Efficacy of indirect intense pulsed light irradiation on meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized controlled study

AIM:To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of indirect intense pulsed light(IPL)irradiation on meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A total of 60 MGD patients was included in this prospective randomized controlled trial.Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 into two groups(3-mm group and 10-mm group)in which IPL was applied at distances from the lower eyelid margin of 3 and 10 mm,respectively.Both groups received three times treatment with 3-week interval.Meibomian gland yield secretion score(MGYSS),standard patient evaluation of eye dryness(SPEED)questionnaire,tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed at baseline and after every treatment.RESULTS:After three IPL treatments,both groups had significant improvement in MGYSS(both P<0.05).The noninferiority test showed that improvement in 10-mm group was not inferior to that in 3-mm group(P<0.001).In both groups,temporal regions of both upper and lower eyelids showed significant improvement in MGYSS.Scores of SPEED questionnaire in both groups declined significantly(both P<0.001)and changes of SPEED had no difference between two groups(P=0.57).Density of central corneal subepithelial nerves and TBUTs showed no statistically significant changes.The 3-mm group had improvement on corneal fluorescein staining(P=0.048)and meibomian gland morphology(acini wall thickness P=0.003,hyperreflective points P=0.024)while the 10-mm group had not.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of IPL indirect irradiation in improving meibomian gland secretion and alleviating dry eye symptoms remains unchanged with increase in treatment distance.IPL may primarily act on the functional improvement of the meibomian glands and corneal nerves.

Effects of Light and Temperature on the Expression of the Lhcb2 Gene in Pea

An approximately 800 bp cDNA ( Lhcb 2) encoding light_harvesting chlorophyll a/b_binding protein complex (type Ⅱ) was cloned from the seedling of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with RT_PCR method. Southern blotting using special probe demonstrated that there existed one copy of Lhcb 2 in pea genome. RT_PCR and Northern blotting revealed the expression of Lhcb 2 which was regulated by light in a time_dependent expression manner. The Lhcb 2 gene didn't express untill 2 h after irradiated with white light. Low temperature (4 ℃) also affected the Lhcb 2 gene by decreasing half of its expression under 25 ℃.

Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of intense pulsed light with tobramycin/dexamethasone plus warm compress on dry eye associated meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To compare the anti-inflammatory effects of intense pulsed light(IPL) with tobramycin/dexamethasone plus warm compress through clinical signs and cytokines in tears.METHODS: Eighty-two patients with dry eye disease(DED) associated meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with IPL, and Group B was treated with tobramycin/dexamethasone plus warm compress. Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI), tear film breakup time(TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), meibomian gland expressibility(MGE), meibum quality, gland dropout and tear cytokine levels were evaluated before treatment, 1 wk and 1 mo after treatment. RESULTS: TBUT in Group A was higher(P=0.035), and MGE score was lower than Group B at 1 mo(P=0.001). The changes of interleukin(IL)-17 A and IL-1β levels in tears were lower in Group A compared with that in Group B at 1 wk after treatment(P=0.05, P=0.005).CONCLUSION: Treatment with IPL can improve TBUT and MGE and downregulate levels of IL-17 A and IL-1β in tears of patients with DED associated MGD better than treatment with tobramycin/dexamethasone plus warm compress in one-month treatment period.

Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade in the treatment of severely traumatized eyes with the visual acuity of no light perception

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade in the treatment of severely traumatized eyes with the visual acuity of no light perception (NLP).METHODS: This was a retrospective uncontrolled interventional case-series of 19 patients of severely traumatized eyes with NLP who underwent vitrectomy surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University (Qingdao, China) during a 3-year period. We recorded perioperative factors with the potential to influence functional outcome including duration from the injury to intervention; causes for ocular trauma; open globe or closed globe injury; grade of vitreous hemorrhage; grade of endophthalmitis; grade of retinal detachment; size and location of intraocular foreign body (IOFB); extent and position of retinal defect; grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR); type of surgery; perioperative complications and tamponade agent. The follow-up time was from 3 to 18 months, and the mean time was 12 months.RESULTS: After a mean follow-up period of 12 months (3-18 months) 10.53% (2/19) of eyes had visual acuity of between 20/60 and 20/400, 52.63% (10/19) had visual acuity less than 20/400 but more than NLP, and 36.84% (7/19) remained NLP. Visual acuity was improved from NLP to light perception (LP) or better in 63.16% (12/19) of eyes and the rate of complete retinal reattachment was 73.68% (14/19). Good visual acuity all resulted from those patients of blunt trauma with intact eyewall (closed globe injury). The perioperative factors of poor visual acuity prognosis included delayed intervention; open globe injury; endophthalmitis; severe retinal detachment; large IOFB; macular defect; a wide range of retinal defects andsevere PVR.CONCLUSION: The main reasons of NLP after ocular trauma are severe vitreous hemorrhage opacity; refractive media opacity; retinal detachment; retinal and uveal damages and defects, especially defects of the macula; PVR and endophthalmitis. NLP after ocular trauma in some cases does not mean permanent vision loss. Early intervention of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade and achieving retinal reattachment of the remaining retina, may make the severely traumatized eyes regain the VA of LP or better.

