Refraction of extraordinary rays and ordinary rays in the Savart polariscope

The refraction of rays in the Savart polariscope is different from the isotropic medium. We have analysed and discussed the refraction of rays in the Savart polariscope on the basis of the Snell law. The refraction formulae of the extraordinary rays and ordinary rays were derived. Results obtained may provide theoretical and practical guide lines for studying, developing and engineering of polarization interference imaging spectrometer.

Experimental studies of extraordinary light transmission through periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular holes in metal films

We fabricate a series of periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular air holes on gold films, and measure the transmission spectra of these metallic nanostructures. By changing some geometrical and physical parameters, such as array period, air hole size and shape, and the incident light polarization, we verify that both global surface plasmon resonance and localized waveguide mode resonance are influential on enhancing the transmission of light through nanostructured metal films. These two resonances induce different behaviours of transmission peak shift. The transmission through the rectangular air-hole structures exhibits an obvious polarization effect dependent on the morphology. Numerical simulations are also made by a plane-wave transfer-matrix method and in good consistency with the experimental results.

Effects of interplay between metal subwavelength slits on extraordinary optical transmission

In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity oscillates,with the period being just the light wavelength,as a function of the spacing between slits.As the number of slits increases,the transmissivity varies in one of three ways.It can increase,attenuate,or remain basically unchanged,depending on the spacing between slits.Each way is in an oscillatory manner.The slit interaction responsible for the oscillating transmission strength that depends on slit spacing is the subject of more detailed investigation.The interaction most intuitively manifests as a current distribution in the metal surface between slits.We find that this current is attenuated in an oscillating fashion from the slit corners to the center of the region between two adjacent slits,and we present a mathematical expression for its waveform.

Multi-cycle reconfigurable THz extraordinary optical transmission using chalcogenide metamaterials

Metamaterials composed of metallic antennae arrays are used as they possess extraordinary optical transmission(EOT)in the terahertz(THz)region,whereby a giant forward light propagation can be created using constructive interference of tunneling surface plasmonic waves.However,numerous applications of THz meta-devices demand an active manipula-tion of the THz beam in free space.Although some studies have been carried out to control the EOT for the THz region,few of these are based upon electrical modulation of the EOT phenomenon,and novel strategies are required for act-ively and dynamically reconfigurable EOT meta-devices.In this work,we experimentally present that the EOT resonance can be coupled to optically reconfigurable chalcogenide metamaterials which offers a reversible all-optical control of the THz light.A modulation efficiency of 88%in transmission at 0.85 THz is experimentally observed using the EOT metama-terials,which is composed of a gold(Au)circular aperture array sitting on a non-volatile chalcogenide phase change ma-terial(Ge2Sb2Te5)film.This comes up with a robust and ultrafast reconfigurable EOT over 20 times of switching,excited by a nanosecond pulsed laser.The measured data have a good agreement with finite-element-method numerical simula-tion.This work promises THz modulators with significant on/off ratios and fast speeds.

One-dimensional ordinary–slow extraordinary–Bernstein mode conversion in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies

The ordinary–slow extraordinary–Bernstein（O-SX-B） mode conversion in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies（ECRF） is revisited in slab geometry. The analytical formula of the O-SX conversion efficiency by Mj？lhus is upgraded to include the magnetic field gradient, and the analytical expression of the SX-B conversion efficiency by Ram and Schultz is generalized for the case of oblique injection. Therefore, the conversion efficiency and optimal parallel refractive index for the whole O-SX-B conversion are obtained analytically and a shift of optimal parallel refractive index due to SX-FX loss is found. Full wave calculations are also presented to be compared with the analytical results.

Extraordinary tunable dynamic range of electrochemical aptasensor for accurate detection of ochratoxin A in food samples

We report the design of a sensitive,electrochemical aptasensor for detection of ochratoxin A(OTA)with an extraordinary tunable dynamic sensing range.This electrochemical aptasensor is constructed based on the target induced aptamer-folding detection mechanism and the recognition between OTA and its aptamers results in the conformational change of the aptamer probe and thus signal changes for measurement.The dynamic sensing range of the electrochemical aptasensor is successfully tuned by introduction of free assistant aptamer probes in the sensing system.Our electrochemical aptasensor shows an extraordinary dynamic sensing range of 11-order magnitude of OTA concentration from 10^−8 to 10^2 ng/g.Of great significance,the signal response in all OTA concentration ranges is at the same current scale,demonstrating that our sensing protocol in this research could be applied for accurate detections of OTA in a broad range without using any complicated treatment of signal amplification.Finally,OTA spiked red wine and maize samples in different dynamic sensing ranges are determined with the electrochemical aptasensor under optimized sensing conditions.This tuning strategy of dynamic sensing range may offer a promising platform for electrochemical aptasensor optimizations in practical applications.

