Family functioning mediation in tic severity and quality of life for children with Tourette syndrome

BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder profoundly influenced by familial factors,particularly family functioning.However,the relationship among family functioning,tic severity,and quality of life in individuals with TS during childhood and adolescence remains unclear.We hypothesized that family functioning plays a role in the association between the severity of TS and quality of life in children.AIM To determine the role of family functioning in the relationship between TS severity and quality of life.METHODS This study enrolled 139 children(male/female=113/26)with TS.We assessed tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale,quality of life via the Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life Scale,and family functioning through the Family Assessment Device.Our analysis focused on correlating these measures and exploring the mediating role of family functioning in the relationship between tic severity and quality of life.Additionally,we examined if this mediating effect varied by gender or the presence of comorbidity.RESULTS We found that family communication dysfunction had a significant mediating effect between tic severity and both psychological symptoms(indirect effect:Β=0.0038,95%confidence interval:0.0006-0.0082)as well as physical and activities of daily living impairment(indirect effect:Β=0.0029,95%confidence interval:0.0004-0.0065).For vocal tic severity,this mediation was found to be even more pronounced.Additionally,in male participants and those without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,the mediating effect of family communication dysfunction was still evident.CONCLUSION Our study highlights the impact of family functioning on the tic severity and the quality of life in children.This relationship is influenced by gender and comorbid conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

NORMAL FAMILIES OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS SHARING A HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTION AND THE CONVERSE OF THE BLOCH PRINCIPLE

In this paper, we investigate normal families of meromorphic functions, prove some theorems of normal families sharing a holomorphic function, and give a counterex- ample to the converse of the Bloch principle based on the theorems.

NORMAL FAMILIES AND SHARED VALUES OF HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS

Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D, k be a positive integer, a, b（≠0）, c（≠0） and d be finite complex numbers. If, for each f∈F, all zeros of f-d have multiplicity at least k, f^（k） = a whenever f=0, and f=c whenever f^（k） = b, then F is normal in D. This result extends the well-known normality criterion of Miranda and improves some results due to Chen-Fang, Pang and Xu. Some examples are provided to show that our result is sharp.

NORMAL FAMILIES OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS WITH SHARED VALUES

We obtain some normality criteria of families of meromorphic functions sharing values related to Hayman conjecture, which improves some earlier related results.

THE NORMAL FAMILITY OF MERMORPHIC FUNCTIONS

Let F be a family of mermorphic functions in a domain D, and let a, b, c be complex numbers, a ≠ b. If for each f ∈ F, the zeros of f-c are of multiplicity ≥ k ＋ 1, and -↑Ef（k）（a） belong to -↑Ef （a）, -↑Ef（k）（b）belong to -↑Ef （b）, then F is normal in D.

NORMAL FAMILY OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS SHARING HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS AND THE CONVERSE OF THE BLOCH PRINCIPLE

In 1996, C. C. Yang and P. C. Hu [8] showed that： Let f be a transcendental meromorphic function on the complex plane, and a ≠ 0 be a complex number; then assume that n 〉 2, n1,… , nk are nonnegative integers such that n1＋… ＋ nk ≥1; thus fn（f′）n1…（f（k））nk-a has infinitely zeros. The aim of this article is to study the value distribution of differential polynomial, which is an extension of the result of Yang and Hu for small function and all zeros of f having multiplicity at least k ≥2. Namely, we prove that fn（f′）n1…（f（k））nk-a（z） has infinitely zeros, where f is a transcendental meromorphic function on the complex plane whose all zeros have multiplicity at least k≥ 2, and a（z） 0 is a small function of f and n ≥ 2, n1,… ,nk are nonnegative integers satisfying n1＋ …＋ nk ≥1. Using it, we establish some normality criterias for a family of meromorphic functions under a condition where differential polynomials generated by the members of the family share a holomorphic function with zero points. The results of this article are supplement of some problems studied by d. Yunbo and G. Zongsheng [6], and extension of some problems studied X. Wu and Y. Xu [10]. The main result of this article also leads to a counterexample to the converse of Bloeh＇s principle.