Effect of terahertz pulse on gene expression in human eye cells

In recent years, the advances in terahertz applications have stimulated interest in the biological effects associated with this frequency range. We study the gene expression profile in three types of cells exposed to terahertz radiation,i.e., human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells, simian virus 40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells, and human MIO-M1 Müller cells. We find that the gene expression in response to heat shock is unaffected, indicating that the minimum temperature increases under controlled environment. The transcriptome sequencing survey demonstrates that 6-hour irradiation with a broadband terahertz source results in specific change in gene expression and also the biological functions that are closely related to these genes. Our results imply that the effect of terahertz radiation on gene expression can last over 15 hours and depends on the type of cell.

Whole transcriptome analysis on blue light-induced eye damage

AIM:To analyze abnormal gene expressions of mice eyes exposed to blue light using RNA-seq and analyze the related signaling pathways.METHODS:Kunming mice were divided into an experimental group that was exposed to blue light and a control group that was exposed to natural light.After 14 d,the mice were euthanized and their eyeballs were collected.Whole transcriptome analysis was attempted to analyze the gene expression of the eyeballs using RNA-seq to reconstruct genetic networks.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis were used to reveal the related signaling pathways.RESULTS:The 737 differentially expressed genes were identified,including 430 up and 307 down regulated genes,by calculating the gene FPKM in each sample and conducting differential gene analysis.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that blue light damage may associated with the visual perception,sensory perception of light stimulus,phototransduction,and JAKSTAT signaling pathways.Differential lnc RNA,circ RNA and mi RNA analysis showed that blue light exposure affected pathways for retinal cone cell development and phototransduction,among others.CONCLUSION:Exposure to blue light can cause a certain degree of abnormal gene expression and modulate signaling pathways in the eye.

Differential gene expression in the body wall of the sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)under strong lighting and dark conditions

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus is very sensitive to light changes. It is important to study the influence of light on the molecular response of A. japonicus. In this study, RNA-seq provided a general overview of the gene expression profiles of the body walls of A. japonicus exposed to strong light（＂light＂）, normal light（＂control＂） and fully dark（＂dark＂） environment. In the comparisons of ＂control＂ vs. ＂dark＂, ＂control＂ vs. ＂light＂ and ＂dark＂ vs.＂light＂, 1 161, 113 and 1 705 differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were identified following the criteria of｜log2 ratio｜≥1 and FDR≤0.001, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that ＂cellular process＂ and ＂binding＂enriched the most DEGs in the category of ＂biological process＂ and ＂molecular function＂, while ＂cell＂ and ＂cell part＂ enriched the most DEGs in the category of ＂cellular component＂. And the DEGs were mapped to 214, 41 and229 pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, and 51, 2 and 57 pathways were significantly enriched, respectively. Light-specific DEGs identified in this study will be important targets for further investigation to establish the biochemical mechanisms involved in the adaption of this sea cucumber to changes in the level of environmental light.

