Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance Carbon Market Policy and Action in Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. Carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a Carbon market in Malawi.

Cassava sector development in Cameroon: Production and marketing factors affecting price

Regular and available supply is the prerequisite of an effective and efficient commercialization process. Using multivariate regression analysis on field data, this research appraises the production and marketing factors that influence cassava market price. The production factors include cultivated area, planting material, yield, and farmers’ field schools;while farmers access to a paved road, having a telephone, the transportation costs of fresh roots, the level of root perishability, and the prices of rice and maize stand as marketing factors. The results show that farmers who attended farmers’ field school adopted improved planting materials, propagated them in their localities and the yields in these communities increased significantly. The farm size also has a significant influence on the availability of fresh roots. On the marketing side, transportation costs, access to a paved road, the prices of rice and maize significantly affect cassava’s market price and tighten the relationship between producers and marketers. We conclude that to increase fresh roots supply, roads leading to cultivating areas should be paved, better transportation provided, communication costs reduced, even distribution of planting materials and appropriate warehouses.

Marketing Factors Affecting Middle Class Consumer’s Buying Decision in Housing Market in Nanning City

It is important to study the relationship between marketing factors and purchase decisions of middle-class consumers in Nanning housing market.This study will investigate the factors influencing people decision to purchase houses in Nanning City.The extrinsic housing attributes at this study consist of environmental attributes and location attributes.I have a limited understanding of the purchase behavior of Nanning home buyers in Nanning City.This study adopts the data collection methods of e-mail and field survey.Based on 509 questionnaires,the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression.The results show that location attributes,such as school districts,positively influence housing purchase decisions in Nanning City.This study contributes to an improved understanding of home buyers’decision making in Nanning City.The beneficiaries of this study include home buyers and marketers and academic institutions.To better meet home buyers’needs and achieve a competitive advantage,marketers can use the research outcomes to focus more on those housing purchase factors that significantly influence house buyers’purchase decision making.

Factors of Marketing Toward Customer Decision-Making in Cross-Border E-Commerce:Case Study of QD Company

Taking small cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company as an example,this study targets customers consuming on the platform of cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company,and the purpose is to study the marketing factors affecting customer decision-making.By combining with relevant literature,this paper preliminarily confirmed that 7Ps,Technology Acceptance Model(TAM),and customer decision-making theory as the theoretical basis,and established the theoretical model.According to the mature scale of domestic and foreign scholars to measure the research variables,with 7Ps and TAM as the independent variable,TAM perceived usefulness and ease of use as the core of the independent variable,customer decision-making as the dependent variable,in the test before the project,forming a formal questionnaire,the main data are obtained through the design and distribution of the questionnaire.Based on a large number of relevant literature,this paper examines the marketing factors influencing customer decisions in cross-border e-commerce,then identifies goals,builds models,and proposes hypotheses.According to the technical acceptance model in consumer behavior theory,select the cross-border e-commerce enterprise quantum dot platform of consumers as the research object,finally through SPSS software on cross-border consumer feedback,including descriptive statistical analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis,regression analysis test customer satisfaction,finally found a significant positive relationship between customer decision-making and marketing mix and TAM variables.

Major Factors Influences the 2008 Stock Market

2007 was an unusual year for China's stock market, as the index climbed from 2675 points up to 6124 by the end of the year, setting new records again and again throughout 2007. What will happen to the stock market in the coming 2008? Let's havea look at some of the main factors that will influence the stock market this year, perhaps we can find out if 2008 will be another memorable year full of surprises.……

Effect of Population Factors on China＇s Housing Market

The population factors have an important influence on the housing market. Based on forecasting the change of population quantity, family size, age composition, and population migration, this paper estimates and analyzes the future demand for residence in China and its purpose is to provide a guide for the residential construction by the supply-demand rule.

Selection Factors for Market Subjects of Agricultural Industrial Development

The paper firstly analyzes selection factors for market subjects of agricultural industrial development in China. From the political aspect, it is required to take account of features of subjects of agricultural industrial development at current stage. From economic aspects, we should adheres to the two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management in the countryside, and cultivate and foster subject enterprises according to features of most important market subjects in market economy. From natural aspects, it is proposed to consider features of agricultural industry and inherent advantages of agricultural resources in China. From social aspects, it is essential to draw on successful experience of developed countries in developing market subjects of agricultural industry.

