Objective: To investigate the associated collateral stigma of the family members of schizophrenia patients and analyze its current status and influencing factors. Methods: The Link Depreciation-Discrimination Percepti...Objective: To investigate the associated collateral stigma of the family members of schizophrenia patients and analyze its current status and influencing factors. Methods: The Link Depreciation-Discrimination Perception Scale was used to investigate the status quo of the associated stigma of the family members of 169 schizophrenia patients diagnosed in 4 hospitals in a certain province. The results of the investigation were analyzed and summarized. Results: The detection rate of stigma associated with the family members of schizophrenia patients was 72.78%, with a score of 28.41 ± 3.92 points. The main influencing factors were the family member’s education level, the patient’s illness duration, the family member’s occupation, and the family-patient relationship. Conclusion: The detection rate of stigma associated with schizophrenia was relatively high. This requires increased attention and appropriate nursing intervention.展开更多
Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects a...Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan-ⅡA),a bioactive compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza plants,has sho...BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan-ⅡA),a bioactive compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza plants,has shown potential neuroprotective effects;however,the mechanisms underlying such a function remain unclear.AIM To investigate potential Tan-ⅡA neuroprotective effects in AD and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms.METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining was utilized to analyze structural brain tissue morphology.To assess changes in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting.Additionally,the effect of Tan-ⅡA on AD cell models was evaluated in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Genetic changes related to the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)/microRNA(miRNA,miR)-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis were assessed through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS In vivo,Tan-ⅡA treatment improved neuronal morphology and attenuated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain tissue of AD mice.In vitro experiments showed that Tan-ⅡA dose-dependently ameliorated the amyloid-beta 1-42-induced reduction of neural stem cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation.In this process,the lncRNA NEAT1-a potential therapeutic target-is highly expressed in AD mice and downregulated via Tan-ⅡA treatment.Mechanistically,NEAT1 promotes the transcription and translation of Rab22a via miR-291a-3p,which activates nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling,leading to activation of the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and inhibition of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein,which exacerbates AD.Tan-ⅡA intervention effectively blocked this process by inhibiting the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis and NF-κB signaling.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Tan-ⅡA exerts neuroprotective effects in AD by modulating the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a/NF-κB signaling pathway,serving as a foundation for the development of innovative approaches for AD therapy.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on the different family values of the east and the west in The Joy Luck Club from the view of cross-culture communication.The paper first gives a brief introduction to the structure and conte...This paper mainly focuses on the different family values of the east and the west in The Joy Luck Club from the view of cross-culture communication.The paper first gives a brief introduction to the structure and content of The Joy Luck Club.Then it analyzes family values from three parts:attitudes towards marriage,relationships among family members and the education of children.The paper provides several examples to explain the different family values of the east and the west in The Joy Luck Club.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)contributes to altered lipid profiles and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Youth with T1D may have additional CVD risk factors within the first decade of diagnosis.AIM T...BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)contributes to altered lipid profiles and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Youth with T1D may have additional CVD risk factors within the first decade of diagnosis.AIM To examine risk factors for dyslipidemia in young subjects with T1D.METHODS Longitudinal and cross-sectional retrospective study of 170 young subjects with T1D(86 males;baseline mean age 12.2±5.6 years and hemoglobin A1c 8.4%±1.4%)were followed in a single tertiary diabetes center for a median duration of 15 years.Predictors for outcomes of lipid profiles at last visit(total cholesterol[TC],triglycerides[TGs],low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol[LDL-c],and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol[HDL-c])were analyzed by stepwise linear regression models.RESULTS At baseline,79.5%of the patients had at least one additional CVD risk factor(borderline dyslipidemia/dyslipidemia[37.5%],pre-hypertension/hypertension[27.6%],and overweight/obesity[16.5%])and 41.6%had multiple(≥2)CVD risk factors.A positive family history of at least one CVD risk factor in a first-degree relative was reported in 54.1%of the cohort.Predictors of elevated TC:family history of CVD(β[SE]=23.1[8.3],P=0.006);of elevated LDL-c:baseline diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(β[SE]=11.4[4.7],P=0.003)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=20.7[6.8],P=0.017);of elevated TGs:baseline DBP(β[SE]=23.8[9.1],P=0.010)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=31.0[13.1],P=0.020);and of low HDL-c levels:baseline DBP(β[SE]=4.8[2.1],P=0.022]).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that elevated lipid profiles are associated with DBP and a positive family history of CVD.It is of utmost importance to prevent and control modifiable risk factors such as these,as early as childhood,given that inadequate glycemic control and elevation in blood pressure intensify the risk of dyslipidemia.展开更多