浅谈正畸临床矫治新技术——球托止动定位轻力5s系统

达成精确的转矩表达和稳定的支抗控制是正畸治疗的关键因素,患者在治疗过程中对口腔健康与矫治感受的重视程度日益增长,球面自锁托槽(球托)在一定程度上满足了这两个方面的需求。球面自锁托槽的球面结构可以降低因佩戴矫治器而引起口腔溃疡的概率,并能减少生物膜附着,降低牙龈和牙周疾病的发生概率。与方形托槽相比,球面自锁托槽的脱落率降低了95%。止动定位系统是球面自锁托槽的核心创新点,主要由螺纹系统、螺丝系统和弓丝系统组成。得益于止动定位系统,球面自锁托槽可以去除余隙角,精准表达转矩,使用止锁螺丝时可增强支抗稳定性。止动定位系统搭配了3种特制的细方丝(0.1524 mm×0.6350 mm、0.2032 mm×0.5842 mm、0.2540 mm×0.5588 mm),用轻力排齐的同时可以表达转矩,控制牙根。球托矫治器以黏膜刺激小、脱落率低、转矩表达精准、支抗保有率高、细方丝轻力矫治等特点引起了广泛关注。

不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长、生物活性物积累及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长的影响,本研究以黑暗(D)作对照,采用单色红(R)、蓝(B)、绿(G)光源培养苦荞芽菜,收获后分别测定其形态指标、生物活性物积累量、类黄酮合成关键基因表达量及抗氧化活性指标,结果表明:B处理的苦荞芽菜下胚轴呈深红色,伸长生长受到强烈抑制,花青素、总黄酮及总酚积累量均最高,分别是D的7.18、2.96和2.49倍;R处理的下胚轴呈浅粉色,上述3种生物活性物积累量分别是对照的2.56、1.68和1.40倍;G处理的下胚轴伸长与R相似,外观呈透明白色,生物活性物积累量与对照无显著差异。B和R均强烈诱导类黄酮生物合成通路上关键结构基因表达,显著增加苦荞芽菜下胚轴抗氧化活性。此外,各单色光处理均未显著影响苦荞芽菜可食用部位的鲜重。由此可见,红、蓝LEDs光源可显著影响苦荞芽菜形态生长,并增加其生物活性物积累及抗氧化能力,以蓝光最佳。

红光、蓝光处理下马铃薯转录组特异表达基因密码子的偏好性分析

以红光、蓝光处理下的马铃薯转录组数据为基础,以白光为对照,各筛选出1206条、691条特异表达基因。通过CodonW、CUSP对筛选出的基因编码序列(CDS)进行密码子使用偏好性分析。结果表明,在红光、蓝光处理下,马铃薯对基因密码子的使用偏好性都较弱,都偏好使用A或T(U)结尾的密码子。在2种光质处理下,特异表达基因序列密码子的GC总量都与同义密码子在第3位的胞嘧啶和鸟嘌呤含量(GC3s)有极显著相关性。在2种光质处理下,高频密码子[相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)>1.00]均为30个,且高频密码子类型完全一致。从ENc-plot、PR2-plot和中性绘图结果可以看出,2种光质处理下的特异表达基因主要受到自然选择的影响。本研究还分别从蓝光、红光处理的特异表达基因中筛选26个、28个最优密码子。从马铃薯在不同光质处理下特异表达基因与其他生物密码子使用频率的比值及聚类分析结果可以看出,番茄、烟草均可作为红光、蓝光处理下马铃薯特异表达基因的异源表达受体。

人LIGHT基因的克隆及其重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的 克隆人ＬＩＧＨＴ基因，构建其重组腺病毒载体，以研究ＬＩＧＨＴ过表达与腺病毒感染对细胞生长的影响。方法用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法从人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中克隆人的ＬＩＧＨＴ全长基因。将ＬＩＧＨＴ ｃＤＮＡ克隆到穿棱载体ｐＡｄＴｒａｃｋ－ＣＭＶ－ＬＩＧＨＴ重组质粒中，经酶切线性化后，将重组质粒ｐＡｄＴｒａｃｋ－ＣＭＶ－ＬＩＧＨＴ和骨架质粒ｐＡｄＥａｓｙ－１，以电穿孔法共转染大肠杆菌ＢＪ５１８３，获得重组腺病毒质粒。最后，将线性化的重组腺病毒质粒转染２９３细胞包装获得重组腺病毒，用荧光显微镜、ＰＣＲ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析ＬＩＧＨＴ基因的表达。 结果 用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法从人的ＰＢＭＣ中，扩增出７２３ ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ，测序证实为人ＬＩＧＨＴ基因。荧光显微镜、ＰＣＲ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证实，ＬＩＧＨＴ重组腺病毒可感染２９３细胞，并在２９３细胞内进行有效的复制。结论成功地克隆了人ＬＩＧＨＴ基因，并构建了其重组腺病毒载体，为进一步研究ＬＩＧＨＴ基因的功能提供了条件。

