This paper focuses on optimally determining the existence of connected paths between some given nodes in random ring-based graphs.Serving as a fundamental underlying structure in network modeling,ring topology appears...This paper focuses on optimally determining the existence of connected paths between some given nodes in random ring-based graphs.Serving as a fundamental underlying structure in network modeling,ring topology appears as commonplace in many realistic scenarios.Regarding this,we consider graphs composed of rings,with some possible connected paths between them.Without prior knowledge of the exact node permutations on rings,the existence of each edge can be unraveled through edge testing at a unit cost in one step.The problem examined is that of determining whether the given nodes are connected by a path or separated by a cut,with the minimum expected costs involved.Dividing the problem into different cases based on different topologies of the ring-based networks,we propose the corresponding policies that aim to quickly seek the paths between nodes.A common feature shared by all those policies is that we stick to going in the same direction during edge searching,with edge testing in each step only involving the test between the source and the node that has been tested most.The simple searching rule,interestingly,can be interpreted as a delightful property stemming from the neat structure of ring-based networks,which makes the searching process not rely on any sophisticated behaviors.We prove the optimality of the proposed policies by calculating the expected cost incurred and making a comparison with the other class of strategies.The effectiveness of the proposed policies is also verified through extensive simulations,from which we even disclose three extra intriguing findings:i)in a onering network,the cost will grow drastically with the number of designated nodes when the number is small and will grow slightly when that number is large;ii)in ring-based network,Depth First is optimal in detecting the connectivity between designated nodes;iii)the problem of multi-ring networks shares large similarity with that of two-ring networks,and a larger number of ties between rings will not influence the expected cost.展开更多
1 Dinosaur Eggs in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province In February 2017, dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in China Town part of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province. They were confirmed by dinosaur experts from the Zhejiang Muse...1 Dinosaur Eggs in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province In February 2017, dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in China Town part of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province. They were confirmed by dinosaur experts from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History to be those of Mesozoic herbivorous dinosaurs （Fig. 1）. Not long before, Yiwu Museum staff had discovered dinosaur eggs close by this place.展开更多
Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness o...Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.展开更多
The 2019 Annual Symposium on Yunyang Dinosaur Fossil Protection and Research was held in Chongqing on December 16,2019.It was proposed in the symposium that the dinosaurs discovered from the early Middle Jurassic Xint...The 2019 Annual Symposium on Yunyang Dinosaur Fossil Protection and Research was held in Chongqing on December 16,2019.It was proposed in the symposium that the dinosaurs discovered from the early Middle Jurassic Xintiangou Formation in Yunyang,Chongqing could represent a new dinosaur fauna.Previously,only a few dinosaurs have been reported from the Xintiangou Formation.Moreover,the Xintiangou dinosaurs are playing an important role in studying the evolutionary sequence of dinosaurs,and have the potential to fill the gaps during the Early-Middle dinosaur turnover.展开更多
Hot Dry Rock （HDR） refers to those generally deeply buried impermeable metamorphic or crystallized biotite gneiss, granite and granodiorite rock bodies, with a burial depth greater than 2000 m, containing no water o...Hot Dry Rock （HDR） refers to those generally deeply buried impermeable metamorphic or crystallized biotite gneiss, granite and granodiorite rock bodies, with a burial depth greater than 2000 m, containing no water or vapor. HDR is as implied, hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 150 to 650℃, and it can be utilized as a heat resource. Because this type of heat system does not require porosity, permeability and fluids and is widespread at the drillable depth range of 10 kin, it is thereby an infinite resource type. By contrast, thermal power generation results in copious pollution; wind power is irregular and unstable; solar energy occupies large areas.展开更多
During 2015, gold prospecting in Laizhou City of Shandong Peninsula in China has achieved a major breakthrough. Deposits containing 470 and 389 tons of gold metal were discovered in the northern sea area of Sanshandao...During 2015, gold prospecting in Laizhou City of Shandong Peninsula in China has achieved a major breakthrough. Deposits containing 470 and 389 tons of gold metal were discovered in the northern sea area of Sanshandao and the Shaling area, respectively. As a result, the gold prospective resources in the entire Jiaodong Peninsula have now exceeded 4000 tons, fully indicative of the super-large prospecting potential of the Jiaojia-type deposits.展开更多
1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks...1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks,and crude展开更多
