Preferentially selective extraction of lithium from spent LiCoO_(2)cathodes by medium-temperature carbon reduction roasting

Lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have attracted extensive attention due to the skyrocketing price of lithium.The medium-temperature carbon reduction roasting was proposed to preferential selective extraction of lithium from spent Li-CoO_(2)(LCO)cathodes to overcome the incomplete recovery and loss of lithium during the recycling process.The LCO layered structure was destroyed and lithium was completely converted into water-soluble Li2CO_(3)under a suitable temperature to control the reduced state of the cobalt oxide.The Co metal agglomerates generated during medium-temperature carbon reduction roasting were broken by wet grinding and ultrasonic crushing to release the entrained lithium.The results showed that 99.10%of the whole lithium could be recovered as Li2CO_(3)with a purity of 99.55%.This work provided a new perspective on the preferentially selective extraction of lithium from spent lithium batteries.

功能化氮杂环卡宾聚合树脂对Cu^(2+)的吸附研究

该研究制备了功能化氮杂环卡宾聚合树脂(PNO),旨在去除废水中Cu^(2+);基于静态和动态吸附实验,研究了PNO对废水中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:PNO对Cu^(2+)的最佳吸附条件为吸附剂投加量100 mg、吸附时间30 min、pH值4.0~5.9、温度298 K、转速150 r/min,最大吸附量为51.55 mg/g。PNO对Cu^(2+)的吸附过程符合Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。动态吸附量随柱高增加、流速降低和进水Cu^(2+)浓度增加而增大。使用Thomas和Bohart-Adams模型拟合,相关系数R^(2)均大于0.92,预测值与实验值相符。经过5次静态吸附-解吸和3次动态循环再生后,PNO对Cu^(2+)的去除率仍达到第一次循环的96%以上,去除效果和再生性能良好。PNO对含铜废水高效处理具有广泛的应用前景。

磁性三乙烯四胺/单宁树脂对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

利用曼尼希反应将三乙烯四胺(TETA)固化到单宁(TA)基体表面,热溶剂法制得磁性单宁基树脂(MTETA-TA)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、振动样品磁强计对M-TETA-TA进行表征,表明M-TETA-TA具有疏水性强、比表面积大的优势,Fe_(3)O_(4)的成功引入有效解决吸附剂回收难的问题。对含Cu^(^(2+))、Pb^(2+)废水溶液进行了静态吸附实验,探讨了其对金属的吸附性能。在pH为5的酸性条件下,吸附效果较好;Cu^(^(2+))和Pb^(2+)吸附动力学均符合准二级反应动力学模型,主要为化学吸附;Cu^(^(2+))的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属单层吸附,理论吸附最大值为173.33 mg·g^(-1);Pb^(2+)的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,属多层吸附,理论吸附最大值为217.14 mg·g^(-1)。推测M-TETA-TA对Pb^(2+)的吸附除了螯合、氧化还原等化学反应,还存在静电和离子交换作用,氨基和酚羟基为主要参与官能团。循环再生5次后,仍有较高的吸附性能和磁性强度。

ZIF-8/PEO杂化泡沫对TC和Cu^(2+)吸附研究

以提高金属有机骨架ZIF-8水处理中可回收性为目标,利用聚氧化乙烯PEO作为致孔剂,采用冰模板-冷冻干燥法制备金属有机骨架杂化泡沫ZIF-8/PEO,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DSC和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段,分析ZIF-8/PEO杂化泡沫的理化性能,研究ZIF-8/PEO对四环素TC和铜离子Cu^(2+)吸附性能及吸附机理。试验结果表明:ZIF-8/PEO形成了更加规则的网状结构且具有良好的机械强度和吸附性能。在吸附时间12 h,pH 7,吸附剂投加量40 mg,TC和Cu^(2+)初始浓度均为30 mg/L的最佳条件下,ZIF-8/PEO对TC和Cu^(2+)的吸附容量为107.55 mg/g和107.81 mg/g;等温吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,动力学过程符合拟二级动力学模型,ZIF-8/PEO吸附TC,Cu^(2+)属于自发、放热、趋于有序的过程。在循环吸附7次后,ZIF-8/PEO吸附剂对TC和Cu^(2+)的去除率仍在70%以上。

Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)诱导工艺对柞木表板颜色变化规律的影响

木材中的木质素、抽提物等物质具有能与金属盐溶液产生颜色反应的特性。利用这一特性以硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜溶液作为诱导剂,通过正交试验得到色差最大时的工艺参数,探究金属Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数、诱导时间、干燥时间、干燥温度对实木复合地板柞木表板颜色变化的影响。结果表明:Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数对柞木表板色彩色调的影响极为显著(F值分别为20.4453、8.8442);柞木表板的明度色品指数(L^(*))、红绿轴色品指数(a^(*))、黄蓝轴色品指数(b^(*))均随着Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的诱导剂质量分数、诱导时间、干燥时间的增加而逐渐减少,总色差(ΔE^(*))逐渐增大,最大为31.53、9.90,表板色调逐渐偏暗、偏绿、偏蓝;随着干燥温度的增加,Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)诱导时的柞木表板总色差都逐渐减小。

不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响

【目的】探究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚组培特性的影响。【方法】以Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦的成熟胚为材料,研究不同质量浓度Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)对大麦成熟胚愈伤诱导率、长根率、长芽率、褐化率、绿化率、再分化率和愈伤湿质量的影响。【结果】Bowman、北青7号和光头大麦成熟胚的7种组培特性间存在不同程度差异。与对照相比,0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)可减少10.43%的成熟胚长根、7.48%的成熟胚长芽、8.24%的愈伤组织褐化、20.74 mg的愈伤湿质量;4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)可提高6.47%的愈伤组织诱导率,可减少9.08%的成熟胚长根、7.96%的成熟胚长芽和9.67%的愈伤褐化;0.75 mg/L Cu^(2+)和4.00 mg/L Ag^(+)对愈伤细胞转绿、愈伤增殖和再分化均无抑制。【结论】适宜质量浓度的Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)可有效抑制大麦成熟胚长根、长芽和愈伤组织褐化,Ag+还可有效提高愈伤诱导率;在基于MS培养基的大麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和再分化培养中,Cu^(2+)和Ag^(+)的适宜质量浓度分别为0.75和4.00 mg/L。研究结果可为构建大麦成熟胚的愈伤诱导及其再分化技术体系提供理论支持。

钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石对水体中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果研究

含铜废水严重威胁人体健康和环境安全,利用废弃污泥和凹凸棒石制备了钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石材料,并将其用于含Cu^(2+)废水的处理。利用SEM、XRD及FT-IR对材料的结构和表面性质进行了分析表征,复合材料表面的含氧官能团的络合或C=C键的Π电子作用是吸附重金属的主要机制。研究了复合材料对Cu^(2+)的吸附效果和机理,结果表明,污泥/凹凸棒石质量比2∶1,pH=5,添加量为1.5 g/L,Cu^(2+)初始浓度4 mg/L条件下,材料对Cu^(2+)有最大的吸附容量为3.339 mg/g。吸附过程更好地拟合了准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式,表明材料对Cu^(2+)的吸附是单分子层化学吸附。利用响应面分析法预测,pH值为5.04,吸附剂添加量1.16 g/L,Cu^(2+)初始浓度3.60 mg/L是最佳吸附条件。钠化污泥生物炭复合凹凸棒石在实际含铜废水处理中是一种极具潜力的吸附剂。

UiO-66-NH_(2)的改性及其吸附Cu^(2+)性能

通过溶剂热法合成了锆基金属有机框架材料中的UiO-66-NH_(2),用多巴胺(DA)对其进行后合成改性,制备了UiO-66-NH_(2)/PDA复合材料,用于去除重金属Cu^(2+)。探究了pH、初始ρ(Cu^(2+))、接触时间和温度对吸附过程的影响,结果表明,Cu^(2+)的吸附动力学和等温线数据分别符合准二级和Langmuir模型,吸附过程为自发吸热反应;初始ρ(Cu^(2+))=50 mg/L,pH=5.5,t<30 min,Cu^(2+)去除率为93%。

Evaluation of the intracellular lipid-lowering effect of polyphenols extract from highland barley in HepG2 cells

Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.

