑制肺癌NCIH1975细胞增殖和迁移。miR-133b mimic组移植瘤重量较对照组降低、体积缩小,miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组移植瘤重量较miR-133b mimic组降低、体积缩小(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组空泡样变性程度较对照组、mimic NC组减轻(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组空泡样变性程度较miR-133b mimic组减轻(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率较对照组升高(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率较miR-133b mimic组升高(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组VEGF-A、Cyclin D、Ki-67阳性细胞比例较对照组降低(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组VEGF-A、Cyclin D、Ki-67阳性细胞比例较miR-133b mimic组降低(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量较对照组降低(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量较miR-133b mimic组降低(P<0.05)。结论miR-133b过表达可能通过抑制FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2轴,抑制裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长。

Activation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 in Sertoli cells in experimentally cryptorchid rhesus monkeys

Aim： To assess the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 （ERK1/ 2）, c-Jun N-terminal kinases （JNK） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK） in response to heat stress in the cryptorchid testis, and to investigate a possible relation to Sertoli cell dedifferentiation. Methods： Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the expression and activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the cryptorchid testis at various stages after experimental cryptorchidism. Results： The abdominal temperature did not obviously change the total ERK1/2 expression but significantly activated phospho-ERK1/2 in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Heat stress increased total JNK expression in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis but did not activate phospho-JNK. Neither total p38 nor phospho-p38 was induced by heat stress in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Changes in the spatiotemporal expression of cytokeratin 18 （CK18）, a marker of immature or undifferentiated Sertoli cells, were induced in the cryptorchid testis in a pattern similar to the activation of ERK1/2. Condusion： The activation of ERK1/2 in the testis may be related to dedifferentiation of Sertoli cells under heat stress induced by experimental cryptorchidism.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Protects Against the Development of Cardiac Remodeling via Sphingosine Kinase 2 and the S1PR2/ERK Pathway

Objective:Cardiac remodeling is a common pathological change in various cardiovascular diseases and can ultimately result in heart failure.Thus,there is an urgent need for more effective strategies to aid in cardiac protection.Our previous work found that sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)could ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether S1P could prevent cardiac fibrosis and the associated mechanisms in cardiac remodeling.Methods:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham,transverse aortic constriction(TAC)or a TAC+S1P treatment group.Results:We found that S1P treatment improved cardiac function in TAC mice and that the cardiac fibrosis ratio in the TAC+S1P group was significantly lower and was accompanied by a decrease inα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen type I(COL I)expression compared with the TAC group.We also found that one of the key S1P enzymes,sphingosine kinase 2(SphK2),which was mainly distributed in cytoblasts,was downregulated in the cardiac remodeling case and recovered after S1P treatment in vivo and in vitro.In addition,our in vitro results showed that S1P treatment activated extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)phosphorylation mainly through the S1P receptor 2(S1PR2)and spurred p-ERK transposition from the cytoplasm to cytoblast in H9c2 cells exposed to phenylephrine.Conclusion:These findings suggest that SphK2 and the S1PR2/ERK pathway may participate in the anti-remodeling effect of S1P on the heart.This work therefore uncovers a novel potential therapy for the prevention of cardiac remodeling.

CX3CR1对创伤性骨髓炎大鼠骨骼肌微纤维、ERK/MAPK信号通路及炎症反应的影响

目的探索CX3CR1对创伤性骨髓炎大鼠骨骼肌微纤维、ERK/MAPK信号通路及炎症反应的影响。方法选取30只SPF级SD雄性大鼠,依据随机数字表法分为健康组、模型组、CX3CR1抑制组,每组10只。除健康组外,其余各组均建立创伤性骨髓炎模型。其中健康组、模型组大鼠均每日常规腹腔注射生理盐水,CX3CR1干预组向残腔内注射CX3CR1中和抗体进行处理。采用ELISA法检测血清中IL-6、IL-10、IL-1β、TGF-β水平,应用改良X线Norden评分检测骨骼肌微纤维,HE染色观察病理变化,免疫印迹及PCR检测股骨组织中细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular regulated protein kinase,ERK1/2)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)蛋白及mRNA表达。结果与健康组比较,模型组TGF-β、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-6等炎症因子含量均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组炎症因子含量降低(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组随时间推移X线Norden评分升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组X线Norden评分降低(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,健康组骨质完好;模型组可见大量炎性细胞浸润、灶性脓肿及坏死灶;CX3CR1抑制组大鼠的骨质明显改善,炎症反应降低。与健康组比较,模型组ERK1/2、MAPK蛋白及mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组ERK1/2、MAPK蛋白及mRNA表达降低(P<0.05)。结论抑制CX3CR1可改善创伤性骨髓炎大鼠的疾病反应,可能与降低炎症反应、ERK/MAPK信号通路以及改善骨骼肌微纤维相关。

