Optimizing Bucket Elevator Performance through a Blend of Discrete Element Method, Response Surface Methodology, and Firefly Algorithm Approaches

This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.

新结构形式FA电动机翻转输送机设计

文中简要描述了输送机系统的作用,并着重描述了过消防门的输送机。根据相应的数据选择电动机型号,并计算输出功率、转速等数据,对老式链传动输出轴和新式FA电动机输出轴进行扭矩、挠度等理论计算得的数据进行对比。为了合理设计新结构形式的FA电动机翻转输送机,在确定数据后对其进行建模和力学运动仿真分析。

Beyond the Façades in Tehran:When Tradition Meets Innovation

Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing from the characteristics of an introverted house enclosed by walls overlooking an inner courtyard to the multi-storey condominium with an extroverted outlook.Here the façade becomes a key element:it is a threshold between urban and private,outdoor and indoor.The article shows a mosaic of patterns and materials of the new mid-rise residential building façades via photographs and diagrams to emphasize the strict connection between contemporary design and local tradition.

The Development of a Smart Mobile App for Building Façade Defects Inspections

The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments.This paper reports on the development,testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring.The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools,including VR(virtual reality),and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making.The mobile app:(i)allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans;(ii)provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset;and(iii)captures,records and catalogues images of façade defect types,and the date and time.An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype.The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.

Solutions for the Rehabilitation of Historical Building Facades with Local Materials

The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.

Applying Double Skin Facade with ETFE Membrane Assembly for Energy Saving and Acoustic Protection for the Building of the Czech Institute of Informatics,Robotics and Cybernetics in Prague

Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical University in Prague consists of two buildings, newly constructed building and adaptive reuse of existing building. CIIRC—Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics is a contemporary teaching facility of new generation and use for scientific research teams. New building has ten above-ground floors, on the bottom 4 floors of laboratories, scientist modules, classrooms, above are offices, meeting rooms, teaching and research modules for professors and students. Offices of the rector are on the last two floors of the building. On the top floor is congress type auditorium, in the basement is fully automatic car park. Double skin pneumatic cushions facade. In the project are introduced series of architectural and technical features and innovations. Probably the most visible is the double skin facade facing south-transparent double layer membrane ETFE (Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen) cushions with triple glazed modular system assembly. Acting as solar collector, recuperating of hot air on the top floors, saving up to 30% of an energy consumption.

地铁车载FAS系统通用化方案设计与研究

为有效对国内所有城市不同车型的地铁车辆火灾安全隐患进行检测防控,基于火灾自动监测报警技术,结合地铁火灾的特点,综合不同车型地铁参数进行技术方案对比计算,进而完成通用化技术方案配置,设计研发出一套能够适用于国内所有地铁的通用化车载FAS系统方案。该系统方案配置在实际应用中可满足国内不同地域使用不同地铁车型时对火灾监测防控的需求,同时也符合国内地铁车辆及子系统通用化、统型化、标准化目标的发展趋势,通用性强,适用性广。

基于Kriging的多阶段加点策略及离心叶轮汽蚀优化

为了实现燃油离心泵汽蚀特性智能优化设计,提出一种基于Kriging的多阶段主动学习加点策略。重点是建立3个阶段的加点策略,并明确各阶段加点策略的切换判据。基于一维函数、多维函数等测试函数,与单加点策略对比以验证多阶段主动学习加点策略的有效性。进而,以某型燃油离心泵为例,完成所提出加点策略在其汽蚀特性的优化应用。测试函数算例结果表明:多阶段主动学习加点策略达到相同精度所需时间稍长于单MSE策略,优于单EI策略与单CV策略;但相比单MSE策略,全局最优解局部精度更高。离心泵汽蚀特性优化结果表明:优化泵进口处压力损失降低且进口处回流、旋涡等局部流动减弱,蜗壳内压力梯度增大且其出口处旋涡流动减弱;优化泵的汽蚀系数提高30.83%,汽蚀余量下降9.14%,汽蚀比转数下降7.17%,泵内气体含量下降17.27%,所提出的方法有效地提高了离心泵的抗汽蚀性能。

