Factors Affecting the Adoption of Agricultural Mechanization Technologies by Women Farmers in the Karaga District of Ghana

Labour-saving or mechanization technologies have become the driving force behind modern agriculture, yet adoption of these technologies remains low in many parts of the developing world, particularly among female farmers in Ghana. This study aims to investigate the factors that hinder the adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies by female farmers in the Karaga District of the Northern Region of Ghana. This region is known for its large agricultural lands and significant role in commercial farming. The research was conducted using qualitative research methodology and involved interviewing 60 female farmers using an interview guide. The principle of sample saturation was used, meaning that further interviews were deemed unnecessary after the 60th interview. The results showed that low adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies is due to poor access to commercial lands, gender biases, lack of access to credit, and poor awareness about the benefits of these technologies. In conclusion, the low adoption of agricultural mechanization technologies is preventing women farmers in the Karaga District and elsewhere in Ghana from fully participating in commercial agricultural production. It is recommended that gender biases and cultural stereotypes be addressed to improve women farmers’ access to lands and credit, which will facilitate the adoption of mechanization technologies and lead to improved agricultural production.

Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

The Obstacles,Paths and Mechanisms of the Sustainable Development of Farmers' Cooperatives in Hebei Province

Based on the description of the major role played by famers' cooperatives in developing rural economy and in increasing the income of farmers,the obstacles of the sustainable development of famers' cooperatives in Hebei Province are introduced.Firstly,the cooperative mechanism is imperfect;secondly,the development is substandard;thirdly,the coverage of preferential policy is limited;fourthly,the capitals and financing problem are difficult;fifthly,the operation is single;sixthly,the construction of marketing channels is the weak;seventhly,the professional talents are scarce.The sustainable development paths of famers' cooperatives in Heibei Province are analyzed.Firstly,conducting value-added processing and taking the way of materialized development,industrialized operation and enterprise-style management;secondly,implementing agricultural quality and brand strategy and moving into the high level market;thirdly,constructing modern agricultural marketing and taking the road of supermarket agriculture;fourthly,enforcing the management of information and getting efficiency from information;fifthly,developing recycling agriculture and taking the way of improving resource efficiency.There are five ways for establishing the operational mechanism of sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives in Heibei Province.The government should innovate the cooperation mechanism;innovating training and education mechanism;innovating production mechanism;innovating financial mechanism;innovating marketing mechanism.

Recommendations for Optimizing Internal Management Mechanism of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on the survey of 38 farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province,this paper analyzed existing problems in internal management mechanism of cooperatives,including widespread problem of centralized control,imperfect supervision mechanism,lack of effective incentive mechanism,insufficient specialized personnel,and limited participation of cooperative members in management. It elaborated causes for these problems from the perspective of practice. Finally,it came up with recommendations for optimizing farmers' specialized cooperatives: building democratic decision making mechanism with coordination of cooperative members and able personnel,establishing supervision mechanism suitable for self demands,improving internal incentive mechanism,establishing talent introduction and cultivation mechanism in proper time,and strengthening internal member management of cooperatives.

Countermeasures for Establishing a Long-term Security Mechanism for Landless Farmers

In the process of urbanization,farmers will inevitably lose their land,which is resulted from the large-scale requisition of rural collective land.The imperfect social security system in rural areas has resulted in a large number of landless farmers being transformed into urban poor people.Therefore,proper resettlement of landless farmers and the establishment of a long-term security mechanism for ensuring the basic livelihood of landless farmers are important issues that need to be resolved in the process of China’s social and economic development.

Logical Framework,Path Selection and Mechanism Design for Cultivation of New Type Professional Farmers

New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.

Study on Formation Mechanism of Farmer Production Consumption Ecologization——Empirical Analysis Based on TPB Model

Ecological transformation of production consumption is an effective channel of establishing ecological agriculture mechanism. In this paper,based on TPB( Theory of Planed Behavior),using factor analysis and regression analysis,empirical test on formation mechanism of farmer production consumption ecologization behavior transformation is conducted. Research results show that behavior attitude,subjective norm and control cognition of farmer production consumption ecologization have significantly positive influences on behavior response of farmer production consumption ecologization. Among them,power of behavior attitude is farmer's economic rationality and ecological rationality; power of subjective norm is system norm,government guidance and social pressure; power of control cognition is policy judgment and ability perception. Finally,for the analyzed conclusions,policy suggestions are proposed from many aspects,which could provide reference effect for guiding farmer production consumption ecologization and establishing rural eco-civilization.