Effectiveness of family psychosocial intervention on mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer:a meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of family psychosocial intervention on the mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CMB,PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Library,and PsycARTICLES was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials of family psychosocial intervention from database inception until 19 September 2021.RevMan(version 5.4.1)was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 894 caregivers participated in 11 studies.The analysis showed that anxiety(standardized mean difference[SMD]=−0.22,95%confidence interval[CI]=−0.37 to−0.07,P=0.004)and depression(SMD=−0.33,95%CI=−0.57 to−0.08,P=0.01)were significantly reduced,while family function(SMD=−0.86,95%CI=−1.28 to−0.45,P<0.001)was significantly improved by the family psychosocial intervention compared with the controls.According to subgroup analysis,family psychosocial interventions were found to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms when the follow-up time was>1 month(SMD=−0.48,95%CI=0.68 to−0.27,P<0.00001).Conclusions:Current evidence supports the use of family psychological intervention to reduce depression and anxiety and improve family function.However,its effect on PTSD symptoms requires further study.Future studies should further identify the role of specific family psychosocial interventions on families and caregivers of children with cancer.

A Note on Normal Families of Meromorphic Functions and Sharing Set

In the paper,we prove the main result:Let k(≥2)be an integer,and a,b and c be three distinct complex numbers.Let F be a family of functions holomorphic in a domain D in complex plane,all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k.Suppose that for each f∈F,f(z)and f(k)(z)share the set{a,b,c}.Then F is a normal family in D.

Normal Families of Holomorphic Functions Concerning Shared a Polynomial

In this paper,we study normal families of holomorphic function concerning shared a polynomial.Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D,k(2)be a positive integer,K be a positive number andα(z)be a polynomial of degree p(p 1).For each f∈F and z∈D,if f and f sharedα(z)CM and|f(k)(z)|K whenever f(z)-α(z)=0 in D, then F is normal in D.

Normality Criteria for Families of Holomorphic Functions

Let f be a holomorphic function on a domain D (?) C, and let a be a finite complex number. We denote by Ef(α) = {z∈ D : f(z) = a, ignoring multiplicity} the set of all distinct α-points of f. Let F be a family of holomorphic functions on D. If there exist three finite values a, b(≠ 0, a) and c(≠0) such that for every f ∈ F, Ef(0) (?) Ef'(a) and Ef'(b)(?) Ef(c), then F is a normal family on D.

Factors Affecting the Perception of Family Functioning among Couples in Child-Rearing Japanese Families

In family healthcare nursing, the family system unit (i.e., a group in which the members, seen as a whole, mutually interact) is the target of care. As nurses tend to obtain family-related information from particular family members in the clinical setting, when assessing families, they often confront the issue of the differences between the theoretical level and methodological level. Although this issue needs resolving for evidence-based family nursing practice, sufficient research is lacking on the methodology related to family assessment. The present study aimed to clarify the factors that affected evaluation of family functioning among couples. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 child-rearing families (couples) using the Survey of Family Environment (SFE) as a family functioning scale. Content analysis identified 12 factors that affected discrepancies in the couples’ evaluations and eight factors that affected agreement in those evaluations. These factors were classified into three categories: factors concerning family or family members;factors concerning questions related to the SFE;and factors concerning the view of the family as a whole. The results of this study should contribute to the development of family assessment tools and effective methods for evaluation of family care.

Normal families and shared values of meromorphic functions

We studied the normality conditions in families of meromorphic functions, improved the results of Fang and Zalcman [Fang ML, Zalcman L, Normal families and shared values of meromorphic functions, Computational Methods and Function Theory, 2001, 1 （1）： 289-299], and generalized two new normality criterions. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D, a a non-zero finite complex number, B a positive real number, and k and m two positive integers satisfying m〉2k＋4. If every function denoted by f belonging to F has only zeros with multiplicity at least k and satisfies f^m（z）f^（k）（Z）=α→ ｜^f（k）（z）｜ ≤B or f^m（z）f^（k）（z）=α→｜f（z）｜ ≥, then F is normal in D.