刺葡萄STS基因克隆及其在不同光质下的表达水平

【目的】研究刺葡萄芪合酶(STS)基因的序列特征及其在不同光质处理下的表达水平,旨在为进一步解析STS基因通过响应光信号调控刺葡萄愈伤组织中白藜芦醇合成的分子机制提供依据。【方法】以刺葡萄愈伤组织为材料,利用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术成功克隆获得了4个STS基因,对这些基因及其编码蛋白进行了生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测其在不同光质下和不同培养阶段的表达水平。【结果】成功地从刺葡萄愈伤组织中克隆获得了VdSTS5、VdSTS6、VdSTS20、VdSTS21共4个基因,均含1179 bp完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码392个氨基酸残基,预测其编码的是亲水性、无信号肽的细胞质定位蛋白,磷酸化修饰主要发生在苏氨酸和丝氨酸位点上,蛋白质的二级结构主要由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲和延伸链组成,STS与查尔酮合成酶(CHS)的蛋白质序列具有高度同源性。4个VdSTS的蛋白质序列在系统进化树上处于3个不同的大分支中,其中,VdSTS5与VdSTS21处在不同的分支中,而VdSTS6与VdSTS20聚在同一分支中,葡萄属不同种之间的STS蛋白质序列相似度高,推测其可能具有相同的功能。启动子顺式作用元件预测发现,4个VdSTS启动子含有多个光响应元件,还含有转录因子识别和作用元件、激素作用元件等。光质显著影响4个VdSTS的表达,在白光、红光、黄光和黑暗处理下,VdSTS的总体表达水平较高,而在绿光和紫光处理下,VdSTS的总体表达水平较低;同时,VdSTS对不同光质的响应不仅存在着基因间的差异,还存在不同培养阶段的差异,VdSTS5在培养后期强烈响应黄光的调控,VdSTS6、VdSTS20在培养中期对黑暗和红光的响应最强,VdSTS21则在培养中期强烈响应红光的调控,这些基因表达水平的变化影响着刺葡萄愈伤组织中白藜芦醇的合成。【结论】4个VdSTS对光质的响应存在差异,可能在响应不同光质调控中对刺葡萄愈伤组织白藜芦醇的合成起到重要作用。

人LIGHT胞外段基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:构建人LIGHT胞外段基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。方法:从人外周血单核细胞来源的未成熟树突状细胞中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR得到LIGHT胞外段基因,并将其克隆至pET32a(+)原核表达载体中,经双酶切鉴定及序列测定后的重组质粒转化入E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白,并用SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行检测。结果:RT-PCR扩增出了大小为543bp的LIGHT胞外段基因,经测序证明序列正确。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析证实重组质粒可表达出Mr约为41000的蛋白。结论:成功地克隆了人LIGHT胞外段基因并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达为进一步研究LIGHT的功能打下了基础。

谷子SiNADP-ME1基因的光响应模式

为探究谷子光合基因SiNADP-ME1(Seita.3G109300)对光照强度和光质的响应模式,本研究以豫谷1号为材料,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)克隆SiNADP-ME1的编码序列(CDS序列),利用MEGA软件构建多物种进化树,构建PCAMBIA1300-SiNADP-ME1-GFP载体,转化农杆菌,注射烟草进行亚细胞定位,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)研究其在不同光照强度、光质处理下的表达模式。结果表明,SiNADP-ME1全长CDS序列为1731 bp,共编码576个氨基酸,定位于内质网,与狗尾草中SvNADP-ME1(XP_034584220.1)亲缘关系最近。该基因在不同组织器官及不同生育期表达量存在显著差异,在灌浆期穗中表达量最高,同时响应不同光强和光质,在不同光照强度处理下,SiNADP-ME1的表达呈显著变化,在1200μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)光照3 h表达量最高,是对照(正常光照,250μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))的4.25倍;在不同光质处理下,受红光影响最大,红光下表达量是黑暗处理表达量的47.27倍,是白光处理表达量的2.69倍。本研究结果为深入探讨SiNADP-ME1基因的生物学功能提供了一定的参考依据。

