Malpractice or masterful practice?Navigating vicarious liability in healthcare

In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error,this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare.It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory,emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility,protecting patient welfare,and easing access to justice.The paper explores the practical effects of vicarious responsibility on day-to-day operations,leadership practices,and decision-making processes via the eyes of senior consultants,junior doctors,and hospital administrators.Through comprehensive insights and real-world examples,it underscores the imperative of fostering a culture of accountability,communication,and quality care to navigate the intricate web of liabilities inherent in modern healthcare.

期刊论文支撑数据FAIR原则的应用评估与案例分析

[目的/意义]FAIR原则在科技期刊的应用有助于增强期刊论文支撑数据的可发现、交互、共享与重用。评估FAIR实施情况有利于其推广实施,以期为我国期刊论文的支撑数据共享与重用提供有益参考。[方法/过程]本文在国外FAIR原则评估模型的基础上,综合考虑各模型的优势和指标设计特点,结合《数据分析与知识发现》期刊论文相关的科学数据特征,构建FAIR原则指标评价体系,基于该体系从4个维度分析调研结果,最后对中文期刊论文的支撑数据FAIR应用提出合理化建议与优化策略。[结果/结论]FAIR原则在期刊论文支撑数据的应用仍需进一步完善,科研人员的数据共享意识及对于FAIR原则的认知度远远不够,建议从宏观和微观两个层面推广FAIR原则及其实施,推动数据更加开放和可重用。

政府开放数据平台FAIR原则评估指标体系及实证研究

[目的/意义]评估政府开放数据平台FAIR原则的实施效果有助于平台规范标识符、统一元数据标准等,增强政府数据的发现、共享和重用。[方法/过程]采用网络调研法,借鉴国际代表性评估框架,结合调研构建面向政府开放数据平台的FAIR原则评估指标体系,并选取国内外8个样本平台作为案例,从可发现、可访问等4个维度展开评估分析,比较FAIR原则实施状况和差异。[结果/结论]从永久性标识符方案、元数据标准规范、数据使用许可等方面提出相应改进策略,完善国内政府开放数据平台数据管理规范,为后续相关平台的建设与利用提供理论指导和实践借鉴。

基于FAIR原则的数据期刊开放共享与关联模型研究

[目的/意义]为揭示数据论文与期刊论文关联出版的新形态,对目前数据期刊的开放共享、数据论文与期刊论文之间的关联进行研究,有助于推动科学数据的开放共享发展,促进科学数据的高效流通,使科学数据在多层维度释放数据价值。[方法/过程]基于FAIR原则,从元数据元素、文献服务等角度出发,构建数据流向视角下数据论文与期刊论文之间的互关联模型,分析数据论文与期刊论文之间的关联过程,并选取代表性数据期刊Data in Brief的数据论文为实例展开模型验证与实践参照。[结果/结论]本文基于“可访问”“可发现”对“开放共享”展开研究;基于“可互操作”和“可重用”对“关联”展开研究。通过构建理论模型、实例验证,厘清数据论文与期刊论文之间的关联模式以及验证理论模型的可行性与合理性。

政策文本视角下我国国家科学数据中心FAIR化特征初探

[目的/意义]对我国国家科学数据中心数据政策的FAIR化特征进行探索,为我国数据中心的数据管理政策制定和工作优化提供初步参考。[方法/过程]综合运用网络调研和文本挖掘的方法,使用KH Coder内容挖掘软件对20家数据中心的79部数据政策进行量化文本分析。通过对FAIR原则在政策文本中的出现频次和高相似词汇的分析,揭示FAIR原则在各个数据中心、不同类型政策文本中表现出的关注度差异与语义特征。[结果/结论]数据中心的数据政策已体现了一定的FAIR原则理念,但对每项FAIR原则的关注度不均衡;不同类型的数据政策关注FAIR原则的不同方面,共性在于对可发现原则和可互操作原则比较关注;对元数据给予了重点关注。[创新/价值]建议数据中心在数据政策制定中突出“元数据”在数据全生命周期管理中的作用,推动“数据增值驱动”的数据政策体系构建,并立足我国科学数据管理实际,适度引入FAIR原则。

Fair Value Disclosure, External Appraisers, and the Reliability of Fair Value Measurements

By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.