Jiangxi Province, China＇s largest base tbr tungsten production and export is known as the world capital of tungsten. By the end of 2002, there were 72 primary tungsten deposits tbund, with accumulated reserves and a ...Jiangxi Province, China＇s largest base tbr tungsten production and export is known as the world capital of tungsten. By the end of 2002, there were 72 primary tungsten deposits tbund, with accumulated reserves and a proven resource of reserves of 1.9 Mt and 1.12 Mt, respectively, accounting for 20 percent of China＇s total reserves.展开更多
The technique of IP traceback may effectively block DOS (Denial Of Service) and meet the requirement of the computer forensic, but its accuracy depends upon that condition that each node in the Internet must support I...The technique of IP traceback may effectively block DOS (Denial Of Service) and meet the requirement of the computer forensic, but its accuracy depends upon that condition that each node in the Internet must support IP packet marking or detected agents. So far, this requirement is not satisfied. On the basis of traditional traceroute,this paper investigates the efficiency of discovering path methods from aspects of the size and order of detecting packets, and the length of paths.It points out that the size of padding in probed packets has a slight effect on discovering latency, and the latency with the method of bulk sending receiving is much smaller than one with the traditional traceroute. Moreover, the loss rate of packets with the technique of TTL (Time To Live) which increases monotonously is less than that with the technique of TTL which decreases monotonously. Lastly,OS (Operating System) passive fingerprint is used as heuristic to predict the length of the discovered path so as to reduce disturbance in network traffic.展开更多
Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous, siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in...Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous, siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence, respectively. The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events. Also, cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.展开更多
In June 2017, the Chongqing Municipal Govemment and Chinese scientists announced the discovery of a world -class dinosaur assemblage in Pu＇an, a town of Yunyang County, Chongqing. This group of skeletons was buried i...In June 2017, the Chongqing Municipal Govemment and Chinese scientists announced the discovery of a world -class dinosaur assemblage in Pu＇an, a town of Yunyang County, Chongqing. This group of skeletons was buried in the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation Da＇anzhai member and the lower and upper members of the Shaximiao Formation.展开更多
A growing number of oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in granite and metamorphic crystallized rock areas. Statistics show that, about 157 oil and gas fields were found in crystallized bedrocks, with oil rese...A growing number of oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in granite and metamorphic crystallized rock areas. Statistics show that, about 157 oil and gas fields were found in crystallized bedrocks, with oil reserves of 5048x 10^8 t, and gas reserves of 2681x10^8m3. Among the discovered industrial oil and gas fields hosted in crystallized rocks, most occurred in granite rocks, occupying 40% in quantity and 75% in reserves, followed by those hosted in mafic and ultra-mafic rocks （about 3%）, and then tbllowed by those in volcanic rocks and metamorphic rocks.展开更多
Scientists have suggested that combustible ice in global marginal seas,deep trough areas and ocean basins covers an area of 400million km2,and its total reserve is twice the amount of the global proven oil,coal and ga...Scientists have suggested that combustible ice in global marginal seas,deep trough areas and ocean basins covers an area of 400million km2,and its total reserve is twice the amount of the global proven oil,coal and gas reserves,equivalent to 50 times the amount of conventional natural gas reserves.展开更多
Objective The Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP） in SW China is the only one large igneous province in China recognized by international geologists. Previous studies of ELIP over past two decades indicate that ...Objective The Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP） in SW China is the only one large igneous province in China recognized by international geologists. Previous studies of ELIP over past two decades indicate that the ELIP age, duration, scale and generation mechanism are still controversial. Among those scientific topics, some scholars suggest that ELIP is an example of up-doming prior to LIP formation, which was evidenced by： （1） The thickness of the Yangxin Formation （P^v） limestone unit, which lies directly beneath ELIP, reduces from the center of erosional area to the outer edge. （2） Paleo-karst surfaces are present. （3） The clastic rocks of alluvial fan deposits, from the eroded materials in the maximum uplifted area, developed surrounding the inner zone. However, other scholars urge that those so-called ＂alluvial fan＂ deposits are ＂hydromagmatic deposits＂, erupted or emplaced at or near sea level, and conclude that there was no pre-emptive uplift in ELIP. In order to constrain the above-mentioned scientific issue, we conducted detailed field geological investigations and systematically measured geological sections to provide new evidence by using sedimentary data.展开更多
ChinesearchaeologistShavediscoveredZI^sinZandaCOUnty,NgedOfTibet.Scatteredover3,onsquarekilometers,theyaretheremainsOfananciotkingdom.Grottoes Discovered in Tibet...