2型糖尿病合并结直肠癌患者癌组织中Ras ERK1/2蛋白表达及意义

目的:研究目的通过检测2型糖尿病合并结直肠癌中Ras-ERK1/2信号表达水平,分析它们与淋巴结转移的关系及其与生存状况的相关性。方法:选择石家庄市人民医院2019年3月到2021年1月期间行结肠癌手术治疗患者59例,按是否同时伴发糖尿病,分为糖尿病组(n=29)和非糖尿病组(n=30)。通过免疫组织化学方法检测两组患者手术切除的癌组织中Ras、ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平。运用Log-rank法分析不同表达情况下淋巴结转移的差异。所有患者随访36个月,统计并比较两组间患者的生存情况,采用spearman相关性分析法分析Ras、ERK1/2表达与生存期相关性。结果:Ras、ERK1/2在结直肠癌组和结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病中均有表达,且主要集中在癌细胞浆中;与非糖尿病组相比,结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病组中Ras、ERK1/2阳性表达率显著升高(P<0.05);结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病组患者淋巴结转移率较单纯结直肠癌组明显升高(P<0.05);与Ras、ERK1/2阴性表达组相比,Ras、ERK1/2阳性表达组患者的淋巴结转移率明显升高(P<0.05)。经spearman相关性分析结果显示,结直肠癌患者Ras、ERK1/2蛋白表达与中位生存时间呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:Ras-ERK1/2蛋白阳性表达与淋巴结转移正相关,与患者生存期呈负相关,可将其作为早期诊断结直肠癌、判断预后的重要靶点。

PMS2通过ERK/ERCC1通路对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨减数分裂后分离蛋白2(PMS2)表达对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响,阐明PMS2与切除修复交叉互补组1(ERCC1)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)信号转导通路的关系。方法:将PMS2 siRNA质粒和PMS2过表达质粒分别转染入结肠癌SW480细胞(分别为PMS2敲减组和PMS2过表达组),同时设PMS2敲减对照组(siRNA-NC组)和PMS2过表达对照组(PMS2 control组)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组细胞中PMS2 mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组细胞中PMS2蛋白表达水平,CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖活性,细胞划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移率,Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞中侵袭细胞数,流式细胞术检测顺铂作用后各组细胞凋亡率。通过String数据库,对PMS2、ERCC1和ERK上下游蛋白的关系进行生物信息学分析。SW480细胞分别采用3条siRNA进行PMS2和ERCC1敲减,采用RT-qPCR法验证PMS2与ERCC1的相互作用,采用Western blotting法检测各组细胞中PMS2、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)蛋白表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR法和Western blotting法检测,PMS2基因敲减和过表达细胞模型构建成功。与siRNA-NC组比较,PMS2敲减组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),侵袭细胞数明显增加(P<0.01),顺铂作用后细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.01);与PMS2 control组比较,PMS2过表达组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.01),侵袭细胞数明显减少(P<0.01),顺铂作用后细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01)。蛋白-蛋白互作(PPI)富集P值为2.09e-07,包含ERCC1和ERK1/2等相互作用节点数共有13个,提示PMS2、ERCC1和ERK1/2之间可能存在调控作用。与siRNA-NC组比较,各PMS2敲减组细胞中ERCC1 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与siERCC1-NC组比较,各ERCC1敲减组细胞中PMS2 mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与siRNA-NC组比较,PMS2敲减组细胞中PMS2、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与PMS2 control组比较,PMS2过表达组细胞中PMS2、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:PMS2表达可影响结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和抗凋亡能力。PMS2与ERCC1存在互相作用关系,并可通过调节ERCC1参与ERK信号转导通路。