不同光质组合的LED灯对小白菜生长及氮代谢生理机制的研究

以‘早熟五号’小白菜为试材,采用5种光质处理,研究不同光处理下小白菜生长、品质以及氮代谢主要相关酶活性及基因相对表达量的影响机理。与CK相比,其他4个处理均显著提高了小白菜的株高、茎粗、地上部分鲜质量、地上部分干质量、地下部分鲜质量和地下部分干质量。所有处理中,RBP处理下可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、铵态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量达到最高,亚硝酸盐含量降低。RBP处理下硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性最高,RB和RBP处理明显增加了谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性。RB、RBG和RBP处理下谷氨酰胺合成酶(Gs)活性显著高于CK,谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性则在RBP处理下最低。基因表达方面,RBP处理下NR、NiR、Gs和GDH的mRNA表达水平最高,GOGAT的mRNA表达量以RB处理最高,RBP处理其次。结合生长量、氮代谢和相关基因表达的综合表现,在红蓝光基础上增加紫光对小白菜的生长最为有利。

火龙果HubHLH基因家族的全基因组分析及其对冬季补光诱导开花的表达响应

为了获得较完整的候选基因,探讨HubHLH基因在火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)冬季补光诱导开花过程的表达响应,对火龙果HubHLH基因家族进行全基因组分析。鉴定出153个HubHLH基因;这些基因的编码蛋白含有176~687个氨基酸,分子量大小为19.28~74.44 kDa,等电点(pI)为4.81~9.88,均为亲水蛋白,亚细胞定位预测大多定位到细胞核。为鉴定HubHLH基因家族的同源性,本研究将153个火龙果HubHLH和120个拟南芥AtbHLH蛋白进行系统发育比较分析。系统发育比较分析结果:火龙果HubHLH基因家族成员被分为12个组,25个亚族;对HubHLH基因家族的保守motif、基因结构及在染色体的位置分布的分析结果表明,同一亚族的基因具有相似的基序组成和基因结构。对HubHLH基因家族的内部复制事件的分析结果表明,有78条片段复制被鉴定为片段重复基因,说明片段复制是HubHLH基因家族的主要扩张力量。此外,基于已测定的关于火龙果冬季补光诱导开花的4个时期转录组数据,筛选到59个HubHLH基因在冬季补光诱导成花过程中有差异表达,随后对这59个HubHLH基因进行GO功能富集,发现它们在红光或远红光的反应、对光刺激的反应、有性生殖功能、对辐射的反应等功能上均有富集,说明HubHLH基因家族可能在冬季补光诱导火龙果成花过程中起到了调控作用。

具有高颜色表现能力与低蓝光危害的白光LED光谱优化

随着发光二极管的飞速发展,LED照明越来越多的被用于各个行业,且类似医疗、印刷、纺织、美容等行业对LED灯具的颜色表现能力要求很高;同时LED灯具带来的光生物危害也越来越被人们所重视,其中以LED蓝光危害最被人们所熟知。近年来很多研究者致力于如何降低白光LED的蓝光危害,但大部分工作都是在相对较低色温(CCT)的情况下获得需要的白光光谱,或者在一段色温范围内对进行离散穷举来找出最低蓝光危害的那一个相关色温对应的光谱;能够在不同的目标色温下获得同时拥有高颜色表现能力与低蓝光危害辐射的混合白光LED光谱几乎没有。为此,基于现有的多个LED提出了一种目标函数简单的非线性约束优化方法。在以往的研究中发现蓝光危害加权辐射通量与其相关色温呈现线性关系,随着其相关色温的增大,蓝光加权辐射通量也越来越大。要想获得具有低蓝光危害的白光LED光谱,只需固定其相关色温,就会得到每个目标相关色温对应的蓝光加权辐射通量,根据评价LED光源的蓝光危害辐射效率的计算公式,将其分子固定,只需最大化其分母,其蓝光危害辐射效率就会最小化,所以最大化辐射效率即可。针对其光谱功率分布,通过使用一个滤光片对被选择的多个LED混合后的光谱功率分布进行限制,同时因为实际生产需求要对滤光片的光谱透射率添加一个平滑约束,平滑约束则是使用加权平均的方法来完成。最后通过极大化“RP”方法得到各色LED的辐射量权重。仿真结果证明,该方法最终可以获得符合美国国家标准学会的ANSI/NEMA C78.377-2017标准的2700~6500 K八个目标相关色温,分别为2700、3000、3500、4000、4500、5000、5700和6500 K,各个CCT下的光源光谱其显色指数、色彩保真度、色域指数均在90以上,色偏差值在0.0054以内,蓝光危害辐射效率均在0.1以内的混合LED白光光谱。

