Extraction Process and Quality Standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.

Extraction of Liver Capsule from High-Frequency Ultrasound Images via Drift Iterative Search Algorithm

Aiming at the prior medical knowledge that hepatic ascites only occurs in the severe period of liver cirrhosis, and the severe rupture of the liver capsule curve, when ascites occurs visually, can easily lead to the wrong location of the liver capsule, a transposed grayscale statistical threshold method is proposed to solve the problem. Realize the identification of liver ascites. By analyzing the visual characteristics of the liver image, the gray value of the upper half of the ultrasound image is counted column by column from a mathematical point of view, the gray distribution curve is drawn, and the relevant threshold is set for corresponding judgment. At the same time, the gray value above the ascites detection boundary is set to zero. The ablation experiment proved that the ascites detection method and post-processing operation proposed in this paper provide effective support for the precise positioning of the liver capsule curve, quantitative analysis and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in the later stage. The Hessian matrix is sensitive to linear structure to achieve image enhancement. In view of the low accuracy of the existing liver envelope curve detection method and the incomplete quantitative evaluation of liver cirrhosis, it is proposed to use drift iteration under the synergistic effect of multiple filters. A search algorithm extracts the liver capsule.

Pharmacokinetic Study on Lovastatin Sustained-release Tablet and Sustained-release Capsule in Begal Dogs

This study pharmacokinetically examined the lovastatin sustained-release tablet and sustained-release capsule in Beagle dogs. An reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the determination of lovastatin in Beagle dog plasma. Pharmacokinetic findings were compared among three preparation(lovastatin sustained-release tablet,T p; sustained-release capsule,T J and conventional capsule). Our results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters in 6 dogs after single-dose oral administration of three perparations were calculated. T max, C max and MRT revealed significant difference (P<0.05). Relative bioavailability was 111.5±16.9 % (T P) and 110.4%±9.6 % (T J). The pharmacokinetic parameters in the 6 dogs after multiple-dose oral administration of three perparations, T max, C max MRT and DF had significant difference (P<0.05); C av , C min and AUC 0-24 h displayed no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that the lovastatin sustained-release tablet and sustained-release capsule are able to maintain a sustained-release for 24 h.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Zihua Qinghuo Capsule by Orthogonal Test

With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.

Preparation technology of Naoxueling capsules

Objective To optimize the preparation of the Naoxueling capsules.Methods To optimize the extraction of the Naoxueling prescription successively with alcohol and water,several principal ingredients in the final extracts were evaluated and data were analyzed by the orthogonal test.The capsule-molding process was investigated by measuring the angle of repose and the moisture absorption percentage.Results The optimum process of the alcohol extraction was the refluxing of herbs first in twelve-fold volume of 75% ethanol for 2 h,then in eight-fold volume of 75% ethanol for 1.5 h,and finally in seven-fold volume of 75% ethanol for 0.5 h.Meanwhile,the best water extraction was performed by boiling samples in twelve-fold amount of water for 2 h followed by another 1 h in eight-fold amount of water.To mold the capsule,the appropriate ratio of micro-powder to dextrin was 20:1.Conclusion The preparation technology of the Naoxueling capsules is reasonable and feasible,which provides evidences for the industrial manufacture.

Oyster Extract Capsule

Oyster extract capsules produced by the Shenzhen Neptunus Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. is a natural marine tonicprepared from extracting the essence of fresh oysters using a special biological technique. It contains taurine, all essential amino acids, glycogen, vitamins, protein metabolism and trace elements. Oyster extract which is effective in suppressing

改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

目前许多基于卷积网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法受噪声信号以及负荷变化的影响,存在诊断效果不佳、泛化能力差的问题。针对此问题提出一种改进卷积胶囊网络的滚动轴承变工况故障诊断方法。该方法设计了多尺度非对称卷积模块,其中采用不同尺度的非对称卷积层对输入数据进行特征提取,在实现最大化提取数据中的特征信息的同时,还能够有效减少参数量;在该模块中引入通道注意力机制,能更好地提取有用的通道特征,提高该方法特征提取的能力;通过将网络中的全连接层改进为胶囊全连接层,使得胶囊在输出向量特征信息时,避免了特征信息在空间中的丢失。使用凯斯西储大学轴承数据集和东南大学变速箱数据集来验证所提方法的诊断性能,并与其他深度学习方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,与其他深度学习方法相比,具有较好的泛化性,效果更佳。