ERK信号转导通路在CXCL12促进子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭中的作用

目的:探讨趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4(CXCL12/CXCR4)生物学轴通过细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号转导通路发挥促子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭的作用。方法:应用外源性CXCL12处理子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株,通过Western blotting检测不同时间位点ERK1/2的磷酸化水平和Survivin蛋白的表达;通过ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中MMP-2的分泌水平。同时分析AMD3100和PD98059对细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平、Survivin蛋白水平和MMP-2分泌水平的影响。结果:外源性CXCL12刺激后,可迅速上调ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(t=0.887,P<0.01),促进Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达(t=0.861,P<0.01;t=0.297,P<0.01),且三者均呈时间依赖性。PD98059和AMD3100均能明显抑制外源性CXCL12诱导后ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,而且在两者共同作用下,能完全抑制ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,阻断ERK通路的激活,下调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达。结论:CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴通过激活ERK通路上调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白表达,从而引发Ishikawa细胞一系列增殖和侵袭的生物学效应。

氢溴酸樟柳碱对急性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡及ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响

目的:研究氢溴酸樟柳碱对急性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡及细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)磷酸化(p-ERK1/2)水平的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性对照组(尼莫地平1.0 mg/kg)和氢溴酸樟柳碱高、中、低、极低剂量组(1.2、0.6、0.3、0.15 mg/kg),每组8只,采用线栓法建立大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。分别于脑缺血2 h和再灌注6 h时对各组大鼠尾iv给药1次,再灌注22 h后检测各组大鼠脑组织三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性、Ca^(2+)含量、细胞凋亡情况、脑组织中p-ERK1/2蛋白表达和p-ERK1/2/总ERK1/2(t-ERK1/2)比例。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织ATP酶活性明显降低、Ca^(2+)含量明显增加、凋亡细胞密度明显增加,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠脑组织凋亡细胞密度均明显减小,阳性对照组和氢溴酸樟柳碱高、低剂量组大鼠脑组织Ca^(2+)含量均明显降低,氢溴酸樟柳碱高、低、极低剂量组大鼠脑组织中p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2比例均明显增加,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);其余差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氢溴酸樟柳碱能抑制急性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活ERK1/2信号通路和调节ATP酶活性,进而降低脑组织Ca^(2+)含量有关。

黄连素抑制ERK1/2途径减轻大气细颗粒物对EA.hy926内皮细胞损伤的研究

目的:探讨大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对EA.hy926型人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤及黄连素的保护作用及其机制。方法:采集大气PM2.5并分别以0、20、200、400 mg/L染毒EA.hy926细胞24 h,MTT法检测细胞存活率、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、Western blot法检测p-ERK1/2、BAX、BCL-2蛋白表达,ELISA法测IL-6、TNF-α、MDA含量及SOD、LDH活性;分别加入黄连素(10、50、100μmol/L)和ERK1/2通路特异性阻滞剂PD98059 20μmol/L检测黄连素的干预作用。结果:与对照组比较,PM2.5染毒后呈剂量依赖性降低细胞存活率,并上调p-ERK1/2蛋白水平及BAX/BCL-2蛋白比率以促进细胞凋亡、诱导分泌IL-6、TNF-α及升高MDA含量、降低SOD活性、升高LDH活性(P<0.05);黄连素呈剂量依赖性升高PM2.5作用下细胞存活率、下调p-ERK1/2蛋白水平及BAX/BCL-2蛋白比率以抑制细胞凋亡、降低IL-6、TNF-α及MDA含量、升高SOD活性、降低LDH活性(P<0.05)。结论:黄连素能通过抑制ERK1/2通路,减轻PM2.5对EA.hy926细胞的损伤。

