Analysis of Hidden Danger in Farmer's Rights and Interests during Farmland Transfer——An Evaluation of Rights Safeguarding Effect of Farmland Transfer Contract

Taking Shuangliu County,Chengdu City,China as an example,evaluation index system for the rights protection effects of farmland transfer is established contract from three aspects of basic information,transfer agreement and legal safeguards in the contracts.According to the investigation data,weight of evaluation index is determined by both entropy weight and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract in the flat dam,high hill and low hill in Shuangliu County,Chengdu,China.Result shows that the transfer agreement of farmland and the basic information of contract greatly affect the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.There are differences in the five indices of the information of the signature of contract,pricing for payment,time limit for farmland transfer,transfer mode of farmland,and use range of farmland transfer.During the farmland transfer in reality,there are three hidden dangers in farmer's land rights and interests,which are the ill-formed transfer behavior,the relatively low income of farmers from farmland transfer,and the quality decline of farmland and difficult full reclamation in transfer period.Based on the evaluation result and investigation data,countermeasures are put forward to improve the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.

Land system reform should protect farmers' interests

|Editorial Note|Land has become an issue of increasing social concern as demand continues to surge in the midst of economic development,urbanization and industrialization.The crux of the issue is the land regime. China has a unique dualistic land regime under which the land market has not been well developed.Based on a review and commentary of the existing land polices,this article elaborates on the deficiencies inherent in China’s dualistic land rights system and land market and offers policy recommendations for promoting land system reform and market development.This study will help us gain an in-depth understanding of the problems in China’s land regime.

The Plights and Solutions of the Farmers' Land Rights Protection

The current plights of farmers' land rights in China are analyzed.They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers' land rights,vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land,incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers.The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers' land rights are put forward,in the first place,perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers' land rights.In the second place,scientifically installing the rural land rights,which covers the following aspects,such as,clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law;clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights;demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation.In the third place,villagers' autonomy should be perfected.In the forth place,standardizing the system of land expropriation,which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax,and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure.In the fifth place,strengthening land transference and judiciary,and enforcing supervision;in the sixth place,accelerating the development of peasants' cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants' rights keeping organization.Through the discussion on the plights and solutions of farmers' land rights protection,the coordination of rural and urban development will be realized and a harmonious society will be built.

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Analysis on Farmers' Land Right Protection

Land is the fundamental income sources of farmers. However, farmers stay at disadvantaged statge in the political, economic and social aspects. Their land is exploited and occupied, which facilitates the rapid development of economy, as well as brings the gap between the poor and the rich and the inharmonious disputes. The necessity for protecting the land right of farmers under the new situation is expounded, covering the necessity of carrying out the relevant agricultural policies; the necessity of improving rural economic status and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas; the necessity of reducing land disputes and constructing harmonious society. The violation of farmers' land rights is analyzed from two aspects. The first one is the violation of farmers' land right in land tenure section, which includes the lack of ecological compensation system the lack of contract operation right; the second one is the violation of farmers' land right in land transfer section, including the absence of land requisition system, substandard land contract and land transfer and the limitation of house stead circulation; the third one is the vacant of land development right affects farmers' share of enjoying the added value of land. The countermeasures for protecting farmers' land rights are put forward. The first one is clarify land property; the second one is normalize and perfect land requisition system; the third one is appropriately loosen rural land transfer policies; the fourth one is establish ecological compensation and land development right compensation system.

Reform of Agricultural Land Transfer of Different Types of Farmers' Willingness

Since forty years of reform and opening up,China's rural landscape has undergone tremendous changes,and agricultural production manner is obviously improved,while farmers' living level is rose significantly.Rural land contracting and management right system plays a vital role in promoting rural economic and social development in China.In this paper,farmers under the background of the transfer of rural land contracting and management right are taken as research objects,and the difference of different types of farmers under the willingness of land transfer is analyzed.Finally,corresponding reform assumptions are proposed for transfer willingness of different types of farmers.