用于吸附养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)的温度敏感型淀粉基水凝胶制备及性能分析

为了快速移除水产养殖尾水中的铜离子(Cu^(2+)),合成了一种新型温度敏感多糖基水凝胶,以具有结构和性能优势的2-羟基-3-异丙氧基丙基淀粉醚(HIPS)和羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)为原料,以乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EDGE)和CaCl 2为交联剂,通过形成共价键和离子键的混合交联方式制备具有温度敏感性能的HIPS/CMS复合凝胶,利用傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对复合凝胶的结构和内部形貌进行表征,研究复合凝胶的温度敏感性能,并探究了复合凝胶对水产养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:HIPS/CMS复合凝胶具有优异的温度敏感性能,当温度高于其体积相转变温度(VPTT,34.1℃)时,复合凝胶体积明显收缩,溶胀率从62.1倍下降至33.6倍;HIPS/CMS复合凝胶对水产养殖尾水中Cu^(2+)具有良好的吸附性能,最大吸附量可达25.2 mg/g;复合凝胶对Cu^(2+)吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,属于单分子层化学吸附;利用该复合凝胶的温度敏感性能,可实现HIPS/CMS复合凝胶的回收再利用,并且经5次吸附-解吸循环后吸附量仍可达15.1 mg/g。研究表明,本研究制备的HIPS/CMS复合凝胶对养殖尾水中的Cu^(2+)的去除效果较好且绿色环保,可以重复使用。

Cu^(2+)污染原状黄土的物化及结构特性

为制定环境保护和土壤污染防治和修复策略,以及为污染场地工程建设提供理论支撑,该文研究了Cu^(2+)对原状黄土物化特性及结构特性的影响。通过制备不同掺量的Cu^(2+)污染黄土试样,进行了粒径分布、CaCO_(3)含量和pH值的测定。利用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪获得试样的SEM图像和粉粒各粒径含量,并借助分形理论深入分析了Cu^(2+)对原状黄土微观结构的影响机理。对Cu^(2+)污染的原状黄土试样进行了压缩试验,并对试样的综合结构势进行了分析。结果表明,随着Cu^(2+)掺量的增大,黏粒含量表现为先增后减,再增再减的趋势,粉粒含量则表现为先减后增,再减再增,砂粒含量保持不变;CaCO_(3)的含量呈线性减小;pH值先迅速减小,后保持不变;污染黄土试样的综合结构势先增大后减小,之后再增大再减小。总体而言,重金属Cu^(2+)的掺入,导致土壤pH值降低,主要胶结物质碳酸钙被溶解,而又因黏粒之间的静电引力和范德华力,黏粒聚集体的形态和成分发生变化,从而影响了土体的密实度和结构强度。

两种磁性生物炭耦合Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4去除2,4-DFA和Cu^(2+)的特性