<strong>Objectives:</strong> To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in first and second degree relatives of Hemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Early detecti...<strong>Objectives:</strong> To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in first and second degree relatives of Hemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Early detection and intervention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may prevent or delay the progression and achieve improved patient outcomes. Family members of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered as a high-risk population for CKD. The aim of this work is to screen and estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in first and second degree relatives of hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> This is an observational prospective study carried out in Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Menoufia University Hospital during January 2019 to January 2020. First and second degree relatives of ESRD were included. Relatives with known CKD risk factors or relative to ESRD with known hereditary disease were excluded. Serum creatinine and estimated eGFR, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and abdominal ultrasound were done twice with 3 months apart to screen for CKD. <strong>Results:</strong> 321 persons from first and second degree relatives of chronic hemodialysis patients were included. CKD prevalence was 5.6% Comparison between CKD group and non CKD showed no statistically significant difference as regard age, Gender, Smoking, BMI, and degree of relatives. There were highly significant difference between the studied groups as regard serum creatinine, bloodurea, eGFR and ACR. Relatives of ESRD patients of unknown etiology showed highly significant difference to develop CKD (44.4%) compared to non CKD group 11.5% with P value < 0.0001. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevalence of CKD in relatives—without any CKD risk factors—to ESRD was 5.6%. Family members of ESRD should be screened for CKD, especially relatives to ESRD of unknown etiology.展开更多
Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,...Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the associated collateral stigma of the family members of schizophrenia patients and analyze its current status and influencing factors. Methods: The Link Depreciation-Discrimination Perception Scale was used to investigate the status quo of the associated stigma of the family members of 169 schizophrenia patients diagnosed in 4 hospitals in a certain province. The results of the investigation were analyzed and summarized. Results: The detection rate of stigma associated with the family members of schizophrenia patients was 72.78%, with a score of 28.41 ± 3.92 points. The main influencing factors were the family member’s education level, the patient’s illness duration, the family member’s occupation, and the family-patient relationship. Conclusion: The detection rate of stigma associated with schizophrenia was relatively high. This requires increased attention and appropriate nursing intervention.
文摘Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.
基金Supported by 2020 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Care Commission Self-Financing Research Projects,No.Z202000962023 Guangxi University Young and Middle-Aged Teachers’Basic Research Ability Improvement Project,No.2023KY0091+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260241the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,No.2015GXNSFAA139171 and No.2020GXNSFAA259053.
文摘BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan-ⅡA),a bioactive compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza plants,has shown potential neuroprotective effects;however,the mechanisms underlying such a function remain unclear.AIM To investigate potential Tan-ⅡA neuroprotective effects in AD and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms.METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining was utilized to analyze structural brain tissue morphology.To assess changes in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting.Additionally,the effect of Tan-ⅡA on AD cell models was evaluated in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Genetic changes related to the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)/microRNA(miRNA,miR)-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis were assessed through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS In vivo,Tan-ⅡA treatment improved neuronal morphology and attenuated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain tissue of AD mice.In vitro experiments showed that Tan-ⅡA dose-dependently ameliorated the amyloid-beta 1-42-induced reduction of neural stem cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation.In this process,the lncRNA NEAT1-a potential therapeutic target-is highly expressed in AD mice and downregulated via Tan-ⅡA treatment.Mechanistically,NEAT1 promotes the transcription and translation of Rab22a via miR-291a-3p,which activates nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling,leading to activation of the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and inhibition of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein,which exacerbates AD.Tan-ⅡA intervention effectively blocked this process by inhibiting the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis and NF-κB signaling.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Tan-ⅡA exerts neuroprotective effects in AD by modulating the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a/NF-κB signaling pathway,serving as a foundation for the development of innovative approaches for AD therapy.
