Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of PIK3R1 and DUSP1 genes and their genetic associations with milk production traits in dairy cows

Background:Previously,phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1(PIK3R1)and dual specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1)were identified as promising candidate genes for milk production traits due to their being differentially expressed between the dry period and the peak of lactation in livers of dairy cows.Hence,in this study,the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of PIK3R1 and DUSP1 genes were identified and their genetic associations with milk yield,fat yield,fat percentage,protein yield,and protein percentage,were investigated using 1067 Chinese Holstein cows from 40 sire families.Results:By re-sequencing the entire coding region and 2000 bp of the 5′and 3′flanking regions of the two genes,one SNP in the 5′untranslated region(UTR),three in the 3′UTR,and two in the 3′flanking region of PIK3R1 were identified,and one in the 5′flanking region,one in the 3′UTR,and two in the 3′flanking region of DUSP1 were found.Subsequent single-locus association analyses showed that five SNPs in PIK3 R1,rs42590258,rs210389799,rs208819656,rs41255622,rs133655926,and rs211408208,and four SNPs in DUSP1,rs207593520,rs208460068,rs209154772,and rs210000760,were significantly associated with milk,fat and protein yields in the first or second lactation(P values≤0.0001 and 0.0461).In addition,by the Haploview 4.2 software,the six and four SNPs in PIK3R1 and DUSP1 respectively formed one haplotype block,and the haplotype-based association analyses showed significant associations between their haplotype combinations and the milk traits in both two lactations(P values≤0.0001 and 0.0364).One SNP,rs207593520(T/G),was predicted to alter the transcription factor binding sites(TFBSs)in the 5′flanking region of DUSP1.Further,the dual-luciferase assay showed that the transcription activity of allele T in rs207593520 was significantly higher than that of allele G,suggesting the activation of transcriptional activity of DUSP1 gene by allele T of rs207593520.Thus,the rs207593520 SNP was highlighted as a potential causal mutation that should be further verified.Conclusions:We demonstrated novel and significant genetic effects of the PIK3R1 and DUSP1 genes on milk production traits in dairy cows,and our findings provide information for use in dairy cattle breeding.

Identifying multi-component drug candidates in natural products via association rule mining

OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquired by integrating conventional databases;Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database(TCM-ID)and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID).Therapeutic effect of each herb on the type 2 diabetes was examined by analyzing annotated function information with a text-mining method.The Apriori algorithm,which is a classical method for extracting associations between object in large-scale databases,was employed to infer association rules between compound combinations and therapeutic effect on the target disease.The chemical composition and therapeutic information of each herb was used as a transaction,which consists of the chemical compound combination as an antecedent item set and the therapeutic effect as a consequent item.The association rules with high support and confidence value were suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.RESULTS Totally 40 941 association rules were inferred with support lower bound 0.05% and maximum rule length 4.With respect to support and confidence,the top-ranked compound combination was puerarin and daidzin(support=0.15%,confidence=100%).In addition,the top 16 compound combinations were composed of 11 individual chemical compounds;puerarin,daidzin,abscisic acid,batatisine,dopamine,cholesterol,daidzein,gamma-aminobutyric acid,stigmasterol,campesteryl ferulate,and campesterol.To validate therapeutic effect of the proposed compound combinations,literature evidences of each individual compound were investigated.Among the 11 individual compounds,six compounds were reported to be effective for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION By analyzing natural product in formation with association rule mining,16 compound combinations are suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.These compound combinations are recommended for further investigation in the context of drug development.

Mining Elite Alleles of Growth Duration and Productive Panicle Number per Plant by Association Mapping with Conditional Phenotypic Value in Japonica Rice

To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield, elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration （GD） and productive panicle number per plant （PN） were detected. A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD, PN and plant height （PH） in two environments. The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0, and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL. A total of 34 simple sequence repeat （SSR） marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments. Among them, 15 were associated with GD, and 19 were associated with PN. Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp, RM7102-176bp, RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD, and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing, Nipponbare, Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401, respectively. These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03-9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials. RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele, and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong. It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials. Moreover, these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.