A Formal Model for Analyzing Fair Exchange Protocols Based on Event Logic

Fair exchange protocols play a critical role in enabling two distrustful entities to conduct electronic data exchanges in a fair and secure manner.These protocols are widely used in electronic payment systems and electronic contract signing,ensuring the reliability and security of network transactions.In order to address the limitations of current research methods and enhance the analytical capabilities for fair exchange protocols,this paper proposes a formal model for analyzing such protocols.The proposed model begins with a thorough analysis of fair exchange protocols,followed by the formal definition of fairness.This definition accurately captures the inherent requirements of fair exchange protocols.Building upon event logic,the model incorporates the time factor into predicates and introduces knowledge set axioms.This enhancement empowers the improved logic to effectively describe the state and knowledge of protocol participants at different time points,facilitating reasoning about their acquired knowledge.To maximize the intruder’s capabilities,channel errors are translated into the behaviors of the intruder.The participants are further categorized into honest participants and malicious participants,enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the intruder’s potential impact.By employing a typical fair exchange protocol as an illustrative example,this paper demonstrates the detailed steps of utilizing the proposed model for protocol analysis.The entire process of protocol execution under attack scenarios is presented,shedding light on the underlying reasons for the attacks and proposing corresponding countermeasures.The developedmodel enhances the ability to reason about and evaluate the security properties of fair exchange protocols,thereby contributing to the advancement of secure network transactions.

Aerodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Pantograph Streamline Fairing for High-Speed Trains

A pantograph serves as a vital device for the collection of electricity in trains.However,its aerodynamic resistance can limit the train’s running speed.As installing fairings around the pantograph is known to effectively reduce the resistance,in this study,different fairing lengths are considered and the related aerodynamic performances of pantograph are assessed.In particular,this is accomplished through numerical simulations based on the k-ωShear Stress Transport(SST)two-equation turbulence model.The results indicate that the fairing diminishes the direct impact of high-speed airflow on the pantograph,thereby reducing its aerodynamic resistance.However,it also induces interferences in the flow field around the train,leading to variations in the aerodynamic resistance and lift of train components.It is shown that a maximum reduction of 56.52%in pantograph aerodynamic resistance and a peak decrease of 3.38%in total train aerodynamic resistance can be achieved.

Ada-FFL:Adaptive computing fairness federated learning

As the scale of federated learning expands,solving the Non-IID data problem of federated learning has become a key challenge of interest.Most existing solutions generally aim to solve the overall performance improvement of all clients;however,the overall performance improvement often sacrifices the performance of certain clients,such as clients with less data.Ignoring fairness may greatly reduce the willingness of some clients to participate in federated learning.In order to solve the above problem,the authors propose Ada-FFL,an adaptive fairness federated aggregation learning algorithm,which can dynamically adjust the fairness coefficient according to the update of the local models,ensuring the convergence performance of the global model and the fairness between federated learning clients.By integrating coarse-grained and fine-grained equity solutions,the authors evaluate the deviation of local models by considering both global equity and individual equity,then the weight ratio will be dynamically allocated for each client based on the evaluated deviation value,which can ensure that the update differences of local models are fully considered in each round of training.Finally,by combining a regularisation term to limit the local model update to be closer to the global model,the sensitivity of the model to input perturbations can be reduced,and the generalisation ability of the global model can be improved.Through numerous experiments on several federal data sets,the authors show that our method has more advantages in convergence effect and fairness than the existing baselines.

Determination of Liability for Violation of “Sexual Autonomy” and Compensation for Mental Damages

At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of disputes related to violations of“sexual autonomy,”judicial biases have emerged during the trial process when courts determine the attribute of the right to“sexual autonomy.”This situation necessitates a clear legal analysis of the concept and attributes of“sexual autonomy”to establish its essential attribute as a personality right,and,from the perspective of legal doctrine,enable the justification of the right to“sexual autonomy”as either a general personality right or other personality interests,thereby providing theoretical support for courts to“adjudicate according to law.”By delineating and categorizing instances of violations of“sexual autonomy,”the constitutive elements and fundamental characteristics of such violations can be clarified.By examining the legal norms governing civil litigation and civil litigation associated with criminal cases concerning violations of“sexual autonomy,”the responsibility determination,remedies,and existing regulatory loopholes regarding violations of“sexual autonomy,”especially in cases involving both criminal and civil matters,can be defined.Based on this foundation,the legal basis,determination mechanism,and compensation standards for claiming compensation for mental damages resulting from violations of“sexual autonomy”can be elucidated.

Two“Immoral”Ladies in the Kaleidoscope of Victorian Age-Comparison of Jane Eyre in Jane Eyre and Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair

Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair are both masterpieces in the late 1840s in English literature.The two“immoral”female images,Jane Eyre in Jane Eyre and Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair,are“rebellious”women against Victorian ideals,but there still exist differences between them.

Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

Risk Assessment of an Environmental Liability in the Commercialization of Hydrocarbons-A Secondary Publication

The risk analysis evaluates the probability of occurrence with the impact of said risks.In the hydrocarbon sector,an environmental liability is an improperly abandoned facility,soil contaminated by spills or others.The objective of this work is to define a risk management plan.The characterization of the residue and the area was carried out.Hazardous events were identified:overflow spill,soil contamination by infiltration,as well as radiant heat and suffocating and toxic fumes from a fire.The matrix method was applied considering the probability of occurrence against vulnerability.The danger of infiltration implied a high level of risk.The risk management plan was drawn up,its main action being the liquidation of the pool and the sanitation of the area.

