Prevalence and Individual-Level Determinants of Uptake of Three or More Doses of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy in Busia County, Kenya

Background: Malaria in pregnancy causes maternal anemia, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm deliveries. In malaria-endemic regions in Kenya, percentage of pregnant women hospitalized with malaria reach up to 60%. WHO recommends at least three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy (IPTp) antenatally. This study sought to ascertain the prevalence and individual-level factors influencing the uptake of IPTp-SP3+. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study at Busia County Referral Hospital. 384 mothers were consecutively sampled at the maternity unit during delivery. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR were used to determine statistical significance of individual factors influencing uptake of three or more IPTp-SP. Results: 43.0% of participants took IPTp-SP3+. Individual factors that affected the uptake of IPTp-SP3+ included starting ANC visits in the first trimester (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.23 – 3.67, p = 0.046), having more than four ANC visits (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.49 – 6.50, p = 0.002), having a higher monthly income (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.24 – 5.36, p = 0.012), being aware of the advantages of IPTp-SP medications (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.40 – 9.74, p = 0.008), and having a positive attitude toward ANC services (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.61 – 6.31, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Less than half of the pregnant mothers are complyingIPTp-SP3+. There should be aggressive efforts by the County and National Ministries of Health promoting initiation of ANC attendance early and attendance of all the recommended eight visits together with ensuring availability of the drugs.

A predictive score for retinopathy of prematurity by using clinical risk factors and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels

AIM：To detect the impact of insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1）and other risk factors for the early prediction of retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）and to establish a scoring system for ROP prediction by using clinical criteria and serum IGF-1 levels.METHODS：The study was conducted with 127 preterm infants.IGF-1 levels in the 1st day of life,1st,2nd,3rd and4th week of life was analyzed.The score was established after logistic regression analysis,considering the impact of each variable on the occurrences of any stage ROP.A validation cohort containing 107 preterm infants was included in the study and the predictive ability of ROP score was calculated.RESULTS：Birth weights（BW）,gestational weeks（GW）and the prevalence of breast milk consumption were lower,respiratory distress syndrome（RDS）,bronchopulmonarydysplasia（BPD）and necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）were more frequent,the duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation was longer in patients with ROP（P〈0.05）.Initial serum IGF-1 levels tended to be lower in newborns who developed ROP.Logistic regression analysis revealed that low BW（〈1250 g）,presence of intraventricular hemorrhage（IVH）and formula feeding increased the risk of ROP.Afterwards,the scoring system was validated on 107 infants.The negative predictive values of a score less than 4 were 84.3%,74.7%and 79.8%while positive predictive values were 76.3%,65.5%and71.6%respectively.CONCLUSION：In addition to BW〈1250 g and IVH,formula consumption was detected as a risk factor for the development of ROP.Breastfeeding is important for prevention of ROP in preterm infants.

Dynamic Variations and Influencing Factors of Groundwater Levels in Lhasa City

This paper focuses on the dynamic variation of groundwater level in Lhasacity. According to the data, the obvious characteristic of the groundwater level of the city is thatit is changing seasonally. Lhasa is divided into three districts according to hydrogeologicalconditions: the alluvial plain of the Lhasa-river, the alluvial plain of the Doilung-river, and thealluvial fan of inter mountain, which presents a downward trend, a slight upward trend and basicallystabilizing trend over the years individually. The analysis indicates that meteorological andhydrological factors lead to the obvious dynamic change of the groundwater level. However, more andmore human activities and over-exploitation of the groundwater cause the downward trend inthegroundwater level.

A Systematic Assessment of Blood Lead Level in Children and Associated Risk Factors in China

In this study, we searched multiple databases for all relevant original articles (1996-2013). To investigate blood lead levels (BLL) and possible risk factors for lead exposure among children in China A total of 388 articles met our inclusion criteria. The overall geometric mean (GM) BLL was 71 μg/L, and the prevalence of elevated BLL (EBLL, defined as BLL ≥100 μg/L) was 18.48% among children. The prevalence of EBLL remained significantly higher among boys. In children less than 6 years of age, there were significantly increasing trends in both BLL and prevalence of EBLL in an age-dependent manner. The ban on leaded gasoline significantly reduced the BLL as well as EBLL prevalence; however, children whose parents had lower educational levels or were exposed to lead in the workplace had a higher EBLL prevalence. Despite its decline over time, the average BLL among children in China remains higher than the average level most recently reported in the United States. Childhood lead poisoning remains a public health problem in China.

Disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation at Landau level filling factor one

The nuclear spin relaxation rate （l/T1） is measured for GaAs two-dimensional （2D） electron systems in the quantum Hall regime with an all-electrical technique for agitating and probing the nuclear spins. A ＂tilted plateau＂ feature is observed near the Landau level filling factor v = 1 in 1/T1 versus v. Both the width and magnitude of the plateau increase with decreasing electron density. At low temperatures, lIT1 exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence within the tilted plateau regime. The extracted energy gaps are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding charge transport gaps. These results point to a nontrivial mechanism for the disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation, in which microscopic inhomogeneities play a key role for the low energy spin excitations related to skyrmions.

Is low postoperative cholesterol level really an independent risk factor of adverse outcomes after living donor liver transplantation?

To the Editor:We read with great interest the article by Yang et al.[1]evaluating the effects of postoperative serum total cholesterol(s TC)changes on early allograft dysfunction and survival after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).By the multivariate regression analysis,they showed that patients with s TC<1.42 mmol/L on postoperative day 3 had 4.08-fold and 2.72-fold greater risks of

Serum lipid levels and their risk factors in theGuangxi Mu Lao Zu population

Objectives Mu Lao Zu population.Methods A total of 1055 subjects of Mu Lao Zu were studied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Blood pressure,body height, body weight,waist circumference and serum lipid and apolipoprotein(Apo) levels were measured.The data were compared with those in 969 subjects of Han Chinese from the same region.In order to evaluate the association of hyperlipidemia with nine possible riks factors,multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed in the combined population of Mu Lao Zu and Han,Mu Lao Zu,and Han;respectively. Results The levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoB in Mu Lao Zu were significantly higher than those in Han(P【0.05-0.001); but the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ApoA1 and ApoA1/Apo were significantly lower than those in Han (P【0.001 ).The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and Hypercholesterolemia was also significantly higher in Mu Lao Zu than in Han(53.0%vs.46.1%,P【0.001) and(44.5%vs. 37.5%,P【0.001).There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia between the both ethnic groups (22.8%vs.19.4%,P】0.05).Hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with age,BMI,and systolic blood pressureMu Lao Zu(P【0.05),whereas it was positively correlated with BMI and hypertension in Han(P【0.05 for each).Conclusions The serum lipid profiles,the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the risk factors are different between the Mu Lao Zu and Han populations.The differences in serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might result from different dietary habit,life style,as well as genetic factors,in ? To determine the serum lipid levels and their risk factors in the Guangxi.

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的疗效

目的 探究分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的疗效。方法 选取2019年2月至2023年1月我院普外科收治的50例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(开腹手术)与观察组(腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术),对比两组的治疗效果、临床相关指标、应激反应状态、炎症因子水平、胃动素与胃泌素水平、并发症发生率以及生活质量。结果 观察组治疗效果、临床相关指标、应激反应状态、炎症因子水平、胃动素与胃泌素水平、并发症发生率以及生活质量均优于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可显著改善患者病情状态、临床效果、并发症发生情况以及生活质量,安全可靠。

Dynamic Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Groundwater Level in Qianyang County

The dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater level in Qianyang County were analyzed.The results showed that in the south bank of the Qianhe River,the change of groundwater level was mainly affected by precipitation,and the response of the groundwater level to the change of precipitation was one year later.The groundwater level presented a downward trend on the whole.In the north bank of the Qianhe River,the supply source of the groundwater level included precipitation and hydrology,and the groundwater level showed a rising trend on the whole.In the plain area,there was a sudden change in the groundwater level under the control of human activities.In a word,the main factors influencing the groundwater level in various geological conditions were different,so there were great differences between various regions in the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater level in Qianyang County.