复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆

目的探讨复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆的临床疗效及对患者各临床检测指标的影响。方法选择2022年9月-2023年5月收治的轻中度血管性痴呆患者140例,随机分为对照与治疗组,各70例。对照组给予银杏叶提取物注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗。比较2组临床疗效结果,治疗前后认知、神经功能、精神行为症状、血液流变学、血流动力学、应激反应指标、血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)水平变化,比较2组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组治疗6个月后临床疗效总有效率(95.71%,67/70)高于对照组(78.57%,55/70)(P<0.05)。2组治疗6个月后MMSE评分、大脑前动脉平均血流速度、中动脉平均血流速度及血清SOD、VEGF、BDNF水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05);2组治疗6个月后NIHSS、NPI-Q评分、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度及血清MDA、Caspase-12、CRP78、MMP-9、MMP-2水平代于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆患者临床疗效较好,安全性较高。

生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠睡眠的促进作用及其安全性研究

为了研究生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠睡眠的作用并对其毒理安全性进行评价,本试验以低[200 mg/(kg·bw)]、中[400 mg/(kg·bw)]、高[800 mg/(kg·bw)]剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊连续给小鼠灌胃30 d,通过直接诱导睡眠试验、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间试验、戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠试验,以及小鼠脑组织中5羟色胺(5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和多巴胺(DA)含量的检测,分析其改善睡眠的作用;以最大给药剂量试验(MTD)进行生地百合西洋参胶囊的小鼠急性毒性试验;以低[1 g/(kg·bw)]、中[2 g/(kg·bw)]、高[4 g/(kg·bw)]剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊给大鼠连续灌胃30 d,评价其对大鼠的毒理安全性。结果显示,与对照组相比,生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠无直接诱导睡眠作用,不同剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊均能显著延长小鼠的戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间(P<0.05或P<0.01),中、高剂量组小鼠的催眠入睡率显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),小鼠脑组织中5-HT和GABA的含量显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),高剂量组小鼠脑组织中DA的含量显著降低(P<0.05);以15 g/(kg·bw)剂量给小鼠灌胃生地百合西洋参胶囊14 d,小鼠均未出现死亡和中毒现象。大鼠在30 d喂养试验期间生长状况良好,各剂量组大鼠的体重增长量、进食量、食物利用率、血常规、血液生化和脏器系数等指标均与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,生地百合西洋参胶囊具有改善小鼠睡眠的作用,其作用机制与对小鼠脑组织中5-HT、GABA和DA含量的调节有关,本试验所用剂量范围对大鼠和小鼠均无明显毒性,安全性良好。本试验结果可为生地百合西洋参胶囊的临床应用提供参考依据。

基于改进的时频自适应胶囊网络轴承故障诊断方法

轴承是保障旋转机械安全运行的关键部件,传统的故障诊断方法在轴承复杂多变的运行环境中故障特征提取难且识别难度大。为此,提出了一种基于改进的时频自适应胶囊网络轴承故障诊断方法。首先,将一维原始振动信号通过EEMD-HHT特征增强方法转化为复合时频结构数据,增强非平稳信号特征的可分性;然后,改进原胶囊网络卷积层,用于自适应深度提取振动信号的时频结构特征;最后,针对卷积神经网络的平移不变性引入胶囊层,采用动态路由算法学习储存特征信息,并实现故障类型智能诊断。试验结果表明,所提方法较现有方法具有更强的故障敏感特征挖掘能力、更高的诊断精度及工况自适应能力。

