Great Breakthrough Achieved in Extraction of Lithium from Brine with High Magnesium to Lithium Ratios

With the worldwide rise in electric vehicles, the demand for lithium batteries is increasing day by day. In 2015, China＇s new energy vehicles developed rapidly, and the price of lithium carbonate rose from fifty or sixty thousand yuan per ton to 150 thousand yuan. In the past, lithium was often extracted from spodumene （LiAlSi2O6）, which is time consuming, laborious and expensive. Over the past decade, abundant lithium has been discovered in brackish and salt water lakes, which is an important way to obtain lithium resources.

The Impact of Different Mining and Releasing Ratios on the Over-Support Pressure of Header Working Face

Through the theoretical analysis of overburden destabilization mechanism, FLAC 3D simplified plane numerical simulation method and field measurement method, we compared the relationship of overburden support pressure at 35 m of workface recovery, and the peak overburden support pressure decreased from 13.85 Mpa to 11.97 Mpa from 1:1 to 1:3. With the increase of mining ratio, the peak over-supporting pressure decreases: with the increase of top coal recovery thickness, the peak over-supporting pressure and the influence range will be further expanded, and the distance between the peak over-supporting pressure and the coal wall of the working face will be further increased and the high stress zone of the peak area will be expanded simultaneously.

The Impact of Different Mining and Releasing Ratios on the Over-Support Pressure of Header Working Face

Through the theoretical analysis of overburden destabilization mechanism, FLAC 3D simplified plane numerical simulation method and field measurement method, we compared the relationship of overburden support pressure at 35 m of workface recovery, and the peak overburden support pressure decreased from 13.85 Mpa to 11.97 Mpa from 1:1 to 1:3. With the increase of mining ratio, the peak over-supporting pressure decreases: with the increase of top coal recovery thickness, the peak over-supporting pressure and the influence range will be further expanded, and the distance between the peak over-supporting pressure and the coal wall of the working face will be further increased and the high stress zone of the peak area will be expanded simultaneously.

Zinc extraction from zinc oxidized ore using(NH4)2SO4 roasting−leaching process

An improved method of(NH4)2SO4 roasting followed by water leaching to utilize zinc oxidized ores was studied.The operating parameters were obtained by investigating the effects of the molar ratio of(NH4)2SO4 to zinc,roasting temperature,and holding time on zinc extraction.The roasting process followed the chemical reaction control mechanism with the apparent activation energy value of 41.74 kJ·mol^−1.The transformation of mineral phases in roasting was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis combined with thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis curves.The water leaching conditions,including the leaching temperature,leaching time,stirring velocity,and liquid-to-solid ratio,were discussed,and the leaching kinetics was studied.The reaction rate was obtained under outer diffusion without product layer control;the values of the apparent activation energy for two stages were 4.12 and 8.19 kJ·mol^−1.The maximum zinc extraction ratio reached 96%while the efficiency of iron extraction was approximately 32%under appropriate conditions.This work offers an effective method for the comprehensive use of zinc oxidized ores.

Breaking and Characteristics of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores by High Speed Entrifugai Shearing Pulverizer

The spores of Ganoderma lucidum were ground and broken to ultrafine particles by high speed centrifugal shearing（HSCS） pulverizer. The characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry （FTIR）. Ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer was used to determine the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide between the raw and broken spores. The immunological function on the mice before and after the breaking of spores wan investigated. The experimental results show that after being ground, the sporoderm-broken ratio reachs 100%, the original active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum spores do not change, and the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide is greatly increased by 40.08%. The broken spores show much higher immunological activity comparing with original spores of Ganoderma lucidum.

Adjacent stage impurity ratio in rare earth countercurrent extraction process

Impurity components decrease stage by stage in a cascade of rare earth （RE） extraction separation, and adjacent stage impurity ratio （ASIR） which is defined as the ratio of an impurity＇s contents in the aqueous/organic phase of two adjacent stages can be used to evaluate the capacity of impurity removal for the two stages. On the basis of extraction equilibrium and mass balance, the ASIR in a two-component extraction separation was deducted and its simplified expressions were given for different process sections according to reasonable assumptions. The calculation simulation was then carried out to obtain the ASIR distribution in the cascade. The results showed that in both the extraction and scrubbing sections the ASIR principally increased with the decrease of the molar proportion of the impurity but along with a flat appearing in the purification zone located in the middle of the cascade. The ASIR intuitively exhibits the running status of RE extraction separation and purification, which could provide a theoretic guide for investigating the influence factors of RE extraction separation process in practical industry.