一类三电平伪图腾柱无桥PFC变换器

针对传统二极管钳位型三电平整流器在单相电源前级功率校正(power factor correction,PFC)电路应用场景下全控开关器件数量多的问题,该文基于3种传统无桥PFC电路进行三电平电路拓扑设计,提出一类三电平伪图腾柱PFC电路(single-phase three-level pseudo totem-pole PFC circuit,STPT-PFC),该类三电平PFC具有双电感支路桥臂,两者相互配合工作为输入电流提供路径,在正负半周两电感支路桥臂工作于不同模态可有效降低分别流过两电感的电流;基于该类PFC的一个代表性电路,从工作电流路径过程、关键波形和调制脉冲分配等方面对其进行工作原理分析,并对其它电路进行电路特性总结,推导桥臂对地电压电平特性与开关脉冲分配的数学关系式。另外,该类STPT-PFC共有5种结构,结合该类STPT-PFC结构特点,提出统一区间判断条件的双层载波调制技术,该类STPT-PFC具有相同开关器件不同拓扑结构可采用同一调制方案的特点,便于该类调制技术移植。最后,基于STPT-PFC-I电路设计1台额定功率1 kW、直流输出电压400 V的实验样机,从稳态及动态两方面进行实验分析,实验结果验证所提出一类三电平伪图腾柱PFC电路的可行性和三电平统一双层调制方法的有效性。

生长抑素联合奥美拉唑针剂治疗轻症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及对患者炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨生长抑素联合奥美拉唑针剂治疗轻症急性胰腺炎(AP)的临床疗效及对患者炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2019年5月至2021年5月东台市人民医院收治的120例轻症AP患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组60例。对照组给予常规治疗+奥美拉唑针剂,观察组在对照组的基础上联合生长抑素治疗。比较两组临床疗效、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、WBC]水平、趋化因子[单核细胞趋化因子蛋白1(MCP-1)、不规则趋化因子(FKN)、中性粒细胞趋化因子(CINC)]水平、Ranson评分及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的81.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组hs-CRP、WBC、PCT、MCP-1、FKN、CINC水平及Ranson评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论生长抑素联合奥美拉唑针剂治疗AP疗效显著,可减轻患者炎症反应,缓解病情,且未明显增加不良反应,值得临床推广应用。

钦江河口湿地茳芏分布变化及风险分析

茳芏是我国南方滨海湿地的特色代表种,具有护堤保滩、消减污染等重要生态价值。为了在海平面上升背景下更好地开展广西钦江河口湿地保护,本研究通过卫星遥感-无人机航拍-现场调查相结合的方法,明确了钦江河口湿地茳芏的分布变化及影响机制,并根据沉积速率、径流输入、海平面上升等信息分析了未来风险及对策建议。研究表明,2011—2022年,研究区内茳芏总面积由约0.28 km^(2)增加到了约0.36 km^(2),并呈现向海扩张的趋势。钦江河口湿地茳芏近期风险较小,但未来随着钦江径流量下降及悬浮物浓度降低,以及海平面上升,风险会逐步增加。建议定期开展海平面、滩面高程及茳芏分布区监测,并通过退养还滩、岸线修复等生态工程,为茳芏湿地应对中长期海平面上升提供缓冲空间。

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗颈动脉粥样硬化患者作用分析

目的观察丁苯酞软胶囊治疗颈动脉粥样硬化患者的效果。方法回顾性选取2021年9月—2023年2月泰安市中医医院接收的80例颈动脉粥样硬化患者的临床资料,以治疗方法的不同将患者分为对照组(n=40,阿托伐他汀治疗)和观察组(n=40,加用丁苯酞软胶囊治疗),比较两组治疗的效果。结果观察组的临床总有效率为97.50%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.507,P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的斑块数量、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(Intima-media Thickness,IMT)以及斑块面积对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,观察组斑块数量、IMT以及斑块面积低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗前,两组的血清淀粉样蛋白A(Serum Amyloid A,SAA)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)以及白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,观察组SAA、IL-1β以及IL-6低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。对照组与观察组的不良反应发生率分别为10.00%与7.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在阿托伐他汀的基础上加用丁苯酞软胶囊治疗颈动脉粥样硬化的效果较为明显,同时可以减少斑块数量、IMT以及斑块面积,并且降低炎症因子水平,安全性较好。

