Impact of eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests on the incomes of farmers

The strategy of rural revitalization puts ecology and economic development at the same level,in order to explore whether the eco-efficiency compensation policy for public welfare forests can achieve a“win-win”for both ecology and people livelihood.This study probed into the consideration of income structure and used OLS analysis to conduct an empirical analysis on a sample of 443 households in Shaanxi Province.It was found that the eco-efficiency compensation for public welfare forests had not only a significantly positive effect on the forestry income and the total income of farm households,but also had a constructive influence on the non-forestry income,though smaller and less significant,which was closely attributed to the original income structures of these farm households.In addition,personal and household characteristics such as age,educational level and labor force size played decisive roles to nonforestry income and total income of farm households as well.

Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers:exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.

Value Assessment of Ecosystem Service Function of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Wenchang City

Based on the measurement parameters and index in the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008),the value of ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Wenchang City was evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the total value of ecosystem service function of ecological public welfare forests in Wenchang City is about 4.020 billion yuan,of which storage capacity,water purification,soil fixation,fertilizer(N,P and K fertilizer) conservation,carbon sequestration,oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,providing anion,absorbing SO_2,absorbing fluoride,absorbing NxO,absorbing soil heavy metals,dust retention,noise reduction,sterilization,forest protection,forest biodiversity protection,and forest recreation(ecological tourism) are about 1.510 billion,582.256 million,3.769 million,268.220 million,116.360 million,2.747 million,22.682 million,42.817 million,1.722 million,74,600,131,900,187.918 million,77.409 million,28.721 million,43.090 million,180.696 million,571.036 million,and 108.677 million yuan

Social Marketing:An Advocacy Empirical Analysis of Service Objects of Public Welfare Organizations

The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change the behavior,attitude,concept,and so on of target audiences.For the public welfare organization,the basis of its service project design is the organization's mission and location.The key to achieve the organizational mission is to be able to lock the service objects and respond to the needs of service objects effectively.This research is based on the theoretical framework of social marketing and based on the questionnaire survey and analysis of the advocacy effectiveness and problems of service objects of the 327 public service organizations in China.Using the Delphi method and the entropy method,the 6P model of social marketing for service objects advocacy in the field of domestic public welfare practice is concise,and a new operational mechanism for service objects advocacy of public welfare organizations is proposed to implement the mission and value of public welfare organizations and contribute to the change of service objects.

Recommendations for Construction and Management of Ecological Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

This paper firstly evaluated ecological service functions of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province. Then,it introduced value structure and existing problems of ecological service functions. Focusing on optimization and adjustment of scale and distribution of ecological public welfare forest,it came up with recommendations for construction and management of ecological public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

Construction and Management of Public Welfare Forest in Hainan Province

Through investigating ecological service functions of public welfare forest in Hainan Province, this paper explored type constitution and problems of its ecological service functional value, optimization of its scale and layout, promoted effective protection and benign development, and proposed strategies for the construction and management of public welfare forest in Hainan Province.

Study on the Influence of Farmer Social Capital on Cooperative Supply Willingness of Agricultural Disaster Reduction Public Goods——Based on the Investigation on 515 Farmers

Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.

Study on Farmers' Satisfaction with the Supply of Public Goods for Disaster Reduction in Agriculture——Based on the Survey Data of Farmers in Two Counties and One District of Hubei Province

According to actual features of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture,an evaluation indicator system of farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture composed of five first-grade indicators containing 18 second-grade indicators was established firstly,and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of farmers' satisfaction was set up. Finally,farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture in two counties and one district of Hubei Province was evaluated by the model. The results show that farmers are satisfied with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture on the whole,but farmers' satisfaction with openness about funds for disaster reduction,supply structure of public goods,work attitude and work efficiency is at a general level. Some suggestions about the four aspects were proposed,such as improving supervisory mechanisms to increase funding transparency,making information channels unblocked to improve the supply efficiency of public goods for disaster reduction,and improving the quality of government workers to increase their work efficiency.