基于双分支特征提取和自适应胶囊网络的DGA域名检测方法

面向域名生成算法(domain generation algorithm,DGA)的域名检测方法普遍具有特征提取能力弱、特征信息压缩比高等特点,这导致特征信息丢失、特征结构破坏以及域名检测效果较差等诸多不足.针对上述问题,提出一种基于双分支特征提取和自适应胶囊网络的DGA域名检测方法.首先,通过样本清洗和字典构建重构原始样本并生成重构样本集;其次,通过双分支特征提取网络处理重构样本,在其中,利用切片金字塔网络提取域名局部特征,利用Transformer提取域名全局特征,并利用轻量级注意力融合不同层次的域名特征;然后,利用自适应胶囊网络计算域名特征图的重要度系数,将域名文本特征转换为向量域名特征,并通过特征转移计算基于文本特征的域名分类概率;同时,利用多层感知机处理域名统计特征,以此计算基于统计特征的域名分类概率;最后,通过合并得到的两种不同视角的域名分类概率进行域名检测.大量的实验表明,所提方法在DGA域名检测以及DGA域名家族检测分类方面均取得了当前领先的检测效果.在DGA域名检测中,F1分数提升了0.76%-5.57%;在DGA域名家族检测分类中,F1分数(宏平均)提升了1.79%-3.68%.

芪七连胶囊两种不同制备工艺对剂型成型的影响及药效评价研究

目的:改进芪七连胶囊的提取工艺和制备工艺,并进行药效学评价。方法:以粒度分布、休止角、吸湿率、胶囊的装量差异为评价指标,对比两种制备工艺(乙醇回流提取法和水煎法)对芪七连胶囊成型的影响,并以自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为模型,对所得的芪七连胶囊成品的降压和血管内皮保护作用进行评价。结果:分别以10倍量、8倍量的50%乙醇回流提取方中黄芪、黄连、黄柏、蒲黄、杜仲、钩藤药材2次,第1次2 h,第2次1 h,减压干燥后加入三七细粉,制粒后填充胶囊。其粒度分布、休止角、吸湿率、胶囊的装量差异均优于原工艺(水煎法)。药效学实验表明,新工艺所制芪七连胶囊成品,给与临床使用量,可明显降低SHR大鼠的血压,且具有保护血管内皮细胞作用,其药效优于原工艺成品(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:新工艺的制备工艺可行、稳定,所制得成品具有明显的降压及保护血管内皮的作用。

AHP-CRITIC法结合正交设计优选芪术平喘止汗胶囊水提取工艺

目的优选芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺,为其进一步开发提供参考。方法以总多糖、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷含量和出膏率为评价指标,采用层次分析(AHP)法、基于指标相关性的权重赋权系数(CRITIC)法以及AHP-CRITIC混合加权法来确定处方中各指标的权重系数,结合正交试验结果优选出芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺参数。结果最终优选出的芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺条件为:加8倍量水加热回流提取3次,每次1.0 h。结论AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观且真实,可以更全面地反映处方的配伍信息,优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行,重复性良好,可为其后续研究与开发提供参考。

银杏叶提取物联合胞磷胆碱钠胶囊治疗脑梗死的临床疗效

目的探究银杏叶提取物联合胞磷胆碱钠胶囊治疗脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2019年7月至2021年7月宜春市人民医院接诊的92例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,按照随机抽签法分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组给予胞磷胆碱钠胶囊口服治疗,观察组给予银杏叶提取物联合胞磷胆碱钠胶囊口服治疗。比较两组临床疗效、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、实验室指标[神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100B蛋白、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)]及神经功能缺损程度[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分]。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药14d后,两组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于用药前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药14 d后,两组血清NSE、S-100B蛋白、血清MMP-9水平均低于用药前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药14d后,两组NIHSS评分均低于用药前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物联合胞磷胆碱钠胶囊治疗脑梗死效果理想,可控制机体炎症反应,调节血清NSE、S-100B蛋白及MMP-9水平,延缓病情进展,促进神经功能修复,有利于患者尽早康复。

Adaptive feature extraction method for capsule endoscopy images

The traditional feature-extraction method of oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF(ORB)detects image features based on a fixed threshold;however,ORB descriptors do not distinguish features well in capsule endoscopy images.Therefore,a new feature detector that uses a new method for setting thresholds,called the adaptive threshold FAST and FREAK in capsule endoscopy images(AFFCEI),is proposed.This method,first constructs an image pyramid and then calculates the thresholds of pixels based on the gray value contrast of all pixels in the local neighborhood of the image,to achieve adaptive image feature extraction in each layer of the pyramid.Subsequently,the features are expressed by the FREAK descriptor,which can enhance the discrimination of the features extracted from the stomach image.Finally,a refined matching is obtained by applying the grid-based motion statistics algorithm to the result of Hamming distance,whereby mismatches are rejected using the RANSAC algorithm.Compared with the ASIFT method,which previously had the best performance,the average running time of AFFCEI was 4/5 that of ASIFT,and the average matching score improved by 5%when tracking features in a moving capsule endoscope.