FA新型摆线针轮行星传动装置的反求设计

在对 FA系列摆线传动装置进行深入分析的基础上 ,对偏心方向、摆线轮修形方式、参数优选等技术难题进行研究 ,反求设计出 FA45 - 5 9机型样机 ,样机试验结果达到了设计要求。利用反求成果形成了适合国情的新 FA传动系列并编制相应工程软件 ,可以为工厂提供完整的 FA传动新系列产品的三维造型图。

基于用户需求导向的智能座舱柔性试验台概念设计集成方法

为解决传统座舱试验台结构同质化及模块化设计不足等问题,采用亲和图法整理了汽车故障及用户初始需求;采用模糊Kano模型进行需求指标权重计算,并结合质量特性要素进行用户核心需求汇总;通过功能分析系统技术(Function Analysis System Technique,FAST)黑箱模型将用户需求转化为功能需求,并引入公理设计(Axiomatic Design,AD)理论与功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)模型进行逐级映射,最终确定智能座舱柔性试验台的结构设计要素。该设计过程以用户核心需求为导向,通过FAST-AD-FBS集成方法的应用,克服了传统产品概念设计中用户需求与产品功能结构设计间存在矛盾的问题,为提高产品创新设计的完整性及准确性提供了理论参考。

基于高精度FA针摆传动反求的最佳齿廓设计

在对高精度FA型针摆传动的FA45-29二齿差机型反求的基础上,通过进行测量数据处理确定了样机的重要参数,同时采用保证高精度传动的最佳齿廓的设计理论进行编程优化最佳修形量,进行最佳齿廓的设计,在保证相同的回差的同时可以有更好的承载能力.将设计的最佳齿廓以及优化的修顶曲线与反求样机齿廓使用Matlab进行了齿形比较分析,并分别建立和装配了三维模型,使用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行了受力分析的验证,理论优化的齿廓承载能力更佳.

在地文化于勉县农产品包装设计中的应用研究

目的企业的品牌形象塑造很大程度离不开包装设计的作用,一款好的包装设计,不仅能提高产品的附加值,还能增强企业的市场竞争力。本研究结合笔者代表西安美术学院对实践项目“乡村振兴农文旅创新行动”的参与,把地域文化因素融入农产品,给它们带来了更强烈的品牌差异化和丰富的品牌附加值;挖掘各种商品背后所蕴涵的地方文化,把它们融合到农特产品包装设计之中。方法通过参与乡村振兴农文旅创新行动,对勉县农产品包装从地域文化价值、图形元素、包装形式、材质等角度对其进行改进,从而推动勉县当地农产品品牌的发展,为未来农产品的发展奠定基础。结论通过对农产品在地文化的解读与重构将当地的地域特征和人文名胜赋予商品的内涵之中,从而提高产品附加值,对乡村农特产品的发展有着深远意义和影响。

The effects of cool materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption at the residential neighborhood scale

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

基于AD与TRIZ的加工中心主轴松拉刀机构优化设计

数控加工中心在加工过程中常出现主轴松刀力不足或无法松刀的现象。针对此问题,通过TRIZ系统组件分析明确现有松拉刀机构各组件间作用关系,利用因果链分析得出影响松刀的根本原因,最终应用TRIZ理论中的物场模型分析方法和AD独立性原理提出优化设计方案。根据新方案计算出实际工况下的主轴松刀力和螺杆强度,并对松刀杆进行建模和仿真。结果表明:最大位移量为6.995μm,最大应力为45.24 MPa,符合结构设计要求。最后,经过现场实物测试,当液压力为5 MPa时,松刀行程、松刀力以及打刀量均符合生产要求,验证了优化设计方案的合理性。

地震监测自组网系统的研究与设计

传统观察台网是一种用于观测和监测的网络系统,由多个分区在特定区域的观测点组成,随时收集和传送环境数据、参考数据或其他类型的观察数据,但其在通信范围扩展、网络稳定性和性能效率方面还略显不足。基于Mesh协议的自主网络系统在密集观测台网中具备良好的通信能力和数据控制能力,用于解决密集观测台中的通信问题。该系统通过引入Mesh网络结构和能量感知机制,实现通信范围扩展、网络自主组织和数据控制等功能。该研究为密集观测台网的应用提供一种可行的解决方案,并具有很好的实用性和估值。通过设计无线自组网传输系统与台阵监控管理中心和自组网管理节点相结合可以更好地对系统进行研究。

Experiment and simulation to determine the optimum orientation of building-integrated photovoltaic on tropical building façades considering annual daylight performance and energy yield

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.