基于微谐振器的圆片级真空封装真空度测试技术

针对微电子机械系统(MEMS)圆片级封装腔体体积小、传统的真空封装测试方法适用性差的情况,研制了一种用于表征圆片级真空封装真空度的器件——MEMS微谐振器。利用此谐振器不仅可以表征圆片级真空封装真空度,也可用于圆片级真空封装漏率的测试。采用MEMS体硅工艺和共晶圆片键合技术实现了微谐振器的圆片级真空封装,利用微谐振器阻尼特性建立了谐振器品质因数与真空度的对应关系,通过设计的激励电路实现了微谐振器品质因数的在片测试,对不同键合腔体真空度下封装的MEMS微谐振器进行测试,测试结果显示该微谐振器在高真空度0.1~8 Pa范围内品质因数与真空度有很好的对应关系。

火针联合低压无针瘢痕内注射复方倍他米松治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效及对生长因子水平、瘢痕状态的影响

目的观察火针联合低压无针瘢痕内注射复方倍他米松治疗瘢痕疙瘩的效果及对生长因子水平、瘢痕状态的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2022年2月来我院就诊100例瘢痕疙瘩患者,随机分为对照组、治疗组,每组各50例,对照组采用低压无针瘢痕内注射复方倍他米松,治疗组在对照组基础上加火针治疗,对比两组疗效、生长因子水平、瘢痕状态。结果治疗组治疗后总有效率较对照组为高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后细胞生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、血小板源生长因子(PDGF)、表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)指标水平均较对照组为低,成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)指标水平较对照组为高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后瘢痕状态评分均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论火针联合低压无针瘢痕内注射复方倍他米松治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效明显,可调节生长因子水平,还能改善瘢痕状态,促进其恢复,值得推广。

Association between Socio-Demographic Factors and Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bangladesh

Background: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anthropometric and demographic factors and their correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh. Methods: One hundred fourteen patients (70 males and 44 females) between 30 and 75 years of age from various areas of Bangladesh were screened for T2DM. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was analyzed by using laboratory kits and spectrophotometric technique. Anthropometric and socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight (kg) and height (m) of the individual respondents. Physical activity was categorized based on activity during daily work. Economic condition is defined by respective family income and education level is categorized into 3 levels: illiterate, 0 - 12 years of education and graduate or above. Results: According to the current study results, half of the patients were from the middle-class family with low physical activity and their age was within the range of 30 - 45 years. The male and female ratio of the study population was 60:40. Most of the patients were found to be obese and educated. Urban populations were more prone to have DM than the rural population. Age, education, the area of residence (urban and rural), physical activity and co-morbid diseases were significantly correlated with T2DM in Bangladesh (P Conclusion: Our study shows that different socio-demographic factors have a significant correlation with T2DM in Bangladesh. Diabetes awareness, early diagnosis, patient education and life-style modification can be initiated to manage T2DM efficiently.

数字经济背景下服装企业创新能力评价研究

随着传统产业与数字化融合的步伐逐渐加快,数字经济的发展为服装企业提供了新的创新机遇。文章基于2016—2022年中国服装上市公司面板数据,从创新投入、创新产出、经营绩效、环境因素和数字化水平5个维度构建创新能力评价指标体系,运用全局因子分析法综合评价服装上市公司创新能力,并对中国服装上市公司创新能力总体状况进行分析。研究认为,研发投入和专利产出是提高服装上市公司创新能力的关键要素;中国服装上市公司整体创新能力处于中下游水平;不同上市公司创新能力之间存在较大差异;上市公司整体数字化水平较好。最后,文章从企业和政府2个方面提出相应的对策建议。

基于三重螺旋的中国省域创新水平评价及区域差异性研究

鉴于地理位置、资源禀赋、政策环境等现实差异,中国一直存在区域发展不平衡的问题。文章以三重螺旋理论为基础,首先采用因子分析的方法对中国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)的区域创新水平进行评价,提炼出对区域创新水平影响最大的三个因素分别为智力引导因子、企业能力因子、交互能力因子;其次再采用K-means聚类分析的方法对中国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)2018-2022年的三个影响区域创新水平的因素进行分析,根据其发展特点将其分为四类,分别为创新主体交互型、政府引导高校型、企业带动创新型、未来待改进型;最后针对性地提出了相应区域发展的一些引领性建议和可能性举措。