基于混合神经网络的无线电信号自动调制识别

随着无线电信号数据海量增加,复杂电磁环境下面临着未知威胁和目标侦察识别复杂度高的问题,本文针对未知无线电信号的特征提取任务,设计了一种混合神经网络以提高目标无线电信号的识别能力。先通过胶囊神经网络对未知信号的空间信息进行提取,再进一步运用门控循环单元提取信号在时间上的特征信息。设计混合网络模型将信号的时间和空间特征相结合,提高对目标信号的分类精度。通过RML2016.04C调制信号数据集,验证了混合神经网络的识别性能。结果表明:当信噪比为6 dB时,混合网络模型对多种不同调制信号的分类精度大于95%。因此,本文所设计的混合神经网络能够有效对不同调制信号进行准确分类。

Development of Granule Composition Based on the Total Evaporated Extract of Bidens Tripartita, Solidago Canadensis and Agrimonia Eupatoria Herbs

The aim of the study is the development and standardization of granules in hard gelatin capsules based on the composition of dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.Herbs,possessing nephroprotective activity and antifibrotics in toxic nephropathies.Developed the structure and defined the quality indicators of the pellets with dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.herbs.The quality specification for the drug-granules of the composition of dry extracts in solid gelatin capsules is developed.

水提和醇提对智脑胶囊的指标成分含量和指纹图谱影响研究

目的:比较不同提取溶剂对智脑胶囊药材的主要成分含量的影响,为智脑胶囊的提取工艺选择提供依据。方法:按处方取智脑胶囊药材饮片共20份,分别以水和75%乙醇作为溶剂提取,各10批;采用UPLC法测定松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、党参炔苷、槲皮素指标成分的含量,建立其UPLC指纹图谱。色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.05%甲酸溶液(B),梯度程序洗脱,流速为0.20 mL/min;柱温为30℃,检测波长为260 nm;分别采用指标成分含量、指纹图谱相似度评价、聚类分析和OPLS-DA分析对水提、醇提工艺提取效果进行比较。结果:建立的5种指标成分UPLC测定和指纹图谱方法可行;智脑方醇提工艺样品溶液中5种成分含量较水提工艺样品高3.52%~130.73%;75%乙醇提取的样品指纹图谱色谱峰数较水提样品明显增多,水提、醇提工艺样品各自的相似度较好,聚类分析和OPLS-DA分析可以明显地区分2种工艺样品。结论:以水和75%乙醇作为提取溶剂制备的智脑胶囊溶液,其主要成分含量和指纹图谱存在较明显差异,以75%乙醇为溶剂提取的效果更好。

多指标综合评分优选金荞麦胶囊提取工艺

目的:优选金荞麦胶囊的提取工艺。方法:以没食子酸、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、原花青素B2、表儿茶素、得膏率进行多指标考察,以提取时间、乙醇用量、乙醇浓度等多因素进行正交试验设计,采用综合评分方法优选最佳提取工艺。结果:以回流时间1.5 h,加10倍量浓度为55%的乙醇为最优提取工艺。结论:此最佳提取工艺成本低,可靠稳定,简便,有效成分提取率高,可用于金荞麦胶囊的提取工艺。

基于ResNet18与胶囊网络结合的人脸表情识别

为了避免CNN池化层丢失特征并解决胶囊网络自身卷积层特征提取不足的问题,提出一种改进的ResNet18和胶囊网络结合的人脸表情识别方法。该方法仅保留ResNet18的卷积层,对其中的3个残差块进行调整,然后融入CBAM注意力机制,替换胶囊网络的单卷积层来提取特征,最后将提取的特征送入胶囊网络进行训练和分类。所提出的方法在CK+、RAF-db和FER+数据集上进行了实验,识别准确率CK+97.97%、RAF-db84.11%、FER+(单标签)86.24%、FER+(双标签)94.14%。实验结果表明,该方法在人脸表情识别方面具有可行性和有效性。