Poor palatability is a limiting factor for replacing fishmeal with other protein sources in aquaculture. The water-soluble molecules with low molecular weights are the major determinants of the palatability of diets. ...Poor palatability is a limiting factor for replacing fishmeal with other protein sources in aquaculture. The water-soluble molecules with low molecular weights are the major determinants of the palatability of diets. The present study was conducted to investigate the palatability of water-soluble extracts from single protein source(single extract pellets) and the mixture of these extracts with different proportions(blended extract pellets) in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). Then according to the palatability of blended extract pellets, an optimal mixture proportion was selected, and a new protein source made from raw protein materials with the selected proportion was formulated to replace fishmeal. Summarily, the palatability of single extract pellets for turbot was descendent from fishmeal to pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, meat and bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Subsequently, according to the palatability of single extract pellets, 52 kinds of blended extract pellets were designed to test their palatability. The results showed that the pellets presented remarkably different palatability, and the optimal one was diet 52(wheat gluten meal: pet-food grade poultry by-product meal: meat and bone meal: corn gluten meal = 1:6:1:2). The highest ingestion ratio(the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed) was 0.73 ± 0.03, which was observed in Diet 52. Then five isonitrogenous(52% crude protein) and isocaloric(20 k J g^(-1) gross energy) diets were formulated by replacing 0(control), 35%, 50%, 65% and 80% of fishmeal with No.52 blending proportion. After a 10-weeks feeding trial, a consistent feed intake was found among all replacement treatments. Replacement level of fishmeal up to 35% did not significantly influence final body weight, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of turbot. Therefore, the water-soluble extracts of protein sources play an important role in improving the palatability of non-fishmeal protein sources in aquafeed.展开更多
采用碱提法和盐提法从棉籽粕中提取棉籽蛋白,通过单因素实验和正交实验对提取工艺参数进行了优化,并从蛋白提取率及产品色度、主要化学成分等方面对两种提取方法进行了比较。碱法提取棉籽蛋白的最佳工艺为:pH 10,温度40℃,液料比10∶1,...采用碱提法和盐提法从棉籽粕中提取棉籽蛋白,通过单因素实验和正交实验对提取工艺参数进行了优化,并从蛋白提取率及产品色度、主要化学成分等方面对两种提取方法进行了比较。碱法提取棉籽蛋白的最佳工艺为:pH 10,温度40℃,液料比10∶1,提取时间60 m in,此时蛋白提取率为75.5%;盐法提取棉籽蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:NaC l质量浓度100 g/L,温度40℃,液料比15∶1,提取时间80 m in,此时蛋白提取率为72.0%。两种方法的蛋白提取率接近,但盐法提取的蛋白产品纯度较高,色泽浅,且游离棉酚含量相对较低。展开更多
基金supported by Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (201303053)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (JQ201206) to G.H
文摘Poor palatability is a limiting factor for replacing fishmeal with other protein sources in aquaculture. The water-soluble molecules with low molecular weights are the major determinants of the palatability of diets. The present study was conducted to investigate the palatability of water-soluble extracts from single protein source(single extract pellets) and the mixture of these extracts with different proportions(blended extract pellets) in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). Then according to the palatability of blended extract pellets, an optimal mixture proportion was selected, and a new protein source made from raw protein materials with the selected proportion was formulated to replace fishmeal. Summarily, the palatability of single extract pellets for turbot was descendent from fishmeal to pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, meat and bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Subsequently, according to the palatability of single extract pellets, 52 kinds of blended extract pellets were designed to test their palatability. The results showed that the pellets presented remarkably different palatability, and the optimal one was diet 52(wheat gluten meal: pet-food grade poultry by-product meal: meat and bone meal: corn gluten meal = 1:6:1:2). The highest ingestion ratio(the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed) was 0.73 ± 0.03, which was observed in Diet 52. Then five isonitrogenous(52% crude protein) and isocaloric(20 k J g^(-1) gross energy) diets were formulated by replacing 0(control), 35%, 50%, 65% and 80% of fishmeal with No.52 blending proportion. After a 10-weeks feeding trial, a consistent feed intake was found among all replacement treatments. Replacement level of fishmeal up to 35% did not significantly influence final body weight, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of turbot. Therefore, the water-soluble extracts of protein sources play an important role in improving the palatability of non-fishmeal protein sources in aquafeed.
文摘采用碱提法和盐提法从棉籽粕中提取棉籽蛋白,通过单因素实验和正交实验对提取工艺参数进行了优化,并从蛋白提取率及产品色度、主要化学成分等方面对两种提取方法进行了比较。碱法提取棉籽蛋白的最佳工艺为:pH 10,温度40℃,液料比10∶1,提取时间60 m in,此时蛋白提取率为75.5%;盐法提取棉籽蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:NaC l质量浓度100 g/L,温度40℃,液料比15∶1,提取时间80 m in,此时蛋白提取率为72.0%。两种方法的蛋白提取率接近,但盐法提取的蛋白产品纯度较高,色泽浅,且游离棉酚含量相对较低。