紫草素抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB通路对大鼠心房颤动的改善作用

目的探讨紫草素通过细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)介导心肌细胞纤维化对大鼠心房颤动(简称房颤)的改善作用。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、紫草素组,每组10只。紫草素组大鼠以4 mg/kg紫草素灌胃给药,正常对照组和模型组大鼠等量生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d;除正常对照组外,其余组大鼠按照1 ml/kg的剂量尾静脉注射乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(ACh-CaCl2)混合液1次/d、连续7 d建立房颤模型,正常对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水,7 d后取材。心电图检测各组大鼠房颤诱发时间和持续时间;超声心动图检测各组大鼠心功能;HE染色观察各组大鼠心肌组织病理学改变;Masson染色检测各组大鼠心肌组织胶原面积百分比;Western blotting检测各组大鼠胶原蛋白Ⅰ(ColⅠ)、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达情况。结果正常对照组大鼠心肌细胞排列致密、整齐;模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱、肥大、间隙增宽;紫草素组大鼠心肌细胞形态和结构较模型组有所改善。与正常对照组比较,模型组及紫草素组大鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)降低,左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVEED)增高,胶原面积百分比增加,ColⅠ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,紫草素组大鼠房颤诱发时间延长、持续时间缩短,LVEF、LVFS升高,LVESD、LVEED缩短,胶原面积百分比减小,ColⅠ、p-ERK1/2和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论紫草素可能通过抑制ERK1/2-NF-κB信号通路而减轻心肌纤维化,抑制房颤的发生,并改善心功能。

ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路在TNF-α对牙周膜干细胞成骨分化影响中的作用

目的:探讨ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路在TNF-α对牙周膜干细胞成骨分化影响中的作用。方法:分离和培养牙周膜干细胞,将其分为对照组(成骨诱导液培养)、TNF-α组(成骨诱导液培养+TNF-α培养)和激动剂组(成骨诱导液培养+TNF-α+ERK培养)。ALP和茜素红染色测定成骨分化功能,采用Western blot测定牙周膜干细胞Osterix、OPN、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、Runx2蛋白水平。结果:与对照组比较,TNF-α组ALP染色和茜素红染色程度低,ALP活性和矿化结节降低(P<0.05),Osterix和OPN蛋白水平降低(P<0.05),p-ERK1/2、Runx2蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与TNF-α组比较,激动剂组ALP染色和茜素红染色程度介于对照组和TNF-α组之间,ALP活性和矿化结节升高(P<0.05),Osterix和OPN蛋白水平升高(P<0.05),p-ERK1/2、Runx2蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。三组牙周膜干细胞ERK1/2蛋白水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:TNF-α可能通过影响ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路从而抑制牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化。

ERK1/2信号转导通路参与冠心病致心肌炎症的机制

目的探讨细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)1/2信号转导通路参与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)致心肌炎症的机制。方法 45例尸检病例分为3组:冠心病死亡组、冠心病组、对照组(每组15例)。HE染色和免疫组织化学染色白细胞共同抗原(CD45)并观察心肌组织炎症细胞浸润情况;免疫组织化学染色和Western blot检测心肌组织的总ERK 1/2(t-ERK1/2)和磷酸化ERK 1/2(p-ERK1/2)的蛋白表达及分布;荧光定量RT-PCR分析肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α表达水平;应用电泳迁移率转变分析(EMSA)评价核因子(NF)-κB的活性。结果与冠心病组、对照组比较,冠心病死亡组心肌炎症细胞数、心肌组织p-ERK1/2蛋白表达、TNF-αm RNA表达及NF-κB活性明显增高(均P<0.05)。Western blot检测冠心病死亡组p-ERK1/2和TNF-αm RNA、心肌炎细胞计数均呈正相关(r分别为0.675、0.893,均P<0.01)。结论 ERK1/2信号转导通路激活是冠心病致心肌炎症反应的重要机制,抑制ERK1/2信号转导通路可能成为冠心病防治的潜在新靶点。