Punicalagin prevents obesity-related cardiac dysfunction through promoting DNA demethylation in mice

The aim of this study was to investigate whether punicalagin(PU)could prevent obesity-related cardiac dysfunction by promoting DNA demethy lation,and to explore its possible mechanism.C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet,high-fat diet(HFD),HFD supplemented with resveratrol,low-dose PU(LPU)and high-dose PU(HPU)for 8 weeks.Compared with HFD group,body weight was significantly lower in PU treatment groups,number of cardionwocytes and the protein level of myosin heavy chain 7B were significantly higher in PU treatment groups.Levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine were significantly lower in HFD group than in other groups.Compared with the HFD group,the protein level of ten-eleven translocation enzyme(TET)2 was significantly higher in PU treatment groups,p-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was significantly higher in LPU group.Levels of total antioxidant capacity and the protein levels of complexesⅡ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,succinate dehydrogenase B and fumarate hdrolase were significantly lower in HFD group than PU treatment group.The ratio of(succinic acid+fumaric acid)/a-ketoglutarate was significantly higher in HFD group than other groups.In conclusion,PU up-regulated TETs enzyme activities and TET2 protein stability through alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and activating AMPK,so as to promote DNA demethylation,thus preventing obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.

Some Results on Unicity of Entire Functions Related to Normal Families

This paper studied the connection between normal family and unicity, and proved some results on unicity of entire functions. Mostly, it was proved： Let f be a nonconstant entire function, and let a, c be two nonzero complex numbers. If E（a,f）=E（a,f＇ ）, and f＂（z）=c whenever f＇ （z）=a, then f（z）=Ae^（cz）/u ＋（ac-a^2）/c.The proof uses the theory of normal families in an essential way.

Some Normality Criteria for Families of Meromorphic Functions

Let κ be a positive integer and F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D such that for each f ∈ F, all poles of f are of multiplicity at least 2,and all zeros of f are of multiplicity at least κ + 1. Let α and b be two distinct finite complex numbers. If for each f ∈ F, all zeros of f;-α are of multiplicity at least 2,and for each pair of functions f, g ∈ F, f;and g;share b in D, then F is normal in D.

Normal Families and Shared Functions

Let k be a positive integer,let h be a holomorphic function in a domain D,h■0and let F be a family of nonvanishing meromorphic functions in D.If each pair of functions f and q in F,f^((k)) and g^((k)) share h in D,then F is normal in D.

Normal Families of Meromorphic Functions and Shared Set

In this paper,we study the normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions concerning shared set depending on f∈F.Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in the unit disc A.For each f∈F,all zeros of f have multiplicity at least 2 and there exist nonzero complex numbers b_f,c_f satisfying(i) b_f/c_f is a constant;(ii) min{σ(0,b_f),σ(0,c_f),σ(b_f,c_f)} ≥m for some m > 0;(iii) E_f'(S_f)■ E_f(S_f),where S_f = {b_f,c_f}.Then F is normal in A.At the same time,the corresponding results are also proved.The results in this paper improve and generalize the related results

Normal families of meromorphic functions

A normal theorem concerning meromorphic functions sharing values was proved with the method of Zalcman- Pang.The theorem is as follows. If for each f in F, all zeros of f-a have multiplicity at least k (k≥2), f and its k-th derivative function share a, and if f=b whenever its k-th derivative equal b, then F is normal in D. This theorem improved the result of Chen and Fang [Chen HH, Fang ML, Shared values and normal families of meromorphic functions, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2001, 260: 124-132].

The Normal Family of Meromorphic Functions Concerning Shared Analytic Function

In this paper,we study the normal criterion of meromorphic functions concerning shared analytic function.We get some theorems concerning shared analytic function,which improves some earlier related results.