A significant quantitative trait locus on chromosome Z and its impact on egg production traits in seven maternal lines of meat-type chicken

Background:Egg production is economically important in the meat-type chicken industry.To better understand the molecular genetic mechanism of egg production in meat-type chicken,genetic parameter estimation,genome-wide association analyses combined with meta-analyses,Bayesian analyses,and selective sweep analyses were performed to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and other genetic loci that were significantly associated with egg number traits in 11,279 chickens from seven material lines.Results:Yellow-feathered meat-type chickens laid 115 eggs at 43 weeks of age and white-feathered chickens laid 143 eggs at 60 weeks of age,with heritability ranging from 0.034–0.258.Based on meta-analyses and selective sweep analyses,one region(10.81–13.05 Mb)on chromosome Z was associated with egg number in all lines.Further analyses using the W2 line was also associated with the same region,and 29 SNPs were identified that significantly affected estimation of breeding value of egg numbers.The 29 SNPs were identified as having a significant effect on the egg number EBV in 3194 birds in line W2.There are 36 genes in the region,with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,DAB adaptor protein 2,protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1,NAD kinase 2,mitochondrial,WD repeat domain 70,leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha,complement C6,and complement C7 identified as being potentially affecting to egg number.In addition,three SNPs(rs318154184,rs13769886,and rs313325646)associated with egg number were located on or near the prolactin receptor gene.Conclusion:Our study used genomic information from different chicken lines and populations to identify a genomic region(spanning 2.24 Mb)associated with egg number.Nine genes and 29 SNPs were identified as the most likely candidate genes and variations for egg production.These results contribute to the identification of candidate genes and variants for egg traits in poultry.

Effects of Stylosanthes scabra Forage Supplementation on in Vitro Gas Production and Fiber Degradation of Eragrostis Grass Hay

Natural pastures constitute a major component of ruminant livestock feed, and are the most cost-effective feed resource available for smallholder subsistence farmers. However, this feed resource does not meet animal nutritional requirement due to deficiency in nitrogen, energy and minerals. In addition, at maturity lignification is the major concern since it reduces digestibility and contributes to methane emission. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing low-quality Eragrostis grass hay with five (9281, 11,252, 11,255, 11,595 and 11,604) selected Stylosanthes scabra accessions on in vitro ruminal fermentation and neutral detergent fiber degradation. Therefore, in vitro study was conducted on grass hay, accessions and the mixture of grass hay with each accession included at two (15%, 30%) levels. The substrates (grass hay, accessions and the mixtures) were incubated in separate serum bottles for 72 h. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the accessions ranged from 300 to 350 g/kg DM with crude protein (CP) value ranging from 177.5 to 184.1 g/kg DM. Eragrostis grass hay had NDF value of 813 g/kg DM, with CP value of 34.3 g/kg DM. Grass hay fermented slowly, it took 30 h for grass hay to produce gas volume above 50 mL, while Stylosanthes scabra accessions took 12 h. Supplementing grass hay with accessions significantly improved fermentation. However, it was observed that 15% inclusion took 30 h to produce gas volume above 50 mL, whereas at 30% inclusions it took 24 h for accession 9281, 11,595 and 11,604. Accession 11,604 improve grass fermentation by almost three times the value of grass hay in 2 h. Grass hay supplemented with accession 11,604 at 30% had a positive associative effect and significantly improved NDF degradability. In conclusion, accession 11,604 may be fed strategically as forage supplement to low-quality forage for ruminants.

EU＇s Association Agreements ＆ Central America： No Milk Until the Cows Come Home

Why did the European Union （EU） conclude an Association Agreement （A.A）, rather than a free-trade agreement with Central American （CA） countries in 2010？ A CA-EU AA content analysis within the broader EU policy approach towards Latin America suggests it to be （1） the only feasible option for each side at a time of increasing commercial flux; （2） mutually attractive against globalizing threats, thus converting an institutional innovation into a double-edged instrument; and （3） illustrative of the subtle but significant shift of farm-protection demands from endogenous dynamics to exogenous. They carry important implications： （1） empirically： weak CA-EU linkages further dilute West Europe＇s broader Latin ambitions; （2） theoretically： AA analyses better reflect trading realities than pure regional economic integration theories, suggesting the corrosive impact of globalizing forces on regional pursuits; and （3） historically： the continued role of the farm jinx in trade.