Examination of Extraordinary Transmission of Waves Propagation through Gaps of Vertical Thin Barriers in Channels by A Hypersingular Boundary Element Method

The extraordinary transmission (ET) phenomenon is examined for waves propagating through gaps of vertical thin barriers in channels with a hypersingular boundary element method model on the linear potential theory, and an estimate formula based on small gap approximation for predicting the number of ET frequencies is proposed. Numerical computations are carried out to examine the influences of barrier number, barrier interval, gap size, gap position and barrier arrangement on extraordinary transmission and wave height in the channel. It shows that all of those factors evidently affect the extraordinary transmission frequencies. The contours of wave amplitude show that very high waves can be excited in the basins between barriers at the extraordinary transmission frequencies. Proper arrangement of barriers in a channel can avoid the occurrence of ET phenomenon and reduce wave height in the channel.

Manipulation of extraordinary acoustic transmission by a tunable bull's eye structure

Extraordinary acoustic transmission （EAT） has been investigated in a tunable bull＇s eye structure. We demonstrate that the transmission coefficient of acoustic waves can be modulated by a grating structure. When the grating is located at a distance of 0.5 mm from the base plate, the acoustic transmission shows an 8.77-fold enhancement compared to that by using a traditional bull＇s eye structure. When the distance increases to 1.5 mm, the transmission approaches zero, indicating a total reflection. Thus, we can make an efficient modulation of acoustic transmission from 0 to 877%. The EAT effects have been ascribed to the coupling of structure-induced resonance with the diffractive wave and the waveguide modes, as well as the Fabry-Perot resonances. As a potential application, the modulation of far-field collimation is illustrated in the proposed bull＇s eye structure.

Extraordinary Acoustic Transmission in a Helmholtz Resonance Cavity-Constructed Acoustic Grating

We investigate both experimentally and numerically a complex structure, where ＇face-to-face＇ Helmholtz resonance cavities （HRCs） are introduced to construct a one-dimensional acoustic grating. In this system, pairs of HRCs can intensely couple with each other in two forms： a bonding state and an anti-bonding state, analogous to the character of hydrogen molecule with two atoms due to the interference of wave functions of sound among the acoustic local-resonating structures. The bonding state is a ＇bright＇ state that interferes with the Fabry-Pbrot resonance mode, thereby causing this state to break up into two modes as the splitting of the extraordinary acoustic transmission peak. On the contrary, the anti-bonding state is a ＇dark＇ state in which the resonance mode remains entirely localized within the HRCs, and has no contribution to the acoustic transmission.

SiO2 stabilizes electrochemically active nitrogen in few-layer carbon electrodes of extraordinary capacitance

Pyrrolic and pyridinic N dopants can dramatically increase the electrochemical activities of carbon and conducting polymers.Although N-doped conducting polymers suffer from rapid degradation,their carbon counterpart of extraordinary capacitance has remarkable rate performance and cycling endurance thanks to carbon’s excellent electrical conductivity.But high nitrogen content and high electrical conductivity are difficult to achieve in a high-surface-area carbon,because the high chemical vapor deposition(CVD)temperature required for obtaining high conductivity also destabilizes under-coordinated pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and tends to lower the surface area.Here we resolve this dilemma by using SiO2 as an effective N-fixation additive,which stabilizes the N-rich nano few-layer sp2-carbon construct in1000℃CVD.This enables a scalable sol-gel/CVD fabrication process for few-layer carbon electrodes of extraordinary capacitance(690 F g^-1).The electrodes have excellent rate performance and can maintain90%of their initial capacitance after 30,000 cycles,thus potentially suitable for practical applications.

Extraordinary terahertz transmission through subwavelength spindle-like apertures in NbN film

We studied numerically the temperature dependent extraordinary terahertz transmission through niobium nitride(NbN) film perforated with subwavelength spindle-like apertures. Both the resonant frequency and intensity of extraordinary terahertz transmission peaks can be greatly modified by the transition of NbN film from the normal state to the superconducting state. An enhancement of the(±1, 0) NbN/magnesium oxide(MgO) peak intensity as high as 200% is demonstrated due to the combined contribution of both the superconducting transition and the excitation of localized surface plasmons(LSPs) around the apertures. The extraordinary terahertz transmission through spindle-like hole arrays patterned on the NbN film can pave the way for us to explore novel active tuning devices.

Extraordinary Optical Confinement in a Silicon Slot Waveguide with Metallic Gratings

We present a silicon slot waveguide with metallic gratings embedded on the silicon surface in the slot region. The dependence of the optical coupling between two silicon wires on the width of the metal gap and the slot size are studied in detail. The results show that the optical field in the slot region with metallic gratings is significantly enhanced compared with the traditional slot waveguide due to the surface plasmon polaritons coupling on metallic gratings. The extraordinary optical confinement is attributed to the low effective dielectric constant of metallic gratings. The effective dielectric constant decreases with the increasing wavelength, and reaches the minimum when the width of the metal gap is about 0.01 times the wavelength.