羟氯喹促进ERK1/2磷酸化减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤

目的:探讨羟氯喹(hydroxychloroquine,HCQ)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将健康雄性SD大鼠72只分为6组:对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、低剂量羟氯喹预处理组(HCQ250组)、中剂量羟氯喹预处理组(HCQ500组)、高剂量羟氯喹预处理组(HCQ1000组)和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2,ERK1/2)抑制剂U0126预处理组(U0126组),每组均为12只。采用线栓法行短暂性大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)建立大鼠缺血性脑卒中模型。I/R组行MCAO后2 h再灌注,HCQ250组、HCQ500组、HCQ1000组和U0126组分别在MCAO前72 h、48 h和24 h经侧脑室注射8μL 250、500、1 000和1 000μmol/L HCQ,其中U0126组在每次注射1 000μmol/L HCQ后12 h再经侧脑室注射8μL 1 000μmol/L U0126;对照组不栓塞大脑中动脉,其余处理同I/R组。再灌注6 h时将每组一半大鼠断头取脑,采用蛋白质印迹法检测缺血半暗带脑组织ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、抗凋亡因子Bcl-2和促凋亡因子cleaved caspase-3、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(c AMP-response element binding protein,CREB)、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)和磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)的表达;再灌注24 h时采用神经功能缺陷评分量表检测剩余大鼠的神经功能,再断头取脑后采用2%TTC染色测量脑梗死体积。结果:与对照组比较,其余5组神经功能缺陷评分显著降低,脑梗死体积明显增大,p-ERK1/2、cleaved caspase-3、p-CREB和p-Akt表达显著增高,Bcl-2表达降明显低(P均<0. 05);与I/R组比较,HCQ250组、HCQ500组、HCQ1000组神经功能缺陷评分明显升高,脑梗死体积显著减少,pERK1/2、Bcl-2、p-CREB、p-Akt表达明显增高,cleaved caspase-3表达降低明显(P均<0. 05);与HCQ1000组比较,U0126组神经功能缺陷评分明显降低,脑梗死体积显著增大,p-ERK1/2、Bcl-2、p-CREB和p-Akt表达降低显著,cleaved caspase-3表达明显增高(P均<0. 05)。结论:羟氯喹可能通过CREB/Akt信号通路促进p-ERK1/2表达,参与大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时的内源性保护机制。

北五味子多糖通过ERK1/2通路对AngⅡ诱导的心肌成纤维细胞增殖的作用机制

目的观察北五味子多糖(polysaccharide of Schisandra chinensis,SCP)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)诱导的心肌成纤维细胞(CFb)增殖作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法以培养的新生Wistar大鼠乳鼠CFb为实验模型,实验分为对照组、模型组、3个药物剂量组.采用胰酶消化、差速贴壁法培养CFb;四氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测CFb增殖;羟脯氨酸(Hyp)法测定胶原含量;分光光度计测定CFb中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)水平;硝酸还原酶法和分光光度法分别测定不同干预条件下CFb培养液中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及一氧化氮(NO)水平;免疫组化技术检测CFb中细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)蛋白表达.结果SCP能够显著抑制AngⅡ诱导的CFb增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低Hyp含量,提高SOD活力,降低MDA水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),提高NOS活性及NO水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),减低ERK1/2蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论SCP可通过抑制ERK1/2信号通路提高NOS活性,并升高NO水平,增强抗AngⅡ诱导的CFb增殖能力.

丹参酮Ⅱ_A对脂多糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤及ERK/Nrf2/HO-1通路的影响

目的:探究丹参酮ⅡA(TanⅡA)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤的作用,及其潜在的分子作用机制。方法:TanⅡA(5,10,20μmol·L^-1)处理大鼠H9c2心肌细胞,10μg·ml^-1LPS诱导建立心肌细胞损伤模型。CCK8法检测H9c2心肌细胞增殖情况。流式细胞术检测H9c2心肌细胞凋亡情况,蛋白免疫印迹(WB)检测H9c2心肌细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、磷酸化细胞外调节激酶(p-ERK)、核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)蛋白水平,荧光法检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,LPS模型组细胞增殖能力、p-ERK、核内Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平降低,细胞凋亡率、核外Nrf2、ROS表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组相比,TanⅡ_A低剂量组细胞增殖、p-ERK、核内Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平升高,细胞凋亡率、核外Nrf2蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);TanⅡA中、高剂量组细胞增殖、p-ERK、核内Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平升高,细胞凋亡率、核外Nrf2、ROS表达水平降低(P<0.05)。各组EPK差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TanⅡA对LPS诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤具有保护作用,可能通过激活ERK/Nrf2/HO-1通路信号实现,为TanⅡA应用于LPS诱导的心肌细胞损伤治疗提供一定的参考依据。