集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的适老化居家护理床设计研究

目标为增加家具产品适老化程度,提升老年用户使用护理床满意度,集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS模型构建出一种适老化居家护理床方法。方法首先,通过多渠道用户调研方法获取22项用户需求,应用AHP法求解不同属性下用户需求权重,明确相对重要用户需求;其次,为匹配护理床研发生产中工程设计参数,依据AD公理设计中的独立性公理原则,将老年居家护理床的功能域至设计域进行映射,并通过设计矩阵求解判断设计合理性及最优解,明确企业量产工程技术参数,并根据其进行方案设计;最后,采用TOPSIS法对设计方案及样本进行决策计算及评估,客观评选最佳设计方案。结果集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的居家护理床设计方法,可准确求解用户需求权重、科学转换设计参数、客观评价设计方案,并极大优化适老化居家护理床用户体验及满意度。结论为同类适老化居家产品设计研发提供参考,其也可为适老化居家产品研究提供学术范式及路径。

卫星导航接收机带外电磁干扰效应研究

针对导航接收机在带外电磁干扰下出现卫星跟踪丢失的现象,以导航接收机为研究对象,开展连续波电磁干扰注入效应试验,得到导航接收机在电磁干扰下的敏感阈值曲线。通过利用先进设计系统(advanced design system,ADS)电路仿真软件构建导航接收机射频前端电路,仿真分析结果表明带外电磁干扰下产生的副通道干扰是导致卫星跟踪丢失的主要原因。同时,通过数学模型分析和试验验证的方法,得知低次谐波敏感频段的效应机理与射频前端低噪声放大器有关,这对于提升导航接收机抗带外电磁干扰的能力具有一定指导意义。

集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的儿童家具产品设计路径研究

时代发展与技术进步促使越来越多儿童家具产品涌入市场,本研究集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS理论于儿童家具产品设计研发中,以开发更具人性化与个性化儿童家具产品,提升其市场竞争力。首先,通过多种渠道用户调研挖掘儿童家具产品初始用户需求,并运用AHP法计算用户需求权重值;其次,基于AD理论独立性公理和信息公理将权重较高用户需求进行设计参数映射,逐步判断设计合理性与最优解,寻求儿童家具产品最优工程技术参数,以此进行方案设计;最后,集成AHP-TOPSIS模型对儿童家具设计方案进行客观评价,充分验证设计方案可行性及设计路径科学性。结果表明,基于AHP-AD的儿童学习桌设计方案均优于市场上已有样本产品。该研究路径可提高儿童家具产品开发流程的系统性,增强儿童对家具产品使用体验,并可为儿童家具产品设计研发提供参考路径。

双层外立面对竖直向下火蔓延影响的实验研究

通过实验研究了层间效应对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯向下火蔓延特性的影响。在6组不同立面间距的条件下,对火焰高度、温度、质量损失速率和火蔓延速率等参数进行研究,建立了传热物理模型并进行理论分析,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在预热区和热解区的辐射、对流热反馈的函数表达式。实验结果表明:随着外立面之间间距的增大,火焰厚度减小,火焰形状发生不规则变化;质量损失速率的对数与火焰高度的对数呈线性关系;在间距不同的情况下,火焰的最高温度保持不变;随着间距的增加,火蔓延速率分3个阶段逐渐下降。理论分析表明:间距变化时,对流和辐射热反馈所占主导地位不同,当间距大于6 cm时,辐射热反馈几乎可以忽略不计,且理论分析与实验结果一致。