Factor and Cluster Analysis as a Tool for Patient Segmentation Applied to Hospital Marketing in Jordan

Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions and complaints. In this work we have undertaken a survey based marketing study for two main objectives: The first being to better understand the patient clusters through k-means clustering and the second to understand customer perception of the different known quality perspectives through factor rotated and unrotated analysis. All of the questionnaires were designed according to international studies. Based on general descriptive statistics, items classified with higher variance but important, are: clean environment, doctors and nurses capabilities, and specialized doctors. Items that are less important with low variance are: food type, lighting and insurance. Also, items classified as more important with low variance are: recommended, no mistakes, and the cost. Using factor analysis rotated and unrotated reduced the variables into five main variables described as: medical aspects, psychological aspects, cost aspects, hospital image and ease of access and procedures. Using k-means clustering, the customers can be clustered into four main clusters with two of them described as general patient with wide variety of interest, serious cases interested in specialized doctors and food, and very serious case with high stress on equipment, no mistakes.

数字经济、要素市场化与产业结构转型升级

作为一类高融合性、高协同性、高成长性、高科技性的经济形态,数字经济为产业结构转型升级提供新动能。立足2009—2021年中国10个国家级城市群面板数据,借助双固定效应模型检验数字经济、要素市场化与产业结构升级之间的关系。结果显示:数字经济、要素市场化与政府治理转型均能推动产业结构转型升级,且要素市场化、政府治理转型在数字经济推动产业结构升级过程中发挥中介效应。不同数字经济类型对各城市群产业结构升级均具有正向推动作用,且在空间层面呈现“东部地区>中部地区>东北地区>西部地区”趋势。相比于大型城市,中小城市要素市场化对产业结构升级的促进作用更强,数字经济对产业结构升级的促进作用偏小。另外,产业数字化对产业结构转型升级的作用存在显著单一门槛效应,即跨过门槛值后产业数字化方可显著推动产业结构升级。据此,提出构筑数字经济发展新生态、布局要素市场化配置新机制、构建区域协同发展新格局的建议,为产业结构转型升级提供新思路。

数字经济赋能中国式现代化:逻辑机理、现实梗阻与创新路径

合理发挥数字经济优势是全面推进与拓展中国式现代化的必由之路。数字经济可为中国式现代化提供市场体系、基础设施、技术网络、经济支柱支持。研究发现:数据要素融入、数字基建布设、数字技术下沉及数字业态创新为中国式现代化注入动能。尚需注意,数字治理局限性、城乡发展脱轨化、技术应用片面化、数字文化偏向性等诸多梗阻并存,限制数字经济对中国式现代化的赋能作用发挥。为此,应寻求数字组织再嵌入社会基层治理、重塑数字基建组织性网络动态结构、探索数字技术全流程生态治理应用、构建文化产业数字化新型发展业态,以扎实推进中国式现代化。

数据要素乘数效应的逻辑解构与实现进路

数据要素作为新型生产要素在社会生产活动中发挥显著的乘数效应。数据要素不仅自身发生作用,还能与其他生产要素融合发生作用而产生乘数效应,并能够体现出国内数据乘数效应及数据开放乘数效应,以及场内交易、场外交易及其交互的乘数效应。数据要素还能够作用于生产、流通、消费、分配等社会生产过程的各环节,进而实现价值的倍增。研究表明,要夯实数据要素流通所需的基础要素建设,完善市场基础和人才基础;要持续推进数据要素交易平台、跨境要素市场的建设;要通过健全市场运行规则,完善法律法规体系,强化市场治理与监管等,探索数据要素发展的安全治理体系,构建起安全、合规且竞争有序的数据要素市场环境。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。

全国统一大市场建设水平的区域差距与时空演进

从市场基础设施、商品市场、要素市场、有为政府、区域协调发展、生态环境市场6个层面切入,构建全国统一大市场建设评价指标体系。基于此,采用多重研究方法,分析2014—2022年全国统一大市场建设水平的区域差距和时空演化状况。研究结果表明,考察期内全国统一大市场建设水平表现出攀升趋势;四大区域全国统一大市场建设水平表现出“东部地区最高、东北和中部地区次之、西部地区最低”的分布特征。观测期内全国统一大市场建设水平差距表现出减小趋势;区域间差距是形成全国统一大市场建设整体差距的主要。由此,应以改革创新驱动全国统一大市场建设、因地制宜实施全国统一大市场建设战略、激活基础设施建设与资本要素流动效应,以此加快全国统一大市场建设进程。

碳排放权交易、数字经济与企业全要素生产率

“双碳”战略目标的提出契合高质量发展的内在需要,碳排放权交易市场是实现该目标的关键工具,2013—2014年,我国建立了首批七个试点碳交易市场,近十年以来,此项政策的减排效果已经受到广泛认可,但其对经济发展的影响依然值得探究。基于2010—2019年重污染行业A股上市公司的数据,本文以首批七个试点碳交易市场的正式启动为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型探讨该项政策对企业全要素生产率的影响,并从碳交易市场特征和数字经济发展的角度对作用机制进行分析。研究发现,碳交易政策能够显著提高企业的全要素生产率。机制分析表明,在碳交易政策对全要素生产率的作用过程中,企业数字化转型发挥了部分中介作用。此外,碳交易政策效果在非国有企业、风险承担水平高的企业中更强,并且碳市场的交易规模、流动性、数字基础设施、互联网普及率和数字普惠金融的发展都对碳交易政策效果发挥着正向调节效应,碳配额价格水平也具有一定的负向调节效应。

