Invariant measures for the strong-facilitated exclusion process

Consider a generalized model of the facilitated exclusion process, which is a onedimensional exclusion process with a dynamical constraint that prevents the particle at site x from jumping to x+1 (or x-1) if the sites x-1, x-2 (or x+1, x+2) are empty. It is nongradient and lacks invariant measures of product form. The purpose of this paper is to identify the invariant measures and to show that they satisfy both exponential decay of correlations and equivalence of ensembles. These properties will play a pivotal role in deriving the hydrodynamic limit.

Effects of primary PCI and facilitated PCI on myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony in acute myocardial infarction patients

Objective To evaluate short time effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and rtPA thrombolysis+PCI (rtPA+PCI) on myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony in AMI patients.Methods Eighty seven patients with first AMI were divided into two groups: group A ( n =42), pPCI group, the patients underwent PCI within 6h after onset of AMI; group B ( n =45), rtPA+PCI group, the patients underwent PCI after thrombolysis within 6h after onset of AMI; Myocardial viability was measured by 99m Tc MIBI SPECT. While, the parameters of cardiac function LVEF and ventricular systolic synchrony LVPS were measured by 99m Tc gated cardiac blood pool image on the first and the fourth weekend. Results (1) The peak CK MB was significantly lower in group A than that in group B( P <0.01 ). (2) Myocardial infarction area (MIA) was decreased and radioactivity counts in MIA was significantly increased in group A and B on the 4th weekend compared with that on the first weekend ( P <0.01 ), but there were no significant difference between group A and group B. (3) LVEF, LVPS were no significant difference between group A and group B.Conclusions (1)pPCI in acute myocardial infartion can limit infarct area, maintain ventricular systolic synchrony and improve ventricular function; (2) but, in those hospitals that there were no any condition for PCI, they should transfer the patients to central hospital for PCI after thrombolysis at the first time. It is beneficial to improve myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony of AMI patients in short time.

GAS BUBBLE-FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF METALS IN LITHOSPHERE

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｄｉｓｔａｎｔｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｄｅｐｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｈａｖｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｉｎｃｅ１９８０．Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｓｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｔ...

Polyvinylamine-Based Facilitated Transport Membranes for Post-Combustion CO_(2) Capture:Challenges and Perspectives from Materials to Processes

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture by gas-separation membranes has become increasingly attractive due to its high energy efficiency,relatively low cost,and environmental impact.Polyvinylamine(PVAm)-based facilitated transport(FT)membranes were developed in the last decade for CO_(2) capture.This work discusses the challenges of applying PVAm-based FT membranes from materials to processes for postcombustion CO_(2) capture in power plants and cement factories.Experiences learned from a pilot demonstration system can be used to guide the design of other membranes for CO_(2) capture.The importance of module and process design is emphasized in the achievement of a high-performance membrane system.Moreover,the results from process simulation and cost estimation indicate that a three-stage membrane system is feasible for achieving a high CO_(2) purity of 95 vol%.The specific CO_(2) capture cost was found to significantly depend on the required CO_(2) capture ratio,and a moderate CO_(2) capture ratio of 50%presented a cost of 63.7USD per tonne CO_(2) captured.Thus,FT membrane systems were found to be more competitive for partial CO_(2) capture.

PVA/PVP blend polymer matrix for hosting carriers in facilitated transport membranes: Synergistic enhancement of CO2 separation performance

CO2 separation performance in facilitated transport membranes has been reported depended not only on the CO2 carrier properties but also to a great extent on the polymeric matrix regarding the capacity of retaining water and carriers as well as the processability for coating defect-free ultra-thin films. In this study, the blends of hydrophilic polymers polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were studied to find an optimal polymer matrix to host carriers in facilitated transport membranes for enhanced CO2 separation. It is found out that the optimized blend is 50/50 PVA/PVP by weight, which shows a significant increase in the water uptake(from 63 to 84%) at equilibrium state compared to the neat PVA. Polyethyleneimine(PEI) was employed to provide sample carriers to evaluate the synergistic effect of PVA and PVP on the CO2 separation performance. A thin film composite(TFC) membrane of the optimized blend(50/50 PVA/PVP with 50 wt% PEI) was fabricated on polysulfone(PSf) porous support. The fabrication of the TFC membranes is simple and low cost, and CO2 permeance of the optimized blend membrane is nearly doubled with the CO2/N2 selectivity remained unchanged, showing great potential for industrial applications of the resulted membranes.