基金supported by NSF China(No.61960206002,62020106005,42050105,62061146002)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University。
文摘This paper focuses on optimally determining the existence of connected paths between some given nodes in random ring-based graphs.Serving as a fundamental underlying structure in network modeling,ring topology appears as commonplace in many realistic scenarios.Regarding this,we consider graphs composed of rings,with some possible connected paths between them.Without prior knowledge of the exact node permutations on rings,the existence of each edge can be unraveled through edge testing at a unit cost in one step.The problem examined is that of determining whether the given nodes are connected by a path or separated by a cut,with the minimum expected costs involved.Dividing the problem into different cases based on different topologies of the ring-based networks,we propose the corresponding policies that aim to quickly seek the paths between nodes.A common feature shared by all those policies is that we stick to going in the same direction during edge searching,with edge testing in each step only involving the test between the source and the node that has been tested most.The simple searching rule,interestingly,can be interpreted as a delightful property stemming from the neat structure of ring-based networks,which makes the searching process not rely on any sophisticated behaviors.We prove the optimality of the proposed policies by calculating the expected cost incurred and making a comparison with the other class of strategies.The effectiveness of the proposed policies is also verified through extensive simulations,from which we even disclose three extra intriguing findings:i)in a onering network,the cost will grow drastically with the number of designated nodes when the number is small and will grow slightly when that number is large;ii)in ring-based network,Depth First is optimal in detecting the connectivity between designated nodes;iii)the problem of multi-ring networks shares large similarity with that of two-ring networks,and a larger number of ties between rings will not influence the expected cost.
文摘1 Dinosaur Eggs in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province In February 2017, dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in China Town part of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province. They were confirmed by dinosaur experts from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History to be those of Mesozoic herbivorous dinosaurs （Fig. 1）. Not long before, Yiwu Museum staff had discovered dinosaur eggs close by this place.
基金funded by the China Geological Survey Project(Grant No.DD20190098).
文摘Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.
基金granted by the Dinosaur Fossil Protection and Research in Pu’an Township,Yunyang County,Chongqing Program(KJ-2018035).
文摘The 2019 Annual Symposium on Yunyang Dinosaur Fossil Protection and Research was held in Chongqing on December 16,2019.It was proposed in the symposium that the dinosaurs discovered from the early Middle Jurassic Xintiangou Formation in Yunyang,Chongqing could represent a new dinosaur fauna.Previously,only a few dinosaurs have been reported from the Xintiangou Formation.Moreover,the Xintiangou dinosaurs are playing an important role in studying the evolutionary sequence of dinosaurs,and have the potential to fill the gaps during the Early-Middle dinosaur turnover.
文摘Hot Dry Rock （HDR） refers to those generally deeply buried impermeable metamorphic or crystallized biotite gneiss, granite and granodiorite rock bodies, with a burial depth greater than 2000 m, containing no water or vapor. HDR is as implied, hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 150 to 650℃, and it can be utilized as a heat resource. Because this type of heat system does not require porosity, permeability and fluids and is widespread at the drillable depth range of 10 kin, it is thereby an infinite resource type. By contrast, thermal power generation results in copious pollution; wind power is irregular and unstable; solar energy occupies large areas.