Realistic Significance and Practical Exploration of Cultivating New Professional Farmers in China

Firstly, the background, ways, countermeasures, problems and realistic significance of cultivating new professional farmers in China were studied, and then the mechanism for cultivating new professional farmers was discussed based on Town S. The results show that cultivating new professional farmers can fundamentally relieve "three rural issues" existing for a long time and is of great significance to rural economic development. For instance, it can integrate rural human capital and release modern productivity, increase farmers' income and improve rural economy, increase land utilization and output per unit area, and break through the bottlenecks during agricultural development to realize agricultural modernization. According to the case study of Town S, during the process of cultivating new professional farmers, governments at all levels ought to adopt many effective measures and strengthen support to realize cultivation targets planed early.

Problems in Development of Micro-credit Loans to Farmers in China and Countermeasures

There are problems of inadequate natural endowment and weak stamina in the development of micro-credit loans to farmers in China. Specifically,existing problems include narrow profit space,serious non-agricultural trend of funds,high dependence on government support,short life cycle,and constantly increasing operating risks. These problems are related to endogenous drawback in design,defect in operating procedure,lagging in relevant policies and measures,and vacancy in risk compensation mechanism.

Contradiction between the Modernization of Agriculture and the Protection of the Interests of Farmers

Main modes of agricultural modernization in developed countries are summarized,as well as their impact on the interests of farmers. Among them,the America,Canada,Australia and other sparsely-populated countries adopt the labor force saving model based on large-scale mechanization during agricultural mechanization. Japan and other countries with many people and little land adopt the land saving model with high technology. And the Western European Countries use the intermediate model to exert the function of mechanization and technology. Interests security of farmers in rural land circulation is discussed,such as the unreasonable allocation of circulation rights,changing the land property and land use without authorization;undermining the long-term interests of farmers,and the unsolved social security problem of farmers. Interest guarantee of farmers during the process of agricultural industrialization is analyzed,pointing out that big household or leading enterprise usually occupies a favorable position in the cooperative. They use their advantages in share and management to raven the operation achievement of peasant households and to transfer risks. Due to the information asymmetry,farmers are at a weak position in the cooperation with leading enterprise. Interests protection of farmers in scale management is put forward,such as strengthening the subsidies for farmers,implementing a moderate scale management suitable for the situation of China,and establishing a fair and reasonable benefit affiliating mechanism among peasant household,cooperative and leading enterprise.

县域富民产业促进农民共同富裕:作用机理、现实困境与策略选择

实现全体人民共同富裕的难点在农村。县域一头连着乡村,一头连着城镇,发展县域富民产业是促进农民共同富裕的现实选择。县域富民产业是能在长期内显著促进农民收入增长、改善城乡居民收入分配状况的现代化产业集群,其在空间维度、组织维度和价值维度上具有独特的内涵特征。县域富民产业在产业发展端通过凝聚竞争优势提高产业效益;在农民参与端通过带动农民发展生产、实现农民就近就业和共享资产收益,促进农民共同富裕。实践中,发展县域富民产业仍然面临产业集群培育不足、辐射带动效应不强,产业同质化突出、结构不优,产业生产经营主体能力不足,产业联农带农机制不健全等困境。加快培育县域富民产业、有效促进农民共同富裕,应依托特色资源培育特色产业集群、优化产业布局、调整产业结构、提升生产经营主体产业支撑能力、持续完善产业利益联结机制。

农户电商创业行为研究:文献回顾与进路展望

从制度情景、市场驱动、个体选择方面探析农户电商创业行为发生机理。对电商创业减贫效应与不同电商农户创业行为的异质性进行阐释,指出空间资源异质性以及知识异质性造成农户创业的差异。从体制机制、组织形式、风险感知等维度评析低度嵌入互联网的农户电商发展问题,并从个体、市场与社会因素剖析电商创业行为发展影响因素。指出农户电商创业行为研究需要在可持续性上不断深化,拓展研究视角、创新研究方法、深化机制研究,接续推进农户电商创业可持续发展关键在于建立良性的政策传导机制、有效的资源链接机制、联动的多元参与机制,健康的价值引导机制。

新型农业经营主体促进山区小农户机械化的“滴涓效应”研究——以云南山区为例

本文旨在研究促进山区小农户与现代农业衔接的路径和机理。通过对云南省山区小农户的调查数据,采用回归和调节模型进行实证分析,验证促进山区小农户机械化水平的外部和内部路径以及相关机理的有效性,并探讨新型农业主体对山区小农户机械化水平影响的“涓滴效应”。研究结果表明,山区小农户的机械化水平主要受其社会和自然资源的影响以及内部互助行为的作用。新型农业经营主体在提升山区小农户整体机械化水平方面并不显著,但在提升部分山区小农户的机械化水平方面具有显著作用。农业企业的带动效应对于提升“非合作社社员”和“未获得免费培训”的山区小农户机械化水平起到明显的促进作用。而农民合作社仅在提升合作社社员的机械化水平方面发挥显著作用。因此,建议加大山地农业机械的研发投入,增强新型农业经营主体在提升小农户整体现代农业水平方面的作用,以促进小农户与现代农业的有机衔接。

