Comparison of Three Methods in Extracting Coherent Modes from a Doppler Backscatter System

We compare three different methods to extract coherent modes from Doppler backscattering （DBS）, which are center of gravity （COG） of the complex amplitude spectrum, spectrum of DBS phase derivative （phase derivative method）, and phase spectrum, respectively. These three methods are all feasible to extract coherent modes, for example, geodesic acoustic mode oscillation. However, there are stilI differences between dealing with high frequency modes （several hundred kHz） and low frequency modes, （several kHz） hiding in DBS signal. There is a significant amount of power at low frequencies in the phase spectrum, which can be removed by using the phase derivative method and COG. High frequency modes are clearer by using the COO and the phase derivative method than the phase spectrum. The spectrum of DBS amplitude does not show the coherent modes detected by using COG, phase derivative method and phase spectrum. When two Doppler shifted peaks exist, coherent modes and their harmonics appear in the spectrum of DBS amplitude, which are introduced by the DBS phase.

Extracting the interference components of normal modes in shallow water waveguide using singular value decomposition method

The normal mode interference characteristic in shallow water waveguide is a valu- able topic in the fields of underwater acoustic. A method for extracting the interference components of normal modes from broadband acoustic propagation data recorded by a single hy- drophone without any prior information is present in this paper. First, a Hermitian matrix is formed by the power spectral density. Second, a singular value decomposition （SVD） is performed on the Hermitian matrix to obtain the orthonormal eigenvectors, which are proportional to the interference components of normal modes. The fundamental equations of the new extracting method are derived based on normal mode and waveguide invariant theory. And the validity of the present method is verified by the numerical simulation and experimental results. In addition, the extracted results of normal-mode interference components are intended to be used for passive ranging of broadband sources.

Extraction of mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal

A method of extracting normal mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal has been proposed.Pseudo-inverse normal mode filtering method is implemented to get single mode reverberation field firstly.Based on the assumption of separability of modal back-scattering matrix,effective back-scattering matrix element can be calculated using single mode average reverberation intensity.Finally,mode attenuation coefficient is extracted by comparing effective back-scattering matrix elements at different ranges.The extracted mode attenuation coefficients are used to predict sound transmission loss at the same experiment area. Results show that the predicted transmission loss agrees well with the measured data.This method avoids the difficult of treating the coupling between bottom scattering attenuation and normal mode propagation attenuation.Research on extraction of mode attenuation coefficient from low frequency reverberation signal is useful for both geoacoustic inversion and rapid underwater environment assessment.

Improving Operational Flexibility of Integrated Energy Systems Through Operating Conditions Optimization of CHP Units

As a type of energy system with bright application prospects,the integrated energy system(IES)is environmentally friendly and can improve overall energy efficiency.Tight coupling between heat and electricity outputs of combined heat and power(CHP)units limits IES operational flexibility significantly.To resolve this problem,in this paper,we integrate operating mode optimization of the natural gas combined cycle CHP unit(NGCC-CHP)into dispatch of the IES to improve flexibility of the IES.First,we analyze operational modes of the CHP units from the perspectives of thermal processes and physical mechanisms,including the adjustable extraction mode,backpressure mode,and switching mode.Next,we propose an explicit mathematical model for full-mode operation of the CHP units,in which the heat-electricity feasible region,switching constraints,and switching costs are all formulated in detail.Finally,a novel economic dispatch model is proposed for a heat and electricity IES,which uses the full-mode operation of CHP units to improve operational flexibility.The Fortuny-Amat transformation is used to convert the economic dispatch model into a mixed-integer quadratic programming model,which can then be solved using commercial solvers.Case studies demonstrate the proposed method can reduce operational costs and obviously promotes wind power utilization.

Abstract principal component analysis

We present the basic idea of abstract principal component analysis(APCA)as a general approach that extends various popular data analysis techniques such as PCA and GPCA.We describe the mathematical theory behind APCA and focus on a particular application to mode extractions from a data set of mixed temporal and spatial signals.For illustration,algorithmic implementation details and numerical examples are presented for the extraction of a number of basic types of wave modes including,in particular,dynamic modes involving spatial shifts.