以橘子皮为原料,氯化铁、镍锰铁氧体为磁性介质,制备了氯化铁和镍锰铁氧体改性生物炭(分别记为FBC和MBC),重点考察FBC和MBC介导Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4耦合体系去除2,4-二氟苯胺(2,4-DFA)和Cu^(2+)的特性。结果表明:在0.5~2.0 g/L FBC/MBC的介导作用下,Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4对2,4-DFA和Cu^(2+)的去除效果明显提升。当2,4-DFA初始质量浓度为100~900 mg/L时,相比纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系,FBC和MBC介导耦合体系对2,4-DFA的降解强化倍数分别为2.24~4.04倍和1.96~4.71倍,Cu^(2+)去除率则分别由59.70%~69.95%提升至88.57%~93.20%和82.12%~88.20%。当pH为6.0~8.0时,较纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系,MBC、FBC介导耦合体系对2,4-DFA的去除率分别提高了15.35%~36.32%和22.43%~37.42%,对Cu^(2+)的去除率则分别提高了37.63%~42.34%和43.61%~47.83%;当盐度由0提高至4%时,两个耦合体系对2,4-DFA的去除率基本保持在85%及以上,而纯菌Diaphorobacter sp.DFA4培养体系对2,4-DFA的去除率则由77.98%降至55.19%。机理分析发现,耦合体系可诱导分泌更多的腐殖酸,且在偏碱条件下,FBC更有利于促使腐殖酸的分泌。

5-磷酸吡哆醛缩合罗丹明B席夫碱合成及对Cu^(2+)的识别研究

合成了吡哆醛-5-磷酸罗丹明B席夫碱.通过紫外-可见光光谱法研究了该化合物对Cu^(2+)的识别能力:在丙酮-水(体积比1∶1)混合体系中,加入Cu^(2+)后,在526 nm处出现了一个新的吸收峰,并且随着Cu^(2+)的加入,吸收强度逐渐增强.在(0.25~10)×10^(-6) mol/L的浓度范围内,检测结果呈现出良好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.9993),检测限为2.30×10^(-7) mol/L.

粉煤灰基P型沸石吸附水中Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料经水热反应合成了P型沸石(Z-P).采用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜、比表面孔径分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对Z-P进行表征,并研究了其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附性能.结果表明,Z-P的BET比表面积和孔隙体积分别为38.46m^(2)/g和0.2180cm^(3)/g,均高于FA的1.273m^(2)/g和0.0120cm^(3)/g.FA、Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型.Z-P对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的最大吸附量分别为157.48,131.57mg/g,远高于于FA的30.88,25.47mg/g.Z-P对Cd^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果好,但对Cu^(2+)的循环再生吸附效果较差.离子强度对Z-P吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)分别起促进和抑制作用.表明Z-P可以作为有效且廉价的Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)吸附剂,为FA的资源化利用和含Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)重金属离子废水吸附剂的开发提供了一种方法.

纳米SiO_(2)粒子表面接枝共聚合物微球的制备及其吸附Cu^(2+)性能

采用KH570对纳米SiO_(2)进行改性,将其作为Pickering乳液的稳定剂;利用反相(Pickering)乳液聚合法制备SiO_(2)@丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸(AA)共聚物复合微球,并对改性前后纳米SiO_(2)以及复合微球的结构、形貌及质量损失进行了表征;探究pH值、温度和单体比例对复合微球吸附Cu^(2+)效果影响,并对吸附过程进行动力学和吸附等温线拟合。结果表明,改性后的纳米SiO_(2)亲油性增强,提高稳定乳液的能力;Cu^(2+)吸附实验表明,复合微球吸附的最佳pH值为6,且吸附量随着AA用量增加而增大;复合微球吸附Cu^(2+)的过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型。

苔草溶解性有机质对土壤吸附Cu^(2+)影响研究

该文以苔草为研究对象,利用红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱分析了苔草溶解性有机质(DOM)的光谱特性,通过等温吸附平衡试验和吸附动力学试验研究了苔草DOM对土壤吸附Cu^(2+)的影响,分析了苔草DOM与Cu^(2+)反应前后成分变化。研究表明,苔草DOM具有羟基、羧基、羰基、甲基等官能团,由富里酸、类富里酸、类腐殖酸和类色氨酸4种组分组成,以相对分子质量较大的胡敏酸为主。加入苔草DOM会降低土壤对Cu^(2+)的最大吸附量、吸附平衡速率以及吸附亲和力。苔草DOM中的紫外区类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸物质可以通过羧基、羟基等官能团与Cu^(2+)产生络合作用,反应过后苔草DOM不饱和共轭双键结构数量、腐殖化水平、芳香环上取代基中的羰基、羧基、羟基和酯类含量均显著下降。研究结果可为苔草DOM的组成和结构提供基础数据,同时为解决DOM对重金属活性影响争议提供科学依据。