文摘This paper mainly focuses on the different family values of the east and the west in The Joy Luck Club from the view of cross-culture communication.The paper first gives a brief introduction to the structure and content of The Joy Luck Club.Then it analyzes family values from three parts:attitudes towards marriage,relationships among family members and the education of children.The paper provides several examples to explain the different family values of the east and the west in The Joy Luck Club.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Rabin Medical Center,approval No.0075-17-RMC.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)contributes to altered lipid profiles and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Youth with T1D may have additional CVD risk factors within the first decade of diagnosis.AIM To examine risk factors for dyslipidemia in young subjects with T1D.METHODS Longitudinal and cross-sectional retrospective study of 170 young subjects with T1D(86 males;baseline mean age 12.2±5.6 years and hemoglobin A1c 8.4%±1.4%)were followed in a single tertiary diabetes center for a median duration of 15 years.Predictors for outcomes of lipid profiles at last visit(total cholesterol[TC],triglycerides[TGs],low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol[LDL-c],and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol[HDL-c])were analyzed by stepwise linear regression models.RESULTS At baseline,79.5%of the patients had at least one additional CVD risk factor(borderline dyslipidemia/dyslipidemia[37.5%],pre-hypertension/hypertension[27.6%],and overweight/obesity[16.5%])and 41.6%had multiple(≥2)CVD risk factors.A positive family history of at least one CVD risk factor in a first-degree relative was reported in 54.1%of the cohort.Predictors of elevated TC:family history of CVD(β[SE]=23.1[8.3],P=0.006);of elevated LDL-c:baseline diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(β[SE]=11.4[4.7],P=0.003)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=20.7[6.8],P=0.017);of elevated TGs:baseline DBP(β[SE]=23.8[9.1],P=0.010)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=31.0[13.1],P=0.020);and of low HDL-c levels:baseline DBP(β[SE]=4.8[2.1],P=0.022]).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that elevated lipid profiles are associated with DBP and a positive family history of CVD.It is of utmost importance to prevent and control modifiable risk factors such as these,as early as childhood,given that inadequate glycemic control and elevation in blood pressure intensify the risk of dyslipidemia.
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in first and second degree relatives of Hemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Early detection and intervention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may prevent or delay the progression and achieve improved patient outcomes. Family members of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered as a high-risk population for CKD. The aim of this work is to screen and estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in first and second degree relatives of hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> This is an observational prospective study carried out in Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Menoufia University Hospital during January 2019 to January 2020. First and second degree relatives of ESRD were included. Relatives with known CKD risk factors or relative to ESRD with known hereditary disease were excluded. Serum creatinine and estimated eGFR, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and abdominal ultrasound were done twice with 3 months apart to screen for CKD. <strong>Results:</strong> 321 persons from first and second degree relatives of chronic hemodialysis patients were included. CKD prevalence was 5.6% Comparison between CKD group and non CKD showed no statistically significant difference as regard age, Gender, Smoking, BMI, and degree of relatives. There were highly significant difference between the studied groups as regard serum creatinine, bloodurea, eGFR and ACR. Relatives of ESRD patients of unknown etiology showed highly significant difference to develop CKD (44.4%) compared to non CKD group 11.5% with P value < 0.0001. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevalence of CKD in relatives—without any CKD risk factors—to ESRD was 5.6%. Family members of ESRD should be screened for CKD, especially relatives to ESRD of unknown etiology.
文摘Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.