COMPETITIVE FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF ACID GASES IN MODIFIED CARRIER MEMBRANES

1 INTRODUCTIONMany attempts to develop semipermeable membranes for gas separation have beendone over the past twenty years [1,2].However,it is still difficult to prepare apolymer film which makes certain gas separation processed within range of being econ-omically and technically feasible,since most polymeric materials are relativelyimpermeable to gases.Facilitated transport concept which was first proposed

Y chromosomal clue successfully facilitated the arrest of Baiyin serial killer

The Baiyin serial murders,or called Gan-Meng 8.05 serial murders,has been considered to be the most infamous among the major criminal cases since 1949.Between May26,1988 and February 9,2002,11 women including an8-year-old girl were found gagged,raped,and murdered,often by slitting their throats,and some of their bodies were mutilated brutally,resembling the infamous‘‘Jack the Ripper’’killings that occurred in London more than one hundred years ago.Nine of these 11 murders took place

Mechanisms of sodium and potassium ions transfer facilitated by dibenzo-15-crown-5 across the water/1,2-dichloro-ethane interface using micropipettes

The transfer of sodium and potassium ions facilitated by dibenzo-15-crown-5 (DB15C5) has been studied at the micro-water/l,2-dichloroethane (water/DCE) interface supported at the tip of a micropipette. Cyclic volt-ammetric measurements were performed in two limiting conditions: the bulk concentration of Na+ or K+ in the aqueous phase is much higher than that of DB15C5 in the organic phase (DB15C5 diffusion controlled process) and the reverse condition (metal ion diffusion controlled process). The mechanisms of the facilitated Na+ transfer by DB15C5 are both transfer by interfacial complexation (TIC) with 1:1 stoichiometry under these two conditions, and the corresponding association constants were determined at log β1 = 8.97±0.05 or log β1 = 8.63±0.03. However, the transfers of K+ facilitated by DB15C5 show different behavior. In the former case it is a TIC process and its stoichiometry is 1:2, whereas in the latter case two peaks during the forward scan were observed, the first of which was

Facilitated transport separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S by supported liquid membrane based on task-specific protic ionic liquids

Selective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) is of importance to the natural gas upgrading because of its cor-rosivity. As is well known, amine group can recognize reversibly CO_(2) and H_(2)S with a moderate interaction. Withthis in mind, this work prepared a series of amine-functionalized supported-protic-ionic-liquid membranes(SPILMs) for the selective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) . For comparison, aprotic ionic liquid membranewas also prepared for natural gas sweetening. The effect of temperature and transmembrane pressure differenceon the permeability of single gas and ideal selectivity of CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)S/CO_(2) were studied. Facilitated transportmechanism was studied by NMR spectra. The permeability of CO_(2) in primary amine functionalized [DMPDAH][Tf_(2)N]-based membrane decreases with the increasing transmembrane pressure, indicating a typical feature offacilitated transport membrane. The permeability of CO_(2) and the ideal selective of CO_(2)/CH_(4) are as high as 2000 barrers and 53.2 at 313.2 K in [DMPDAH][Tf_(2)N] membrane, significantly higher than those in conventional ILsmembrane. It is anticipated that these amine-functionalized SPILMs can provide alternative insight for the se-lective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) .

Sex-specific facilitation and reproduction of the gynodioecious cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides on the Himalaya-Hengduan mountains,SW China

When benefiting other beneficiaries,cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects.The feedback effects on different sex morphs,however,remains unclear.In this study,taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytrichiodes as a model species,we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio,and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios.The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites.Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites.These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity,and female cushion A.polytrichoides may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production,while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production.The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries.In addition,strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites,but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs.However,the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females,suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites.All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion A.polytrichoides,with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites.Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs,in long-term perspective,may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.

Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines

Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally,but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly understood.Here,the size and age of shrubs from 26 Salix shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient(30°-38°N)were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Point pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults,and to assess spatial associations between them.Mean intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic variables.Bivariate mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark(shrub height,basal stem diameter,crown width)were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and adults.Structural equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions,patterns,shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate change.Most shrublines showed clustered patterns,suggesting the existence of conspecific facilitation.Clustered patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions(potentially facilitation)tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture stress.Summer warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub recruitment.However,summer warming after2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub recruitment.Therefore,shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns,alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to climate.These changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.