The Impact of Corporate Governance and Fair Value Accounting on Debt Contracts

This paper investigates the theoretical relationship between corporate governance,fair value accounting,and debt contracts.It primarily examines the individual impacts of corporate governance and fair value accounting on debt contracts,while also exploring the influence of corporate governance on fair value accounting.The study emphasizes the importance of considering the interests and legal status of creditors in the context of debt contracts.The findings indicate that strong corporate governance can reduce the likelihood of debt default and that the company’s restructuring costs in the event of a default determine whether improved corporate governance will increase or decrease debt costs.Additionally,the study reveals that the strength of corporate governance affects the value relevance of fair value accounting.However,the impact of fair value accounting on debt contracts is not inherently positive or negative;for instance,companies may use fair value adjustments with manipulative intent to enhance performance.Ultimately,the research highlights that discussions about corporate governance should not prioritize shareholder interests exclusively but also consider the legitimate position of creditors.

我国“高空抛坠物”侵权规则适用的三段证成——兼论《民法典》第1254条适用的司法范式

通过检视现行立法规范和实务适用逻辑,针对司法范式缺陷与适用困境,结合民法解释学,在大前提、小前提和结论三段结构中论证“高空抛坠物”侵权责任的法律适用,有助于提升司法裁判的可预期性。“小前提”系侵权案件事实,“大前提”系《民法典》第1254条之规定,“法律解释”系“大前提”和“小前提”之连结。将法律解释置于“大前提”和“小前提”之间,并推导“结论”的三段论证,有助正本溯源,统一类案之间法律适用。首先,由法律解释确定某法律规范是否适用;其次,通过法律解释规范“大前提”对“小前提”的理解和适用;最后,形成稳定的司法范式得出符合预期的“结论”。

平台灵活就业人员劳动权益保护的立法困境与对策

以人力资源和社会保障部颁布的规范性文件为代表,中国关于平台灵活就业人员劳动权益保护的立法取得了重要的成就,但也存在着程序重于实体、形式重于实质、立法重点与实践需要有所偏离等困境。应以实质公平为理念,促进平台与灵活就业人员的利益平衡,在尊重平台组织管理权力的基础上激励其履行社会责任;合理规制平台的利益分配权和劳动规则制定权,强化平台利益分配和规则制定的公平性;完善社会保险、职业伤害保障和纠纷解决领域的公共产品供给。

基于k-center聚类和最近邻中心的公平数据汇总

公平数据汇总是指从每种数据类别中选择有代表性的子集,且满足公平性要求。在大数据时代,每种类别的数据都是海量的,因此公平数据汇总研究具有非常重要的现实意义。为了使公平数据汇总的数据点更具有代表性,提出了基于k-center聚类和最近邻中心的公平数据汇总算法。算法主要包括2个基本步骤:(1)通过k-center聚类,将k个簇中心作为当前汇总结果;(2)选择满足公平约束的原簇中心的最近邻点作为新簇中心。由于更新簇中心时选择的是原簇中心的最近邻点,因此相对随机选择的数据点,最近邻点更具有代表性,是除原始簇中心外的次优代表点。同时,寻找最近邻点作为新的簇中心能最大限度减少公平代价。在2个模拟数据集和6个UCI真实数据集上的对比实验结果表明,所提出的算法在近似因子和公平代价方面都优于对比算法,说明所提出的算法获得的数据汇总更具有代表性。

FAIR超导二极磁体实验失超保护系统设计与分析

阐述了超导磁体线圈实验过程中采用的平衡桥路电压失超检测及保护方案,对超导磁体电压失超检测电路进行了分析,提出了平衡桥路失超电压检测法选取原则。

开放存取:英国FAIR计划的实践与启示

本文以机构资源存取计划(FAIR计划)为例,对英国推进学术资源开放存取的做法和经验作了探索性分析。文章介绍了FAIR计划的宗旨、目标、架构,以及FAIR计划涉及的有关元数据、法律、文化等问题,并提出了FAIR计划对我国OA运动发展的启示。

欧洲FAIR中超导二极磁体样机的初步设计与分析

介绍了欧洲FAIR超导二极磁体样机设计的背景及设计要求,以及磁体样机的几个大部件及其作用。用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行了线圈电磁性能分析,得到其磁场、电感、储能随电流的变化曲线,并对其中的一个部件线圈盒进行了结构分析,为下一步的设计提供参考。