Ability to modify plants at the genomic level by advanced molecular technology has enhanced the scope of improvements in plant traits attempted earlier through conventional breeding methods. Techniques such as genetic...Ability to modify plants at the genomic level by advanced molecular technology has enhanced the scope of improvements in plant traits attempted earlier through conventional breeding methods. Techniques such as genetic transformation have opened new vistas whereby functional genes, not commonly present in a particular species can be added from other species. The traits incorporated into the genetically engineered plants in the beginning were confined to those governed by dominant genes, e.g. insecticide resistance and herbicide tolerance but advancements with time now also permit the transfer of complexly inherited traits such as drought and cold tolerance. Transgenic technology is also useful in understanding gene expression and metabolic pathways which can then be used to harness the full genomic potential of the plant. This review presents a narrative on development of transgenics and their use for the improvement of field, industrial and pharmaceuticals crops. In addition, discussions are made on current status on genetically modified crops, hurdles to genetic engineering, overcoming strategies and future scope.展开更多
【目的】针对环鄱阳湖受涝地区洪涝过后稻田水土环境质量退化的情况,研究不同水肥管理与耕作措施对涝渍灾后稻田水稻产量及土壤pH值与土壤养分含量变化的影响,以期为鄱阳湖区涝渍灾后稻田水肥管理与合理耕作提供理论依据和技术支撑。【...【目的】针对环鄱阳湖受涝地区洪涝过后稻田水土环境质量退化的情况,研究不同水肥管理与耕作措施对涝渍灾后稻田水稻产量及土壤pH值与土壤养分含量变化的影响,以期为鄱阳湖区涝渍灾后稻田水肥管理与合理耕作提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以涝渍灾后稻田土壤为研究对象,采用水稻盆栽试验,设2种耕作深度(18 cm T0、22 cm T1)与灌溉方式(常规淹灌W0、间歇灌溉W1)和3种施肥方式(稻草还田+单施化肥CK、稻草还田+化肥配施土壤调理剂F1、稻草还田+化肥配施炭基肥F2),共组成12个处理,研究不同农艺措施对水稻产量及其构成、干物质积累量及土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾养分含量的影响。【结果】对于水稻产量,间歇灌溉处理高于常规淹灌处理,耕作深度22 cm处理高于18 cm处理。其中,耕作深度18 cm条件下,F1+W1T0、F2+W1T0和F2+W0T0处理间的水稻产量差异不明显,却显著高于处理CK+W0T0,增幅分别为67.71%、63.02%和59.53%;耕作深度22 cm条件下,F1+W1T1处理水稻产量最高,显著高于处理CK+W1T1,增幅为21.56%;此外,F2+W0T1处理的水稻产量显著高于F1+W0T1处理和CK+W0T1处理,增幅分别为25.59%、17.66%。增施炭基肥后水稻干物质积累总量显著高于增施土壤调理剂处理和单施化肥处理。与单施化肥相比,增施土壤调理剂能显著提升土壤pH值,增加了0.43~0.72个单位;而增施炭基肥对土壤pH值的提升效果不明显。对于土壤养分含量,F2+W1T1处理较CK+W1T1处理有所提高,显著提高了土壤速效钾和有效磷的含量,增幅分别为34.72%、69.64%,而对土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮的含量影响不显著。【结论】在保持翻耕深度为22 cm的基础上,采用稻草还田配施化肥与炭基肥,并结合间歇灌溉措施能够改善涝渍灾后稻田土壤质量和提高水稻产量。展开更多
文摘Ability to modify plants at the genomic level by advanced molecular technology has enhanced the scope of improvements in plant traits attempted earlier through conventional breeding methods. Techniques such as genetic transformation have opened new vistas whereby functional genes, not commonly present in a particular species can be added from other species. The traits incorporated into the genetically engineered plants in the beginning were confined to those governed by dominant genes, e.g. insecticide resistance and herbicide tolerance but advancements with time now also permit the transfer of complexly inherited traits such as drought and cold tolerance. Transgenic technology is also useful in understanding gene expression and metabolic pathways which can then be used to harness the full genomic potential of the plant. This review presents a narrative on development of transgenics and their use for the improvement of field, industrial and pharmaceuticals crops. In addition, discussions are made on current status on genetically modified crops, hurdles to genetic engineering, overcoming strategies and future scope.
文摘【目的】针对环鄱阳湖受涝地区洪涝过后稻田水土环境质量退化的情况,研究不同水肥管理与耕作措施对涝渍灾后稻田水稻产量及土壤pH值与土壤养分含量变化的影响,以期为鄱阳湖区涝渍灾后稻田水肥管理与合理耕作提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以涝渍灾后稻田土壤为研究对象,采用水稻盆栽试验,设2种耕作深度(18 cm T0、22 cm T1)与灌溉方式(常规淹灌W0、间歇灌溉W1)和3种施肥方式(稻草还田+单施化肥CK、稻草还田+化肥配施土壤调理剂F1、稻草还田+化肥配施炭基肥F2),共组成12个处理,研究不同农艺措施对水稻产量及其构成、干物质积累量及土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾养分含量的影响。【结果】对于水稻产量,间歇灌溉处理高于常规淹灌处理,耕作深度22 cm处理高于18 cm处理。其中,耕作深度18 cm条件下,F1+W1T0、F2+W1T0和F2+W0T0处理间的水稻产量差异不明显,却显著高于处理CK+W0T0,增幅分别为67.71%、63.02%和59.53%;耕作深度22 cm条件下,F1+W1T1处理水稻产量最高,显著高于处理CK+W1T1,增幅为21.56%;此外,F2+W0T1处理的水稻产量显著高于F1+W0T1处理和CK+W0T1处理,增幅分别为25.59%、17.66%。增施炭基肥后水稻干物质积累总量显著高于增施土壤调理剂处理和单施化肥处理。与单施化肥相比,增施土壤调理剂能显著提升土壤pH值,增加了0.43~0.72个单位;而增施炭基肥对土壤pH值的提升效果不明显。对于土壤养分含量,F2+W1T1处理较CK+W1T1处理有所提高,显著提高了土壤速效钾和有效磷的含量,增幅分别为34.72%、69.64%,而对土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮的含量影响不显著。【结论】在保持翻耕深度为22 cm的基础上,采用稻草还田配施化肥与炭基肥,并结合间歇灌溉措施能够改善涝渍灾后稻田土壤质量和提高水稻产量。