Fuel of the Future

Lawmakers call for stepping up hydrogen power production to facilitate China’s clean and low-carbon energy transformation and create a new engine of growth.

Systematic study of the transfer of amino acids across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface facilitated by dibenzo-18-crown-6

Facilitated ion transfer reactions of 20 amino acids with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (W/DCE) interfaces supported at the tips of micro- and nano-pipets were investigated systematically using cyclic voltammetry. It was found that there were only 10 amino acids, that is, Leu, Val, Ile, Phe, Trp, Met, Ala, Gly, Cys, Gln (in brief), whose protonated forms as cations can give well-defined facilitated ion transfer voltammograms within the potential window, and the reaction pathway was proven to be consistent with the transfer by interfacial complexation/dissociation (TIC/TID) mechanisms. The association constants of DB 18C6 with different amino acids in the DCE (β0), and the kinetic parameters of reaction were evaluated based on the steady-state voltammetry of micro- or nano-pipets, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the selectivity of complexation of protonated amino acid by DB18C6 compared with that of alkali metal cations was low, which can be attributed to the vicinal effect arising from steric hindrance introduced by their side group and the steric bulk effect by lipophilic stabilization. Moreover, the association constants and the standard rate constants for different amino acids showed good correlations with their hydrophobicity (π), except Gly and Met, which inferred that the selectivity of such heterogeneous complex reaction for different amino acids with DB18C6, was not only affected by discrimination in binding these ions to the crown ether macro-cycle, but also significantly modified by the ion transfer Gibbs energy which was closely related to the structure of the transferred ions, protonated amino acids.

上海市实施整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式的促进和障碍因素

目的分析整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式实施的促进和障碍因素,区分模式服务量高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组在实施性研究的整合性理论框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)上的结构差异,为政府部门提供政策建议。方法结合CFIR对22名专家进行半结构化访谈,采用定性结构评级法对13家社区卫生服务中心受访者评分,利用NVivo 12软件编码。结果高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组的相对优势、外部政策与激励、实施准备度、反思和评价、领导个人特质5个CFIR结构有差异。促进因素包括:测量数据更加精准,提高了高血压和糖尿病患者的异常检出率和控制率;模式实现了服务、技术、数据“三整合”,优化管理流程,提供管理抓手;基础性和个性化服务结合吸引患者到基层就诊;模式与我国政策背景,初级卫生保健工作和以患者为中心理念兼容;数字化工具的应用减轻医护人员工作负担;领导重视是基础,利益方间的通力合作是重要保障。障碍因素包括:宏观层面缺少卫生行政机构的支持性政策,组织架构和运行机制尚未建立,建设、投入主体以及具体工作规范和流程有待明确;缺乏监督管理机制和质量评估小组;模式推广目标模糊;缺乏规范化系统性的培训计划;为不同群体提供服务存在挑战,缺乏有效的社会面宣传;模式仍须提高需方获得感;社区布局限制了模式的服务提供。结论卫生行政部门应明确模式的建设、运行、投入主体,完善组织架构并明确各利益方的功能定位和职责分工,进一步制定工作规范和工作流程;建立信息反馈机制和质量控制小组并进行定期评估;制定清晰的目标;加大宣传教育,扩大宣传面;利用数字化工具形成良性医患互动机制。

Facilitation of controllable excitation in Rydberg atomic ensembles

Strongly-interacting Rydberg atomic ensembles have shown intense collective excitation effects due to the inclusion of single Rydberg excitation shared by multiple atoms in the ensemble.In this paper we investigate a counter-intuitive Rydberg excitation facilitation with a strongly-interacting atomic ensemble in the strong probe-field regime,which is enabled by the role of a control atom nearby.Differing from the case of a single ensemble,we show that,the control atom's excitation adds to a second two-photon transition onto the doubly-excited Rydberg state,arising an excitation facilitation for the ensemble atoms.Our numerical studies depending on the method of quantum Monte Carlo wave function,exhibit the observation constraints of this excitation facilitation effect under practical experimental conditions.The results obtained can provide a flexible control for the excitation of Rydberg atomic ensembles and participate further uses in developing mesoscopic Rydberg gates for multiqubit quantum computation.