杜撒×大长撒VRTN基因多态及其与生产性状的关联研究

为研究杜撒×大长撒VRTN基因多态及其对育肥、胴体、肉质的影响。采用PCR直接测序法对杜撒×大长撒、杜洛克、长白、大白VRTN基因启动子区和4个外显子区进行单核苷酸多态性检测,计算VRTN基因多态位点基因型频率及基因频率,测定杜撒×大长撒猪群的育肥、胴体和肌肉品质,采用最小二乘模型分析VRTN基因与育肥、胴体、肉质的关联。结果显示:在4个猪群中共检测到VRTN g.97615896_97615897ins291和VRTN g.97622607G>A 2个突变位点具有多态性,其中,g.97615896_97615897ins291在4个猪群中均存在Q/Q、Q/Wt、Wt/Wt 3种基因型,4个群体均属于中度多态,均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;杜撒×大长撒g.97615896_97615897ins291位点Q/Q基因型活体背膘厚比Wt/Wt基因型少0.36 mm(P<0.05)、肋骨数比Wt/Wt基因型多0.63对(P<0.01),Q/Wt基因型胴体斜长比Wt/Wt长1.56 cm(P<0.05),Q/Q和Q/Wt基因型眼肌面积比Wt/Wt多4.38 cm^(2)、4.34 cm^(2)(P<0.05),Q/Q基因型瘦肉率比Wt/Wt高3.23百分点(P<0.05)、脂率比Wt/Wt低4.1百分点(P<0.05);VRTN g.97622607G>A位点在杜撒×大长撒属于低度多态(PIC=0.0799),处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;杜撒×大长撒VRTN g.97622607G>A位点GG基因型30~100 kg日增重比GA基因型多61.43 g·d^(-1)(P<0.01),瘦肉率比GA基因型高2.53百分点(P<0.05)。结果表明:VRTN g.97615896_97615897ins291位点插入等位基因Q可增加杜撒×大长撒猪群肋骨数、胴体斜长、眼肌面积和瘦肉率,降低活体背膘厚和脂率;VRTN g.97622607G>A位点GG基因型可提高杜撒×大长撒猪群的日增重和瘦肉率。本研究结果为利用VRTN基因进行分子标记辅助选择提高撒坝猪的生产性能提供依据。

《生产工艺》(1930—1931)与中国“设计现代性”之兴起

20世纪30年代是中国设计运动之现代性兴起的关键历史时期,同时也是中国现代设计观念初步形成的重要历史时期。成立于这一时期的“生产工艺协进会”肩负“生产工艺振兴”的民族使命,积极倡导中国生产工艺的改良与推广,以生产工艺的现代性建构为办刊宗旨和行动指南创办了《生产工艺》杂志。从设计现代性视域出发,以《生产工艺》为文本研究依据,呈现生产工艺协进会成立的理念与宗旨,梳理艺术、工艺等关键概念的生成发展过程,彰显其在中国现代设计观念史上的意义和价值。

基于云-TOPSIS-灰关联分析模型的产品服务系统方案评价技术

方案评价是产品服务系统设计的关键环节之一,评价结果的合理性对企业发展至关重要。基于最小平方和法,构建了云-TOPSIS-灰关联分析模型,对产品服务系统方案进行评价。引入云模型和相对偏好关系量化离散型指标,解决专家评价的模糊性和随机性问题。运用TOPSIS灰关联分析法确定正、负理想灰关联系数矩阵,集成指标权重和正、负理想灰关联系数矩阵建立正、负理想加权灰关联系数矩阵,兼顾了几何方案序列曲线的位置接近度和形状相似度。运用最小平方和法求解灰关联投影系数,确定方案排序。以某农业装备企业拖拉机产品服务系统方案评价为实例,验证了所提模型的科学性和可行性。

空间理论视域下社会团体促进地方名人文化资源开发研究——以镇江市赛珍珠研究会为例

赛珍珠文化资源开发的过程也是构建镇江城市文化空间生产的过程。从列斐伏尔空间生产理论的三元一体视角,从空间表征、空间实践、表征空间三个方面考察镇江市赛珍珠研究会促进赛珍珠文化的空间生产,并分别提出具体的完善路径,可为城市发掘利用名人文化资源提供有益的借鉴。

农产品区块链溯源系统基于关联规则的消费者信任研究

农产品区块链溯源系统能够有效降低传统溯源系统中溯源信息失效风险,保障农产品安全。但在实际应用中也面临着消费者信任难以建立的问题,严重阻碍了区块链技术在农产品行业的普及和发展。本文利用内容分析、机器学习和关联规则方法,基于期望违背理论,探讨了溯源系统中消费者信任的影响因素及其作用机制。研究发现,农产品区块链溯源系统的信息认证和技术特性能够提升消费者的信任水平。此外,消费者期望违背、农产品地理标志和产品类别在系统特性与消费者信任之间起到显著的调节作用。本文拓展了区块链溯源场景下消费者信任的相关研究,同时也为区块链在农产品溯源领域的进一步落地应用提供新思路。

A Mechanism for Dynamic and Consistent Product Information Association

The dynamic and consistent information association among vtrious application activities in the full life cycle of a product is a key to the assurance of the cooperation among different application domains. In order to establish and maintain the association, a design-process-based product association model was proposed. This model takes advantage of the generic naming mechanism, the private protocol for history-based form feature modeling, on which the Data Association Protocol is built. Hence the model can provide the way of constructing and maintaining the information linkage among different product developing stages naturally and dynamically while keeping the privacy of the feature coding. A case study illustrates the utilities of the model in the data linking between design model and process planning model.