文摘During 2015, gold prospecting in Laizhou City of Shandong Peninsula in China has achieved a major breakthrough. Deposits containing 470 and 389 tons of gold metal were discovered in the northern sea area of Sanshandao and the Shaling area, respectively. As a result, the gold prospective resources in the entire Jiaodong Peninsula have now exceeded 4000 tons, fully indicative of the super-large prospecting potential of the Jiaojia-type deposits.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172126)
文摘1 Introduction Biological markers or biomarkers(Eglinton et al.,1964;Eglinton and Calvin,1967)are molecular fossils,which were derived from once living organisms through the earth history.They occur in sediments,rocks,and crude
文摘Jiangxi Province, China＇s largest base tbr tungsten production and export is known as the world capital of tungsten. By the end of 2002, there were 72 primary tungsten deposits tbund, with accumulated reserves and a proven resource of reserves of 1.9 Mt and 1.12 Mt, respectively, accounting for 20 percent of China＇s total reserves.
文摘The technique of IP traceback may effectively block DOS (Denial Of Service) and meet the requirement of the computer forensic, but its accuracy depends upon that condition that each node in the Internet must support IP packet marking or detected agents. So far, this requirement is not satisfied. On the basis of traditional traceroute,this paper investigates the efficiency of discovering path methods from aspects of the size and order of detecting packets, and the length of paths.It points out that the size of padding in probed packets has a slight effect on discovering latency, and the latency with the method of bulk sending receiving is much smaller than one with the traditional traceroute. Moreover, the loss rate of packets with the technique of TTL (Time To Live) which increases monotonously is less than that with the technique of TTL which decreases monotonously. Lastly,OS (Operating System) passive fingerprint is used as heuristic to predict the length of the discovered path so as to reduce disturbance in network traffic.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41472082)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant No.2016YFC0601001)+2 种基金the program of China Geological Survey(grant No.12120115068901)the National Stratigraphic committee of ChinaGlobal Geopark of Shennongjia(Shennongjia National Park)
文摘Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous, siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence, respectively. The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events. Also, cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.
文摘In June 2017, the Chongqing Municipal Govemment and Chinese scientists announced the discovery of a world -class dinosaur assemblage in Pu＇an, a town of Yunyang County, Chongqing. This group of skeletons was buried in the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation Da＇anzhai member and the lower and upper members of the Shaximiao Formation.
文摘A growing number of oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in granite and metamorphic crystallized rock areas. Statistics show that, about 157 oil and gas fields were found in crystallized bedrocks, with oil reserves of 5048x 10^8 t, and gas reserves of 2681x10^8m3. Among the discovered industrial oil and gas fields hosted in crystallized rocks, most occurred in granite rocks, occupying 40% in quantity and 75% in reserves, followed by those hosted in mafic and ultra-mafic rocks （about 3%）, and then tbllowed by those in volcanic rocks and metamorphic rocks.
文摘Scientists have suggested that combustible ice in global marginal seas,deep trough areas and ocean basins covers an area of 400million km2,and its total reserve is twice the amount of the global proven oil,coal and gas reserves,equivalent to 50 times the amount of conventional natural gas reserves.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey project(grant No.1212011120623)
文摘Objective The Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP） in SW China is the only one large igneous province in China recognized by international geologists. Previous studies of ELIP over past two decades indicate that the ELIP age, duration, scale and generation mechanism are still controversial. Among those scientific topics, some scholars suggest that ELIP is an example of up-doming prior to LIP formation, which was evidenced by： （1） The thickness of the Yangxin Formation （P^v） limestone unit, which lies directly beneath ELIP, reduces from the center of erosional area to the outer edge. （2） Paleo-karst surfaces are present. （3） The clastic rocks of alluvial fan deposits, from the eroded materials in the maximum uplifted area, developed surrounding the inner zone. However, other scholars urge that those so-called ＂alluvial fan＂ deposits are ＂hydromagmatic deposits＂, erupted or emplaced at or near sea level, and conclude that there was no pre-emptive uplift in ELIP. In order to constrain the above-mentioned scientific issue, we conducted detailed field geological investigations and systematically measured geological sections to provide new evidence by using sedimentary data.
文摘ChinesearchaeologistShavediscoveredZI^sinZandaCOUnty,NgedOfTibet.Scatteredover3,onsquarekilometers,theyaretheremainsOfananciotkingdom.Grottoes Discovered in Tibet...