Cu^(2+)掺杂纳米零价铁氧化降解罗丹明B性能研究

研究Cu^(2+)的掺杂对纳米零价铁氧化降解罗丹明B水溶液的影响。采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒,并通过XPS、XRD、SEM和HRTEM等对纳米零价铁颗粒进行表征,以罗丹明B水溶液为目标污染物,考察掺杂不同金属离子对纳米零价铁氧化降解活性的影响。实验结果表明:纳米零价铁掺杂Cu^(2+)后其氧化降解活性显著提高;在溶解氧条件下,对铁添加Cu^(2+)后进行4小时降解的研究,发现当添加量为3 mmol·L^(-1)时对5 mg·L^(-1)罗丹明B溶液的降解率达86%。结果表明适量Cu^(2+)的掺杂可提高纳米零价铁的氧化降解污染物活性。

黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附特性研究

重金属污染对水生态系统的影响日益严重,利用藻类去除水体中的重金属,已越来越受到研究者的关注。本研究以黑孢藻粉为生物吸附材料,探究其对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附作用。通过分批实验研究不同的pH、温度、初始离子浓度、吸附时间对黑孢藻粉吸附效果的影响,并采用动力学、热力学、等温模型对吸附特性进行探讨。结果表明,黑孢藻粉在pH为6和7时对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最佳,吸附量可达13.0 mg/g和13.4 mg/g;随着初始离子浓度的增加,黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附量逐渐升高,当浓度为100 mg/L时,吸附量分别为26.7 mg/g和22.9 mg/g;升温可促进黑孢藻粉吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+),在30℃时对两种离子的吸附量均大于11.0 mg/g。热力学研究表明黑孢藻粉对Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的吸附为吸热反应;等温线分析显示黑孢藻粉吸附Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的过程分别符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型;Cu^(2+)和Cd^(2+)的准二级动力学模型拟合效果较好,相关系数均大于0.9,即吸附过程受化学反应控制。

Intensified reactive extraction of 4-hydroxypyridine with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in 1-octanol by using tributyl phosphate

The efficient separation of amphoteric organic compounds from dilute solutions is of great importance in the industrial field. In the present work, the reactive extractions of 4-hydroxypyridine(4-HP) with tributyl phosphate(TBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) and TBP + D2EHPA dissolved in 1-octanol were investigated, respectively. The influences of the initial concentrations of TBP, D2EHPA and TBP + D2EHPA on distribution ratio(D) were discussed, as well as the reactive extraction mechanism were proposed. The obvious intensification effect was observed when the mixture of TBP and D2EHPA was used as extractant. The best extraction conditions were found to be of the molar ratio of D2EHPA and TBP at 2:1 and the equilibrium aqueous pH at 3.50-4.50. D values increased with the increase of the total concentration of TBP and D2EHPA in 1-octanol. Especially, the analysis on the extraction mechanisms clearly indicate(i) TBP in 1-octanol shows negligible reactive extraction toward 4-HP,(ii) D2EHPA in 1-octanol exhibits moderate extraction effect by forming 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) and 4-HP:2D2EHPA(1:2) type complexes, while(iii) D2EHPA in TBP/1-octanol demonstrates the maximum distribution ratio with the 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) type complex domination. The discussion provides new insights on the mechanism and opens a new way for the intensified extraction of amphoteric organic compounds by using the mixture of multiple extractants in the diluent.

Adenosine cyclic phosphate with ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction alleviated allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 through inhibiting the influx of intracellular Ca^(2+)

Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.