住院精神分裂症患者炎症因子水平与代谢、语言流畅性和信息处理功能的关系

背景精神分裂症患者存在代谢紊乱、语言功能和信息处理功能受损,而炎症因子可能在精神分裂症的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用。目的探讨精神分裂症患者炎症因子水平与代谢水平、语言流畅性和信息处理功能的关系,为临床了解精神分裂症的神经病理机制提供参考。方法纳入2021年1月—2022年12月在合肥市第四人民医院住院治疗的、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)精神分裂症诊断标准和简明国际神经精神访谈(Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview,MINI)6.0精神障碍复核诊断的精神分裂症患者为研究组(n=96),同期纳入在该院体检中心体检的人群为对照组(n=42)。采用超敏多因子电化学发光分析仪检测IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-8、IL-10、IL-13炎症因子水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、肌酐和尿素氮等代谢指标水平。采用言语流畅性测验(VFT)、Stroop色词测验(SCWT)评定被试的语言流畅性和信息处理功能。采用Spearman相关分析考查炎症因子水平与代谢水平、语言流畅性和信息处理功能之间的相关性。结果研究组和对照组IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-8、IL-10、IL-13和IL-15水平相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组BMI、腰围、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、尿素氮、载脂蛋白A和肌酐水平相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组VFT中的家电、动物、水果、蔬菜、以“水”和“自我”开头命名的正确个数相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组SCWT中的点反应时间、字反应时间和字色反应时间相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。相关分析显示,除肌酐水平外,精神分裂症患者IL-4和IL-5水平与其他指标均相关(P均<0.05);IL-7水平与肌酐水平、VFT中的家电、动物、水果、以“水”开头命名的正确个数、SCWT中的点反应时间、字反应时间均相关(P均<0.05);IL-8水平与甘油三酯水平、VFT中的家电、动物、水果、蔬菜、以“水”和“自我”开头命名的正确个数、SCWT中的字反应时间均相关(P均<0.05);除肌酐水平和VFT中以“自我”开头命名的正确个数外,IL-10水平与其他指标均相关(P均<0.05);除肌酐和尿素氮水平外,IL-13水平与其他指标均相关(P均<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者的炎症因子水平可能与其代谢水平、语言流畅性和信息处理功能有关。

喂养方式对高危新生儿生长发育的影响及相关因素分析

目的探究喂养方式对高危新生儿生长发育的影响,并分析影响新生儿高危的因素。方法回顾性选取2017年3月至2023年3月在秦皇岛市第一医院出生且采用人工喂养的60例高危新生儿作为人工喂养组,选取同期在本院出生的60例采用母乳喂养的高危新生儿作为母乳喂养组。分析两组新生儿出生时及3月龄时的身长、体重、身长别体重Z评分(WLZ)和年龄别体重指数Z评分(BAZ)情况,比较两组新生儿3月龄时的发育指数[智力发育指数(MDI)和运动发育指数(PDI)]、气质类型及免疫水平。另选50名正常新生儿作为正常组,收集其临床资料,探究影响高危新生儿发生的相关因素。结果与出生时比较,人工喂养组与母乳喂养组患儿在3月龄时身长、体重、WLZ评分、BAZ评分均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组出生时和3月龄时的身长、体重、WLZ评分、BAZ评分组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3月龄时,母乳喂养组患儿的MDI评分和PDI评分分别为(108.55±10.98)、(108.16±10.61)分,均高于人工喂养组[(99.12±8.79)、(98.01±9.21)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组的气质类型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。母乳喂养组患儿的免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、IgM、IgA和CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平分别为(7.11±0.67)×10^(-6)g/L、(0.77±0.11)×10^(-6)g/L、(0.46±0.08)×10^(-6)g/L、(49.06±6.15)%、(50.33±5.78)%、(36.33±5.16)%,均高于人工喂养组[(6.12±0.78)×10^(-6)g/L、(0.68±0.16)×10^(-6)g/L、(0.33±0.07)×10^(-6)g/L、(46.33±4.56)%、(47.55±6.12)%、(28.55±6.11)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析可知,高危组和正常组在有无生殖道感染、有无人工终止妊娠手术史、有无腹压增高、有无胎位异常方面差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示存在生殖道感染、患儿出生体重低于2500 g为高危新生儿发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论母乳喂养对于高危新生儿的生长发育和免疫功能具有积极的影响。同时,生殖道感染和低出生体重因素与高危新生儿的发生密切相关。