Study on Circulation and Management of Rural Land Use Right

Currently,agriculture and rural economy have entered a new development stage. According to market demands and comparative advantages of regional resources,strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and realizing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture have become primary tasks. Land is the essential element of agricultural production,making innovation upon rural land use system and establishing flexible and effective land circulation system concern efficiency and optimization of agricultural resource allocation and development of rural element market. With more and more farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries,land left by those farmers is circulated to those farmers willing to do farming. Rural land circulation is inevitable trend of economic and social development,but it is a progressive process. To realize smooth rural land circulation,there must be standardized system.

土地流转过程中农民权益保护研究

以土地承包经营权流转过程中农民权益保护为视角,从土地流转过程中农民主体地位、农民意愿的表达、流转收益分配、农民经济利益和生活环境情况等方面展开分析。从权利理论视角对土地流转过程中农民权益保护情况进行探讨,基于理论和实证的研究,从健全农村土地管理法规体系、完善农村土地产权制度、以市场机制为导向创新土地流转机制、大力发展农村土地流转服务、协调流转和耕地保护的关系、构建农村社会保障体系等方面提出完善建议,对深化农村土地制度改革、促进统筹城乡发展具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

论进城落户农民承包地权益的法治保障

在统筹新型城镇化和乡村振兴、推动城乡融合及共同富裕的时代背景下,保障进城落户农民承包地权益是涉农改革的关键。集体成员身份的保留,是阐释进城落户农民承包地权益保障正当依据和法律边界的前提。当前,进城落户农民承包地权益保障面临权益冲突及身份认定、承包地财产权实现、承包地权益救济三大法治挑战。为此,应健全进城落户农民成员身份的认定与权益冲突的协调规则,兼顾进城落户农民承包地财产权益与保障功能的充分实现,构建以诉讼救济为兜底的多元救济机制。

中国农业土地经营模式探索与创新:利益联结与金融支持——基于四川实践的分析

党的二十大报告首次提出加快建设农业强国战略,强调要发展农业适度规模经营。土地经营规模化是推动农业适度规模经营的重要途径,但涉及农户、村社集体、社会化组织、农业企业等多类利益主体,其利益联结机制的有效性和稳定性成为农业规模经营可持续的关键,并对金融活动产生显著影响。本文对我国主要土地规模经营模式及其利益联结机制进行比较研究,结合四川实践深入分析了金融在土地规模经营利益联结关系中的角色作用,并在借鉴国际经验的基础上提出相关政策建议。

农户承包地“小田并大田”改革中的法律风险及其应对

“小田并大田”是针对现实中承包地细碎化问题而实施的改革措施,对于优化土地资源配置、提高耕地利用效率和保障农户承包经营权益意义颇大。但“小田并大田”改革也面临着土地权属、流转合同、流转收益分配等方面的法律风险。为确保“小田并大田”改革在法治轨道内进行,并最大程度化解法律风险,应着重从法治底线和疏解路径两个层面采取应对措施。一方面,应当坚持农村土地集体所有、农村基本经营制度、保障集体成员权益的基本法治底线;另一方面,应当发挥农村集体经济组织“统”的功能,保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变,依法规范土地经营权流转行为,确保集体成员公正合理地分配集体收益并构建多元化的承包地纠纷解决机制。

重构城市更新利益博弈机制——一个土地发展权“产权差”的新视角

因土地发展权配置而产生的土地增值收益,是城市更新中政府、社会、市场多主体复杂利益博弈的核心。土地发展权配置存在着法律上的“名义赋予”和现实中的“实际行使”两大过程,且“名义与实际”之间普遍存在差异。本文将土地发展权的“名与实之差”定义为“产权差”,以控制权为理论视角,提出了影响土地发展权配置的三大控制权——政策制定权、博弈表决权和监督审批权,并以深圳湖贝片区更新改造为例,详细论述了多元主体利用三大控制权对土地发展权产权差进行争夺博弈的过程。从中发现,土地发展权的产权差争夺是城市更新利益博弈的关键,产权差大小伴随着控制权的强弱行使呈现出“抑制—释放—扩增—弥合”的演变特征,可以用来表征利益博弈的复杂激烈程度。产权差博弈为城市更新中的政策优化和空间治理能力提升提供了一种全新的视角。