油画的韵律:印象派大师莫奈的光影表达

本篇文章深入研究了19世纪法国的印象派画家“印象派之父”克洛德·莫奈的油画作品,光影表达是他的作品画面中的最大特点,本文以莫奈在油画界中所产生的艺术成就与贡献入手,结合莫奈的绘画特征与作品,分析其画面中的光与影,重点探讨他如何通过光影的变化、色彩的丰富和对自然的感知,创造出富有韵律感的画面,以及这种表达如何在印象派运动中发挥了重要作用。

Intense pulsed light‑based treatment for the improvement of symptoms in glaucoma patients treated with hypotensive eye drops

Background:Ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients is a significant ocular co-morbidity that can affect 40%to 59%of these patients worldwide.The current study was aimed at evaluating the potential clinical benefit of an intense pulsed light(IPL)-based treatment in glaucomatous patients with ocular surface disease due to prolonged hypotensive eyedrop treatments.To our knowledge,this is the first series analyzing the therapeutic effect of this treatment option in this type of patients.Methods:This non-comparative prospective case series study enrolled a total of 30 glaucoma patients ranging in age from 57 to 94 years old and treated with hypotensive eyedrops for years with dry eye symptomatology.All patients received four sessions of IPL treatment using the Optima IPL system(Lumenis,Yokneam,Israel)adjusted to the official optimized Lumenis setting.Changes in symptomatology,corneal staining,conjunctival hyperemia,non-invasive break-up time(NIBUT),tear osmolarity,tear meniscus height(TMH),meiboscore and meibomian gland expressibility was analyzed after treatment.Results:Statistically significant reductions were observed after IPL treatment in the symptomatology scores measured with different questionnaires[ocular surface disease index(OSDI),standard patient evaluation of eye dryness(SPEED)and symptom assessment questionnaire in dry eye(SANDE)]as well as with the visual analogue scale(P<0.001).Mean change in OSDI was−15.0±11.3.A significant reduction was found after treatment in the corneal staining score(P<0.001).A significant reduction was found in tear film meniscus height(P=0.012),as well as in tear film osmolarity(P=0.001).A significant reduction was also found in meibomian gland expressibility(P=0.003),changing the percentage of grade 3 eyes from 44.4%before IPL to 17.2%after treatment.Conclusions:IPL therapy combined with meibomian gland expression(MGX)seems to be an effective option to improve symptomatology in glaucomatous patients with ocular surface disease due to prolonged hypotensive eyedrop treatments,with an additional improvement in clinical signs,such as tear osmolarity and corneal staining.

LIGHT在自发Ⅰ型糖尿病小鼠中表达的分析

目的建立I型糖尿病NOD小鼠模型,探讨LIGHT在I型糖尿病模型NOD小鼠中的表达及意义。方法监测雌性NOD小鼠血糖、胰岛素水平;NOD小鼠分为4组,即未发病5周龄及11周龄组、发病1 w和2 w组。采用qRT-PCR、Western blot、免疫组化技术分析NOD小鼠胰腺组织LIGHT的mRNA、蛋白表达变化;ELISA法检测血清胰岛素、可溶性LIGHT及Th1细胞因子IFN-γ含量;HE染色检测胰岛炎,对胰岛炎评分,并对血清LIGHT含量与IFN-γ含量及胰岛炎积分进行相关性分析。结果糖尿病发病组NOD小鼠胰腺组织LIGHT基因的mRNA和蛋白表达及血清LIGHT浓度均明显高于未发病的5周龄组(P<0.05),血清中Th1细胞因子IFN-γ分泌显著增加。血清LIGHT含量与IFN-γ水平及胰岛炎积分呈明显正相关(r1=0.52,r2=0.87,P<0.01)。结论 LIGHT在NOD小鼠胰腺组织中的表达上调,可能影响Th1细胞因子IFN-γ的分泌及胰岛炎程度,血清LIGHT能反映I型糖尿病胰岛炎的严重程度。