中国农产品地理标志的空间结构与乡村旅游关联性研究

乡村旅游发展视角下的农产品地理标志分布研究可为农旅融合发展的理论与实践提供借鉴。在探讨中国农产品地理标志的类型结构和空间分异特征的基础上,分析了农产品地理标志与美丽休闲乡村、乡村旅游星级企业、全国乡村旅游重点村等有形载体的空间关系。研究表明:农产品地理标志的种类不断丰富,粮食及油料占比下降,蔬菜瓜果及副食品占比提高;农产品地理标志在空间上呈现“东西部多且中部少”的特点,有3个高密度区和4个次高密度区,片状集聚分布特征显著;农产品地理标志与美丽休闲乡村、乡村旅游星级企业均呈显著的正向关联,与全国乡村旅游重点村关联不明显,融合休闲乡村旅游发展潜力分别处于较高、较低及低水平;根据农产品地理标志与乡村休闲旅游的有关系可以划分为5种融合发展类型及模型。

基于先验算法的服装生产流水线设计优化

针对服装生产线员工变动频繁、技能熟练度不一致以及设备布局受限等造成的流水线部件逆流和不平衡问题,提出了一种基于先验算法的服装生产工序组合关联规则挖掘方法,以优化流水线设计。根据服装工艺和生产特点提出了工序编码方法,通过改进Apriori算法来挖掘用于流水排布的生产工序关联规则,建立了以逆流情况和流水线平衡为约束的评判指标,通过工序内容与评判指标进行流水线优化排布。结果表明:优化后的流水线完全避免了零部件在路径上的传递损失,流水线的排布效率提高了20%,线内工位平均均衡比相较于原有产线提高了20%,排布内容更切合工厂生产实际环境和经验要求。使用该方法挖掘工序关联组合具有较好的可靠性,工序组合的应用有利于提升流水线排布的实际意义。

行业协会参与现代学徒制试点:境况、困顿与路向

行业协会是架构产教协同发展的纽带和桥梁。提升行业协会在我国现代学徒制试点中的服务指导能力,是全面推进现代学徒制工作的重要保障。然而,在我国现代学徒制试点的进程中,行业协会参与现代学徒制试点的程度却相当有限,其根本原因在于行业协会参与现代学徒制试点存在着系统性的短板:现代学徒制建设的政策体系不完善、行业协会与职业院校之间缺乏有效合作、部分企业对现代学徒制建设存在着消极应对态度、行业协会自身发展不足。要改变这样的被动局面,亟需及时优化行业协会参与现代学徒制建设的政策机制、建立健全职业院校与行业协会间的有效合作机制、强化合作企业的重要育人主体作用、以及加强行业组织自身建设。

天然产物调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中的研究进展

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)在调节肿瘤免疫方面作用突出,始终影响着肿瘤的发生、发展,是目前抗肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。天然产物被证实具有显著的免疫调节和抗肿瘤作用,已成为抗肿瘤免疫研究的热门领域。大量研究发现,天然产物如多糖类、黄酮类、皂苷类和生物碱类等可通过调控相关信号通路,调节肿瘤相关巨噬细胞免疫因子及标记物的表达,促进M1巨噬细胞极化,抑制M2巨噬细胞极化,改善肿瘤免疫微环境,发挥抗肿瘤免疫作用。该文通过总结近年来天然产物调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞以发挥抗肿瘤免疫作用的研究成果,从天然产物调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞以增强抗肿瘤免疫作用方面进行论述,以期为抗肿瘤免疫治疗提供新的研究思路。

体外产气法评价3种粗饲料的组合效应

试验旨在探索藜麦秸秆分别与苜蓿干草、玉米秸秆组合对羊瘤胃体外发酵特征的影响。设置精料+藜麦秸秆+苜蓿干草或玉米秸秆比例分别为40∶20∶40、40∶30∶30、40∶40∶20的6种组合日粮进行体外发酵,采集发酵0、2、4、6、8、12、24、48 h的产气量(GP),发酵结束后收集上清液及残渣测定pH、干物质降解率(DMD)、有机物降解率(OMD)、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量,并计算出各指标的单项组合效应指数(SFAEI)和多效组合效应指数(MFAEI)。结果显示:精料+藜麦秸秆+苜蓿干草组合的快速产气部分(a)、48 h产气量(GP48 h)、OMD、NH3-N的平均值大于精料+藜麦秸秆+玉米秸秆组合,精料+藜麦秸秆+苜蓿干草组合单项组合相应指数和多效组合效应指数的平均值大于精料+藜麦秸秆+玉米秸秆组合,精料+藜麦秸秆+苜蓿干草或玉米秸秆的最优组合比例均为40∶20∶40。