闲置与废弃铁路再利用方案研究

随着交通强国战略稳步实施,铁路网络建设不断完善,部分建成年代早、技术标准低的既有铁路被高标准铁路替代,失去了原有的铁路运输功能,线路、场站等设备设施逐渐被闲置或废弃。为充分利用闲置与废弃铁路资源,提高社会经济效益,以闲置(大部分废弃)的老娄邵线为例,通过调查线路现状、研究区域铁路网络最新规划、综合考虑地方政府与企业诉求、参考国内类似项目研究成果,提出6种再利用方案。研究结论为:结合区域铁路网络规划,经过升级改造,闲置线路可恢复其原有运输功能;基于主城区与卫星城间的客运需求,可利用闲置线路剩余能力开行市域(郊)列车;根据企业生产运输需求,可将废弃线路改造为企业专用线;考虑城市规划建设需要,城区段废弃线路(通道)可改造为城市公共交通通廊;城市(郊)废弃的线路,秉承铁路原有的建筑风格,可打造铁路文化公园;乡村废弃线路,可利用既有的路基、桥隧、场站等改造为乡村道路及农村居民点,推进新农村建设,其余零星土地可改造为农业用地。

土地承包权退出背景下农民市民化问题与策略

引导农民退出土地承包权,加快土地流转速度是实现我国农村土地集约化和农业机械化的关键,农民只有完成市民化才能摆脱“半工半农”身份,安心退出土地承包权。目前,我国农民市民化过程中还存在农民职业继续教育不足、城市户籍准入条件限制、农民自身市民意识不足、职业技能薄弱等问题,阻碍着农民市民化。应对上述问题,应当降低城市户籍准入条件、改进农民职业继续教育、培养社区参与意识、加强农民职业技能培训。

“确权确股不确地”的农地流转何以成功——来自Y村的案例分析与发现

在发展现代化农业的背景下,探究“确权确股不确地”的农地流转制度能够成功运行的机制对推动农村土地改革具有重要借鉴价值。通过构建“效率-公平”不可分的理论分析框架,对安徽省阜南县Y村近年来的土地改革情况进行分析。结果显示,农户因年龄和就业能力存在异质性而产生了分化,主要表现为在农村形成了“老年人留村务农、中青年进城务工”的社会功能结构和“男主外、女主内”的社会成员地位结构;社会结构变迁和新型农业经营主体介入会促进农地流转;“确权确股不确地”土地制度主要是通过效率层面的租金显化与农民增收和农业转型,公平层面的公平感知、机会公平和结果公平来推动农地流转。

“权释”资本下乡:理论逻辑与案例证据

本文从制度经济学视角对农村土地产权进行界定,试图构建资本下乡的产权理论分析框架,在此框架下分析资本下乡面临的土地产权难明晰与土地收益权难分配两大问题,推演了解决“两难”的假说,以武汉市黄陂区杜堂村资本下乡的土地产权分配实践为例验证了理论假说,并总结了解决两难、实现“多赢”的对策建议。

城市更新理念、制度与规划转型辨析——以上海市为例

城市更新的转型涉及理念转型、制度转型和规划转型3个层面。在更新概念和价值取向变化趋势下,城市更新理念随之发生转变,当前上海市城市更新存在增长主义、空间品质、多元治理并存的更新思路。城市发展方式的改变推进着更新制度的转型,基于经济、社会、体制等维度解析更新制度内涵,探讨上海在法规体系、管理体系、实施体系等方面的更新制度转型。在城市更新的规划转型方面,随着规划实施模式不断丰富,包括“公有”模式、“共享”模式和“社区赋能”模式等,上海在规划体系、方案编制、实施机制等方面也进行了诸多探索。最后,提出未来上海城市更新还应关注多方利益协商,并对更新理念、更新方式、更新方案、政策供给、治理机制等内容提出相关思考和建议。

深圳市城市更新开发权外部移交机制探索

为加强城市更新对于公共利益项目实施的促进作用,深圳市进行了以城市更新项目捆绑外部移交用地并进行开发权转移的机制探索,最终形成《深圳市城市更新外部移交公共设施用地实施管理规定》,基于该文件,阐释开发权外部移交机制的相关概念、建立的基本思路以及具体方案的形成过程,并以深圳市宝安区松岗街道松岗第二工业区城市更新单元及其外部移交用地为例,探讨开发权外部移交机制的实践应用。