参蝎止痛胶囊联合董氏奇穴对寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨参蝎止痛胶囊联合董氏奇穴对寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎患者的临床疗效。方法 80例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组给予董氏奇穴,观察组在对照组基础上加用参蝎止痛胶囊,疗程1个月。检测临床疗效、中医证候评分、LKSS评分、WOMAC评分、NRS评分、AIMS2-SF评分、sIL-4R、TNF-α、HMGBl、TLR-4、BALP、BGP、β-CTX变化。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候评分、WOMAC评分、NRS评分、sIL-4R、TNF-α、HMGBl、TLR-4、β-CTX降低(P<0.05),LKSS评分、AIMS2-SF评分、BALP、BGP升高(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。结论 参蝎止痛胶囊联合董氏奇穴可抑制寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎患者机体炎症反应,改善骨代谢,缓解膝关节疼痛及临床症状。

Five Extraordinary Years

THE Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionis now five years old. These have been fiveextraordinary and innovative years, duringwhich the concept of "one country, two sys-tems" advocated by Deng Xiaoping has become

Contribution of surface plasmon polaritons to extraordinary optical transmission through metallic nanoslit

A single metallic nanoslit is employed for investigating the contribution of Surface Plasmon Polaritons(SPPs) to Extraordinary Optical Transmission(EOT) based on rigorous electromagnetic theory and the Spectrum Analysis Method(SAM). Numerical results shows that the SPP is the main factor responsible for the EOT, and a phase singularity is observed.

Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics:In-depth leading to create extraordinary

The past five years of Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics In the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,2017 China International Trade Fair for Apparel Fabrics and Accessories（referred to as Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics）will raise the curtain.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,general secretary Xi Jinping has evaluated the five years with the word＂extraordinary＂.

用平面六边形割角的细分曲面生成方法

平面六边形是一种更契合自然并具有独特优点的多边形,找到一种方便实用的平面六边形细分格式是细分曲面研究领域中的基础工作之一。本文提出了一种平面六边形细分方法,对任意初始凸多面体网格,只用平面六边形进行割角细分,可以使得细分曲面光滑、保凸、具有插值性质,且细分过程中新增的面片都是平面六边形.我们将该方法简称为平面蜂窝细分.论文给出了平面蜂窝细分的拟线性四点格式几何规则及其细分矩阵,其几何意义直观,相应的算法简单、可行且数值稳定.论文分析了细分曲面的收敛性和光滑性,给出了C光滑性条件及其证明.为了提高细分曲面的光滑性,传统的方法是使边数不同的多边形面片按等比例收缩,该方法对于平面蜂窝细分没有预期效果并且无法处理三角形特殊面;论文给出了一种新方法,获得的割角参数使得细分曲面更加光滑,且可以统一处理三角形、四边形等特殊面,从而避免特殊点/面带来的局限性.论文还提出了平面蜂窝细分方法的一种推广和一种自然边界处理方法,并讨论了平直边界和退化情形下尖锐特征生成的方式,可用于细分任意可定向初始网格.文中给出了一些细分曲面的例子,并与经典的细分方法进行了比较,验证了新方法的有效性和具有的优点.

基于“脏腑别通”理论运用加味小柴胡汤结合捏脊法治疗心肌炎的实验研究

本研究旨在探明加味小柴胡汤结合捏脊法治疗心肌炎(MC)的作用机制。方法:将30只小鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、西药组、柴治组、捏治组、合治组共6组,每组5只。空白组不造模,其余各组均制成自身免疫性MC模型。各组施以相应处理7 d,结束后取心肌组织和血清分别检测肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的含量及心肌切片观察。结果:中医各治疗组对阻断心肌TLR4/NF-κB p65炎症通路及抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用均优于西药组(P<0.05),且合治组在降低NF-κB p65、TNF-ɑ、Bax、Caspase-3和升高Bcl-2中的作用较其余治疗组为优(P<0.05);同时,与西药组比较,各中医治疗组心肌切片显示心肌细胞排列紊乱均有不同程度改善,心肌间隙炎细胞浸润较少,以合治组表现最佳。结论:加味小柴胡汤结合捏脊法可能通过抑制心肌TLR4/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路阻止心肌炎症反应,同时抑制凋亡因子减少心肌凋亡来发挥对MC的治疗作用;二者结合运用能发挥良好的协同作用。

汪榕培与理雅各英译老庄术语“达意”之辨

老庄经典英译进程中,相去百年的汪榕培、理雅各两种英译本以各自交流性“输出”、学术型“译入”的特质成为跨文化时空性对话的英译经典。通过平行考察上述老庄两译本核心术语的英译实务,着重分析了两译者传达原典关键术语意义“达意”向度、程度上的差异,侧重阐释了两译者翻译“学术”与“普及”观念各从其类的道家英译贡献。