Earth: Review Article

Every year on 22 April, we have celebrated Earth Day and the beautiful planet we call home. Earth Day, established in 1970, has been used to highlight our planet’s environmental challenges and raise awareness of the importance of protecting our world for future generations [1]. To provide the protection of our planet, we should explain Earth’s environmental challenges to the best of our knowledge in frames of contemporary Geophysics. This paper gives a short overview of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the principal role of Dark Matter (DM) in the Earth’s life. In this manuscript, we discuss different aspects of the Earth: a condition of Young Earth before the Beginning of life on It;Internal Structure;“The 660-km Boundary” that we named Geomagma;Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed on a daily basis;Origin of Moon;Expanding Earth;Internal Heating;Faint Young Sun paradox;Geocorona and Planetary Coronas;High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. WUM proposed principally different ways to solve the problems of Internal Heating, Origin of the Moon, and Faint Young Sun paradox based on DM core of the Earth. The Model revealed the fact that the Sun Activity causes the Geomagma Activity and, as a consequence, Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed by the varying Sun’s magnetic field.

A New Approach to Prediction of Fault of Manufacturing Quality for FMS

This paper makes a study of the cause of manufacturing fault,develops the and/or- fault-tree of manufacturing quality fault for MC,and presents a new concept of faint manufacturing quality fault(FMQF)and the decision making tree with which the fault of manufacturing system would be found out from FMQF.An approach to identification of FMQF,based on fuzzy set theory,is presented,which can be used for estimating the status of equipment with the deviation of control charts.Based on the study above,an expert system for the flexible manufacturing system's FMQF detection and prediction is built.

老年晕厥患者危险分层的比较研究

目的对照剖析老年晕厥患者的危险分层评判规则。方法对2017年1月—2019年11月就诊于首都医科大学北京天坛医院的140例老年晕厥患者分别应用ROSE规则、SFSR规则、FAINT规则快速对照评估并随访1个月,逐一对各规则的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比进行计算,并对比分析。结果随访显示140例老年晕厥患者中的45例在1个月内发生不良事件,ROSE、SFSR、FAINT规则评判的灵敏度分别是84.4%、77.8%、91.1%;各规则评判的特异度分别是87.4%、84.2%、38.9%;阴性预测值分别是92.2%、88.9%、90.2%;阴性似然比分别是0.18、0.26、0.22。ROSE、SFSR、FAINT规则与随访发生不良事件一致性分析Kappa值分别是0.698、0.602、0.228。结论3种规则对老年晕厥患者的风险评判具有不同的实践意义,综合理解有助于实现对老年患者快速危险分层。

Snowball Earth at low solar luminosity prevented by the oceanatmosphere coupling

The standard solar model proposes that the solar luminosity was 30%lower than the present level at 4.5 billion years ago(Ga).At low solar radiation,the climate model predicts that the Earth should have been completely covered by ice in the first 2 billion years,i.e.in the snowball Earth climate mode,when the atmospheric CO2 content was at the present level.However,snowball Earth condition is inconsistent with various sedimentological,paleontological,and geochemical evidence.Such controversy is collectively known as the Taint Young Sun,(FYS)paradox.Though various models have been proposed,the FYS paradox has not yet been resolved.In this study,we develop a model by considering the ocean-atmosphere coupling to show that high atmospheric CO2 level could be sustained at low seawater pH.The modeling result indicates that 0.1 bar atmospheric CO2 level that was required to prevent snowball Earth in early Archean could be sustained at seawater pH of 6.8-7.2.Although the absence of siderite in Archean paleosols has been used to argue against high atmospheric CO2 level,we suggest that siderite precipitation in paleosols was not controlled by the atmospheric CO2 level alone.Instead,siderite could precipitate in anoxic conditions with various amount of CO2 in the atmosphere,suggesting siderite cannot be used to reconstruct the atmospheric CO2 level.Therefore,the new model suggests that the snowball Earth condition could be prevented by the coupling of atmosphere and ocean systems,and thus the emergence of the ocean in the very beginning of Earth evolution might be the key to the subsequence evolution of habitability.

Syncope Beginning in People Over 50 Years Old—Experience in 52 Cases

It is not common to start suffering from syncopes after age 50. They are mainly male patients who present causes other than vasovagal syncope, which predominates at an early age. Orthostatic hypotension is the predominant causal factor, which is attributed in many cases to advanced age, metabolic, cardiovascular or neurological diseases, to failure of baroreflexes, all of the above may be associated with the use of hypotensive drugs alone or in combination with psychotropic drugs. Furthermore, causes such as carotid sinus syncope, postprandial syncope and situational syncope become more frequent. Therefore, as people age, they present a favorable pathological terrain for the production of syncope. The older you are, the more likely you are to start with syncope. Finding the definitive diagnosis for their syncopes can be difficult, given the multiplicity of interacting factors. Their study is more exhaustive and requires a good anamnesis, knowing the drugs used by the patient, concomitant diseases and careful surveillance to get closer to the diagnosis.

Zolpidem-Induced Narcolepsy, Faint, Seizure or Coma? A Case Report

Zolpidem, as an imidazopyridine agent, is a widely prescribed drug among practitioners for short-term treatment of insomnia. Nevertheless, there have been a number of cases associated with the adverse effects of the stated drug recently. Many cases of serious complications induced by high dose of zolpidem have been reported. Further to the existing reports of adverse reactions to zolpidem, throughout the current manuscript, another case of zolpidem-induced loss of consciousness is going to be presented. The case had taken 100 mg of zolpidem and afterwards, went into an unknown status of narcolepsy, faint, seizure or transient coma. Overdosing zolpidem and being affected by its central effects, he performed risky actions such as cooking by a gas oven and eating meal while intoxicated. The current case suggests that zolpidem overdose might contribute to loss of consciousness and exhibition of high-risk behaviors.

Experimental realization of quantum cryptography communication in free space

Utilizing linear optical devices, the principle of B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is demonstrated in free space with a distance of transmission of 2.2 meters. The faint laser pulses with 650 nm wavelength are used as the single photon sources. The experimental results show that the eavesdropping behavior in the signal transmission can be detected. We also discuss the problems and solutions in using the quantum cryptography communication practically. It is pointed out that one of the approaches to increasing the distance of the quantum communication is to overcome the attenuation of the single photon in transmission. This could not be solved by the use of single photon source, and new quantum communication protocols are needed to solve these problems.