酒精、咖啡、绿茶和乳制品的摄入量与前列腺癌的关联:两样本孟德尔随机化研究

目的采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法探究酒精、咖啡、绿茶和乳制品的摄入量与前列腺癌(PCa)发病之间是否存在因果关系,以期帮助明确PCa的发病风险因素,从而帮助寻求PCa的预防途径。方法采用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)收集酒精、咖啡、绿茶、乳制品和PCa的数据,采用两样本孟德尔随机化(2SMR)方法探讨上述饮品摄入量与PCa发病风险的因果关联。逆方差加权法(IVW)是本次孟德尔随机化(MR)分析的主要方法。敏感性分析采用加权中位数、MR-Egger回归、MR多效性残差和离群值(MR-PRESSO)检验。结果咖啡摄入量(OR:0.994,95%CI:0.990~0.999,P=0.014)、绿茶摄入量(OR:0.999,95%CI:0.998~0.999,P=0.036)与PCa发病呈负向因果效应。酒精摄入量(OR:0.997,95%CI:0.990~1.004,P=0.392)和乳制品摄入量(OR:1.025,95%CI:0.983~1.069,P=0.256)与PCa发病风险无因果关联。在加权中位数、MR-Egger回归和留一法分析中,结果均稳健,无异质性和多效性。结论咖啡摄入量和绿茶摄入量与PCa发病存在因果关联,而酒精摄入量与乳制品摄入量和PCa发病则没有因果关联。

新质生产力赋能乡村人居环境现代化治理的机理、机制与策略

随着经济社会的快速发展,新质生产力成为推动乡村人居环境现代化治理的重要动力。对此,深入探讨新质生产力与乡村人居环境现代化治理的关联机理,揭示其内在机制,并提出具体的实施策略。先从理论层面分析新质生产力的内涵及其对乡村发展的推动作用,明确新质生产力与乡村人居环境现代化治理的互动关系。进而通过改善生产模式、优化资源配置、提升生态环境质量等方式,促进乡村人居环境现代化治理的成效。为实现新质生产力赋能乡村人居环境现代化治理的全过程,今后应深化科技创新与应用,改进乡村治理体系,完善激励约束机制,并加强人才支持,以科学指导乡村人居环境现代化治理的理论与实践。

肥胖测量指标在预测代谢相关脂肪性肝病健康风险中的应用价值

目的评估肥胖测量指标对代谢相关脂肪性肝病(Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)健康风险的预测价值。方法选取2023年6月1日-12月31日在新疆医科大学第一附属医院健康管理中心体检的49155例体检者,根据诊断标准,将其分为MAFLD组和非MAFLD组,并计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、内脏脂肪指数(VAI)、脂质蓄积指数(LAP)。BMI分为正常、超重、肥胖组;腰围(WC)分为正常、中心性肥胖前期和中心性肥胖组。采用Logistic回归模型分析性别亚组中肥胖测量指标及生化指标的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各指标对MAFLD的预测价值。结果共检出MAFLD 23765例(48.35%),其中男性18030例(75.87%),女性5735例(24.13%)。同一性别中,MAFLD组除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于非MAFLD组外,其余指标水平均高于非MAFLD组(P均<0.001);校正混杂因素后Logistic模型显示,MAFLD发生风险随BMI、WC、WHR、VAI、LAP水平增高而增高;ROC分析发现,BMI、WHR、VAI和LAP预测不同性别组MAFLD的曲线下面积(AUC)均大于0.7,其中LAP的AUC值最大,且预测女性的AUC值[0.896(0.891~0.900)]大于男性AUC值[0.831(0.826~0.836)],最佳截断值为25.49、39.26(P均<0.05);BMI×LAP联合模型在不同性别中预测价值最高,AUC值分别为男性0.846(0.841~0.850)、女性0.908(0.904~0.913)(P均<0.05)。结论MAFLD发生风险随BMI、WHR、VAI、LAP水平升高而增高,LAP相较于其他指标预测价值更高,尤其在女性中。BMI×LAP可作为不同性别中MAFLD健康风险评估的有力工具。