Open visitation in the NICU:nurses’perspectives on barriers and facilitators

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the nurses’perspectives on open family visitation and its barriers and facilitators in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs).Methods:This is a descriptive,cross-sectional study.A total of 113 nurses employed in 3 main NICUs of Tabriz participated in the study through the census sampling method.Nurses’perspectives on open visitation and its facilitators and barriers were assessed and analyzed using the Beliefs and Attitudes toward Visitation in NICU Questionnaire(BAVNIQ)and descriptive and analytical statistics,respectively.Results:Approximately 74%of the nurses who participating in the study had a moderate perspective on open visitation.From the nurses’viewpoint,“Parents’low awareness of sensitivity and hygienic principles of the NICU”was the first(90.3%)barrier,and the 2 factors,namely,“physical structure of the ward/lack of sufficient space”and“far distance between family’s residence and the hospital/having another child,”were the second(86.8%)barrier with an equal percentage.Among the facilitating factors,“Supporting employed parents during the neonate’s hospitalization”and“providing facilities for family accommodation in the hospital”were the first(82.3%)and the second(79.6%)facilitators,respectively,for open visitation.Conclusions:The majority of NICU nurses had a moderate perspective on the family open visitation.This reluctance seems to be originated mainly from the factors inhibiting open visitation,making its implementation challenging for nurses.The perspective of the frontline staff in caring for vulnerable infants on facilitators and barriers to open visitation may help policymakers,managers,and relevant officials in decision-making and implementing new visiting policies in the NICUs.

HIV Counseling and Testing Uptake,Knowledge and Attitude and Influencing Factors among Student Nurses and Midwives in The Gambia:An Institutional-based Cross-sectional Study

HIV counseling and testing(HCT)has become paramount in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS worldwide.However,the uptake of HCT has been very slow globally,especially in sub-Saharan Africa.Student nurses formed the largest group undergoing health care training in the country compared to doctors and other health cadres.According to WHO,they are part of the most vulnerable group to HIV infection,judging by the fact that they interact more with patients/clients than other healthcare professionals.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCT uptake,knowledge,and attitude and evaluate influencing factors among student nurses and midwives in public nursing schools.An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 305 randomly selected nursing students and midwives using a validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire.Descriptive statistics(percentages,mean and standard deviation)and inferential statistics(chi square,logistics regression,one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test)were used for data analysis using SPSS version 25.0.A p-value<0.05 was considered for statistical significance.Out of the 305 students recruited for the study,60.98%were females,with a mean age of 25.5 years old.About 58.4%of the participants had tested for HIV in the past.About 95.7%acknowledged the importance of HCT in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.HCT uptake among student nurses and midwives was influenced by factors ranging from an individual that are interpersonal challenges(such as concerns of friends),perceived susceptibility to the disease,lack of confidentiality,stigma and discrimination from health service providers.Therefore,these barriers can be addressed through an organized targeted health education intervention and advocacy programs across health training institutions in the Gambia and beyond.

一个基于Mobile Agent的课件搜索系统的框架设计

本文主要介绍了ＤＯＬＴＲＩ－Ａｇｅｎｔ（ＤｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄＯｐｅｎＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇＴｒａｉｎｉｎｇＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅ－ｔｒｉｅｖａｌＡｇｅｎｔ）运行环境ＭＡＦ（ＭｏｂｉｌｅＡｇｅｎｔＦａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｏｒ）的实现原理及其相关技术．ＤＯＬＴＲＩ－Ａｇｅｎｔ是将ＭｏｂｉｌｅＡｇｅｎｔ的概念引入网络信息搜索领域中来而设计的一个信息搜索系统，ＭＡＦ是ＭｏｂｉｌｅＡｇｅｎｔ的外部运行环境，包含如下组成模块：安全管理模块，移动智能体管理模块，移动智能体通信模块，移动智能体传输模块，移动智能体命名服务和移动智能体协作服务．

网格环境下一个基于Mobile Agent的数字图书馆资源发现的框架设计

网格资源发现技术为数字图书馆发现资源文件和其它存储于桌面机的大文件提供了一种高效的解决方案,本文主要介绍了Mobile Agent Facilitator在数字图书馆的实现原理及其相关技术。

名师发展与教学模式

不久前在人教社首届"全国名师发展学校"(兰州班)上,听了北京师范大学教育学部王本陆教授作的《中小学教学改进的四大模式》的讲座,很受启发,有些感想,记录下来,供老师们批评指正。一、名师要探索自己的教学模式任何一位教师都有其教学的套路或模式,无论你意识到还是没有意识到,也不管是自觉还是不自觉的。