市场一体化与经济韧性:基于长三角地区的经验证据

以长三角地区为例,基于2003—2021年数据,本文从产品和要素市场双重视角,探究市场一体化对城市经济韧性的影响机理。结果发现,产品、劳动和资本市场一体化均可赋能经济韧性。在外生冲击检验中,产品和劳动市场一体化能够缓解冲击对经济的负面影响。异质性分析发现,都市圈和城市群的设立一定程度增强了市场一体化作用。服务功能专业化城市和外资依存度较高城市主要通过产品市场一体化发挥作用;而生产功能专业化城市、外资依存度较低城市、政商关系较“亲廉”城市更依赖要素市场一体化。机制检验表明,技术创新、产业结构升级和经济集聚是产品和劳动市场一体化提高城市经济韧性的重要渠道,资本市场一体化仅能通过技术创新提高城市经济韧性。

数字化转型能够提升产业链韧性吗?

数字经济时代,通过数字化转型提升产业链韧性,是推动制造业高质量发展、增强制造业国际竞争力的重要举措,也是保障国家产业安全的重要路径。本文分析数字化转型不同阶段对产业链韧性的差异化作用机制,从要素市场化和降低交易成本两大视角探讨如何提升产业链韧性。在理论分析的基础上,基于驱动力、压力、状态、响应(DPSR)模型构建产业链韧性测度指标体系,并采用2002—2020年中国制造业行业面板数据和企业微观数据测度产业链韧性,实证检验数字化转型对提升产业链韧性的影响机制和路径。研究发现,数字化转型整体上能够提升产业链韧性,二者之间呈现非线性的马鞍型关系;要素市场化程度在数字化转型与产业链韧性提升中起到正向调节作用;数字化转型可以通过影响市场渠道性交易成本和融资性交易成本对产业链韧性发挥作用,而监督性交易成本暂无作用。数字化转型与产业链韧性之间的马鞍型关系在不同要素密集度的产业链和产业链韧性不同维度均表现出异质性。加快数字基础设施建设、推动制造业数字化转型,能够提高要素市场化程度、降低交易成本,进而提升产业链韧性和现代化水平。

Analysis on Farmers’ Straw Marketization Behavior and Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Hubei Province

Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.

农业水权交易发展影响因素分析——基于宏观、中观、微观视角

我国现阶段农业水权交易分散且规模较小,农业水权交易市场活跃度不高。随着水资源供需矛盾的日益紧张,需要激发市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用,进一步为农业水权创造更大的交易空间。农业水权涉及多层级管理制度,却少有从全局到细节不同维度分析农业水权交易发展影响因素的研究,无法具有系统性地推动农业水权交易发展。为此,本文将影响农业水权交易发展的关键因素划分为宏观社会经济、中观市场主体及相互关系和微观交易要素三个维度,定性分析不同维度各因素指标的实质属性以及对农业水权交易发展的影响效果,找准农业水权交易发展的宏观支撑,明确农业水权交易市场的发展思路,进而聚焦到微观交易要素在水权交易过程中的作用,从三个维度分别提出加大农业水权交易政策和多途径推进农村水系连通的建设力度、明确政企角色定位、鼓励农业水权交易与土地实现同步流转等活跃农业水权交易市场的建议,以期为完善农业水权交易市场提供建设基础和思路。

城市商业银行设立对资本要素市场整合的影响:促进还是抑制?--基于准自然实验的分析

以城市商业银行的设立为准自然实验,基于1998—2013年中国地级市数据与中国工业企业数据库数据,运用渐进双重差分方法系统考察了地方金融发展对资本要素市场整合的影响。研究表明,城商行的设立显著促进了资本要素市场整合。机制分析表明,城商行的设立通过促进银行业竞争和增加信贷供给推动资本要素市场整合,而政府干预会在一定程度上削弱促进银行业竞争的效应,影响信贷资源流向。对城商行异地扩张和兼并的进一步分析表明,城商行的异地分行设立会促进地区资本要素市场整合,但城商行异地分行数量的扩张又会阻碍资本要素市场整合,而城商行兼并对资本要素市场整合则没有起到显著的促进作用。本文研究结论能为我国优化地方金融体系,促进资本要素市场整合提供理论依据和直观证据。