海南省新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制:国内外经验与启示

以家庭农场、专业合作社、龙头企业等为代表的新型农业经营主体与农户的紧密利益联结,能有效提高农民的组织化程度,促进农业现代化发展。本研究通过文献梳理和调研访谈,总结分析了美国和日本以农业合作社和农业协会为代表的农业经营组织与农户之间的利益联结模式和机制,以及国内合作社和家庭农场等农业经营主体与农户之间的利益联结及其典型模式。基于此,创新海南省的新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制,各级主管部门应加大对新型农业经营主体的政策扶持力度,健全海南的农村社会化服务体系和利益联结方式,促进新型农业经营主体和基层农户的增效增收以及可持续发展。

粮食安全视角下健全种粮农民收益保障机制研究

粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础,解决好粮食安全问题是建设社会主义现代化强国的必然要求。健全种粮农民收益保障机制,保障种粮农民根本收益是解决粮食安全问题的关键一环。从种粮农民收益保障的中国特色与时代背景出发,着重分析政府层面、市场层面以及农民层面在构建种粮农民收益保障机制中的内在逻辑,据此提出实现路径,健全和完善种粮农民收益保障机制,保障我国口粮绝对安全。

共同富裕目标下农民创业生态系统理论框架构建

以“扎实推动共同富裕”为时代背景,从创业生态系统视角出发,以农民为主体,以农民创业生态系统为研究对象,遵循“共同富裕目标下农民创业系统概念模型构建——共同富裕目标下农民创业系统生成机制”的分析框架,构建共同富裕目标下农民创业生态系统理论模型。研究发现,共同富裕目标下农民创业生态系统是由核心主体、辅助主体、支持主体及乡村创业环境共同构成,主体与主体、主体与环境相互作用、协同发展,以政府引导机制、创业动力机制、资源整合机制、共生协同机制、平衡协调机制为生成机制,致力于促进乡村产业兴旺、缩小农村内部收入差距,促进乡村共同富裕的动态平衡系统。

小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑

基于可持续生计理论,从联结导向和治理机制两个维度出发,构建不同联结导向及其差异化治理机制的分析框架,探究小农户联结新型农业经营主体的实践逻辑。研究揭示了4种不同的联结类型及其治理机制:类型A(能力导向型联结-市场治理机制)强调市场机制在提升小农户生计能力中的作用;类型B(能力导向型联结-行政治理机制)通过政策扶持和环境优化提升小农户生计能力;类型C(权利导向型联结-市场治理机制)侧重于市场化方式激活农地“三权分置”改革红利,保障小农户生计权利;类型D(权利导向型联结-行政治理机制)则采用行政主导方式强化小农户生计权利保障。同时,小农户联结新型农业经营主体应以巩固拓展农地“三权分置”改革成效为契机,发挥“有效市场”和“有为政府”在联结过程中的作用,优化合作经营与可持续生计的协同制度体系。但是,小农户联结新型农业经营主体过程中,必须有效防范因生计能力不足和生计权利缺失导致的经营效能低下及其衍生风险。

乡村振兴战略背景下高素质农民培育成效及提升策略探究

党的十九大报告指出,实施乡村振兴战略。农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题,必须始终把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。该文针对高素质农民培育成效展开调研,分析高素质农民培育对乡村振兴的推动作用,探究高素质农民培育的形式及成效,并就影响培育成效的关键因素进行分析,提出优化培育内容、完善培育机制、引导社会参与等八方面提升策略。

构建开放性高素质农民培训市场的思考与探索

高素质农民培训是提升农业现代化的重要途径,具有培训面广量大、农民教育培训需求差异大、培训目标多样化和政府主导等特点。传统培训模式面临诸多问题,包括供给与需求脱节、培训内容方式单一、农民参培意愿弱、有效培训资源不足等。分析表明,导致这些问题的深层次原因在于目前高素质农民培训市场具有封闭性,市场竞争机制和激励机制无法发挥作用。该文强调市场机制在解决这些问题中的作用,探讨引入市场机制以解决高素质农民培训中存在的问题,主要措施包括制定培训标准和规范、建立合作机制、鼓励社会力量参与和引入培训券机制等。

农村人居环境整治农民付费制度研究——以河南省为例

建设和运营资金保障不充分是影响农村人居环境整治效果的重要因素。农民作为农村人居环境整治的主要参与者和直接受益人,在农村人居环境整治中处于主体地位。探索农民付费制度是破解农村人居环境整治资金投入不足难题、健全长效管护机制的重要途径。本研究以河南省为例,基于典型案例调研和农户问卷调查,以农村改厕、农村污水处理、农村垃圾处理三大领域为重点,深入研究农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的可行性、实现方式及效果,系统总结农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的经验与问题,为完善农村人居环境整治农民付费制度、健全农村人居环境整治可持续性长效投入机制提供针对性建议。