Facet Regulation of Fe_(2)O_(3) via Nanoarray Architecture to Enable High Faradic Efficiency for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation

We propose a facile facet regulation enabled by nanoarray architecture to achieve a high faradic efficiency of Fe_(2)O_(3) catalyst for NRR. The a-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanorod arrays (NAs) were directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) with specific (104) facet exposure. The highly exposed (104) facets provide abundant unsaturated Fe atoms with dangling bonds as nitrogen reduction reaction catalytically active sites. In addition, the NAs architecture enables the enhanced electrochemical surface area (ECSA) to fully manifest the active sites and maintain the mass diffusion. Thus, the selectively exposed (104) facets coupled with the high ECSA of NAs architecture achieve a high FE of 14.89% and a high yield rate of 17.28 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2). This work presents an effective strategy to develop highly efficient catalytic electrodes for electrochemical NRR via facet regulation and nanoarray architecture.

Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites and Roll-to-Roll (R2R) Compatible Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets and Ionic Liquid-Polymer Gel

We present the electrical and supercapacitive performance of graphene nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites and flexible solid state electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) respectively. Graphene-doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass exhibited transmittance above 95% and electrical conductivity of 2.70 × 10ˉ1 S·cmˉ1 and 9.01 × 10ˉ1 S·cmˉ1 respectively. Graphene loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity as high as 2.11 × 10ˉ1 S·cmˉ1 at low loadings of 2 wt%. The use of graphene was necessitated by the need to increase the EDLC capacitance and energy density since it provides high effective surface area. The polymer gel membrane made from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) and the Ionic Liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate exhibited high porosity which made it suitable for use as separator in the EDLC. The highest recorded specific capacitance was 133.82 F/g which can be attributed to the porosity of the IL containing PVDF-co-HFP membrane and the large surface area of the graphene electrodes. At an operating voltage of 3.5 V the energy density was found to be 56.92 Wh·Kgˉ1. All chemicals were research grade and were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.

Farad监控系统在商场变配电中的应用

阐述了Farad监控系统对用户配电网络、各种电气设备进行实时监控。并记录监控信息,工作人员依据监控信息对用电安全进行分析,更换电气设备,减少故障发生,提高用户供配电系统的稳定性。

FARAD 200B超高压变电站自动化系统

由深圳华力特成套设备有限公司生产的FARAD 200B超高压变电站自动化系统是针对500／330／220kV高电压等级变电站专门设计的全套解决方案。产品建立在GE-HARRIS公司相当成熟的500kV变电站自动化系统解决方案基础之上，即D200+D25+SEI35l+工业以太网的方案。

Fe-based catalysts for nitrogen reduction toward ammonia electrosynthesis under ambient conditions

As one of the most important chemicals and carbon-free energy carriers,ammonia(NH3)has significant energy-related applications in industry and agriculture.Ninety percent of NH_(3) is produced by the Haber-Bosch process using high-purity N_(2) and H_(2) at high temperatures and pressures,which consumes about 1%of the total energy production and causes 1.4% of global CO_(2) emissions.The environmentally friendly electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)with low energy consumption is a promising alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch process.However,the main issue is the low Faradaic efficiency and NH3 selectivity of electrochemical NRR,caused by inert nitrogen molecules and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction.As one of the cheapest and most abundant transition metals widely utilized in the Haber-Bosch process,the Fe element has presented the potential high performance for the electrochemical NRR.This article summarizes recent advances and research progress in non-noble Fe-based catalysts used for NH_(3) electrosynthesis.Various synthetic protocols,structure/morphology modification,performance improvement,and reaction mechanisms are comprehensively presented.Based on recent experimental and theoretical studies,we aim to illuminate the structure-property relationship and offer an excellent opportunity for engineering advanced Fe-based catalysts for nitrogen fixation.The most critical challenges and opportunities for Fe-based catalysts are also provided.This review would open up a promising avenue toward developing platinum-group-metal-free catalysts for electrochemical NRR applications in the future.

Entire onion source-derived redox porous carbon electrodes towards efficient quasi-solid-state solar charged hybrid supercapacitor

Biomass-derived electrodes inherently containing redox-active species have gained extensive attention recently due to their availability,eco-friendliness,sustainability,and low cost.We report novel binder-free faradic surface redox onion-derived carbon positive electrode with nano regime particles by hydrothermal synthesis and Na^(+)and Cl^(−)ions diffused porous carbon negative electrode via a carbonization method.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxidized sulfur and(N-6)pyridinic N-based redox groups inherently present in the as-prepared compounds.The electrochemical analysis of the positive electrode revealed its faradic redox type of energy storage mechanism with an excellent specific capacitance of 1805 Fg^(-1) at the current density of 3 Ag^(-1) as well as appreciable long-term cycling stability(76.8%retention after 10000 charge-discharge cycles).Meanwhile,the negative electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 373 Fg^(-1) at 1 Ag^(-1) with outstanding long-term cycling stability(100.7%retention after 10000 cycles).The fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-potassium hydroxide gel electrolyte-based quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor(QHSC)delivered excellent energy density and power density of 19.94 Wh kg^(-1) and 374.99 W kg^(-1),respectively with an ultralong cyclic life(102.3% retention)over 10000 cycles.Furthermore,the QHSC was connected to a solar panel to store renewable energy.Solar charged QHSC effectively powered a speedometer,enlightening its potential application in advanced sustainable energy storage systems.

Pseudocapacitive desalination via valence engineering with spindle-like manganese oxide/carbon composites

Manganese tetravalent oxide(MnO_(2)),a superstar Faradic electrode material,has been investigated extensively for capacitive desalination,enabling higher salt adsorption capacity compared to the great majority of carbonous electrodes.However,few works paid attention on the relationship between the valences of manganese oxide and their desalination performance.For the first time,we prepared the spindle-like manganese oxides/carbon composites with divalent(MnO@C),trivalent(Mn_(2)O_(3)@C)and divalent/trivalent(Mn_(3)O_(4)@C)manganese by pyrolysis of manganese carbonate precursor under different condition,respectively.The electrochemical behavior in three-electrode system and electrosorption performance obtained in hybrid membrane capacitive deionization(HMCDI)cells assembled with capacitive carbon electrodes were systematically evaluated,respectively.High salt adsorption capacity(as large as 31.3,22.2,and 18.9 mg·g^(−1))and corresponding average salt adsorption rates(0.83,0.53,and 1.71 mg·g^(−1)min−1)were achieved in 500 mg·L^(−1) NaCl solution for MnO@C,Mn_(2)O_(3)@C,and Mn_(3)O_(4)@C,respectively.During fifteen electrosorption-desorption cycles,ex-situ water contact angle and morphology comparison analysis demonstrated the superior cycling durability of the manganese oxide electrodes and subtle difference between their surface redox.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)was also conducted to elaborate the disparity among the valence states of manganese(+2,+3 and +2/+3)for in-depth understanding.This work introduced manganese oxide with various valences to blaze new trails for developing novel Faradic electrode materials with high-efficiency desalination performance by valence engineering.