Analysis of the reasons for the bottleneck of public hospitals＇ return to public welfare

At the present stage, the public hospital has not stopped the pace of reform , although they are starting from the interests of the people, but also made some achievements, but there are still many problems in the process of reform. Especially many scholars including the national government for public hospitals return to public welfare, bat in actual operation there are many are contrary to the nature of public welfare, there is an inherent logic contradiction between theory and practice, the public hospital is difficult to return to public welfare. The path of public welfare regression of public hospitals by the layers of obstacles, this article through the literature study, on-the-spot investigation, interview method to study the fundamental crux of the problem, combined with other path synthesis Research has laid a good theoretical foundation for public hospitals to return to public welfare as soon as possible

Under the perspective based on ＂collective action system＂ of public hospital reform return to public welfare standard

In recent years, with this social problem of＂Medical treatment is difficult and expensive＂ has not been effectively addressed, ＂Doctor-patient conflicts＂ phenomenon emerge in endlessly, medical costs increase every year, the city public hospital reform continues to be the focus of attention of government and society In this paper, the theory of governance of public ponds of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson＇s theory of logic of collective action as the theoretical basis of this study, Through the entire medical stakeholders together to form a medical community, the formation of multiple, independent management of public hospitals and the whole public health care system.

Changes in the Supply of Public Intermediate Goods,Fixed Wage,and the Relative Price in the Harris-Todaro Model

Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public intermediate goods provided by the government,the increase in the fixed wage rate in the urban sector,and the changes in the relative international prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods on labor employment,unemployment,and the economic welfare in the context of a small open economy.It also proposes relevant policies to reduce the unemployment rate while improving national welfare.

Public Welfare Crowdfunding in the Context of the ＂Charity Law＂

The formulation and promulgation of the ＂Charity Law＂ provides the legal basis for various forms of charitable activities, and also makes more and more commonweal activities go forward.And It also provides legal guidelines and direction for the increasingly active but ＂mixed＂ Internet public crowdfunding, and ensures smooth operation. Although the ＂Charity Law＂ still lacks certain aspects of public crowdfunding, it still outweighs its disadvantages and is Respected. Based on the relevant articles of the ＂Charity Law＂, this article elaborates on the ＂Charity Law＂ brought to public welfare crowdfunding from the main bodies of fund-raising, the flow of charity, charity donation and personal assistance.

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

《学前教育法(草案)》中的若干法律问题

《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》现已提请审议,学前教育领域的专门法律即将出台。此次立法完善应当把握好学前教育普惠、公益的总体方向,进一步考虑学前教育的法律定位、《中华人民共和国学前教育法》的调整范围、学前教育机构的规划与举办、学前教育机构的财政保障、学前教育机构的管理体制以及教职工队伍建设等若干法律问题。通过对以上法律问题的思考,提出了对法律条文的具体修改建议,确保即将出台的《中华人民共和国学前教育法》既符合时代要求,又贴近现实需要,保障学前教育的法治化和规范化发展。

社区基金会多样态发展成因及其优势比较

当前,我国社区基金会发展日渐呈现出企业发起型、政府发起型、社会组织发起型、居民发起型和混合发起型等多样态实践,虽其整体上有共性特征,但在实践中每一类型社区基金会甚至每一个社区基金会均有其特色。从合法性获取差异、核心利益相关方构成以及发展策略差异等角度入手,有利于厘清和把握不同类型社区基金会在基层治理新格局中功能发挥的异同之处。为了在实践中科学指导不同类型社区基金会实现差异化发展,使其更好地在多主体共建共治共享的基层治理新格局中充分发挥自身优势作用,需要在深入分析不同类型社区基金会内在行动逻辑的基础上,精准理解其组织运行逻辑以及制度蕴含。

重述“技术公益主义”:人工智能立法的一般理论与实践

随着人工智能技术的不断发展,具有人文价值精神的“技术公益主义”理论正在全方位地渗透到人工智能立法之中。该理论既是对“技术中立论”“技术决定论”的批判,又推动了人工智能立法由“公众权益保障”框架向“公共风险规制”框架的转型。这种转型在欧盟、中国以及美国立法上展现出不同的形态:欧盟人工智能立法对“技术公益主义”理论采取了“半开放性”修正;中国以地方立法试验为主,并展现出强烈的包容性“技术公益主义”倾向;美国则更加注重“技术公益主义”的软法之治。然而,上述实践也表明,当前人工智能立法中“技术公益主义”忽视了市场驱动力(私利)保护,导致了权利义务责任的配置失衡,进而影响了人工智能立法的适用范围。综合上述理论发展与实践探索,“技术公益主义”的理论发展应当更加注重技术价值与法律价值的相互构建、技术公益与责任公益的紧密衔接、立法与软法的协同推进,从而进一步为全人类的可持续发展凝聚出人工智能立法共识。

农业生产托管对小麦种植户福利效应的实证分析

【目的】分析河南省小麦种植户的农业生产托管行为对农户家庭人均收入的影响,验证农业生产托管对农户的福利效应。【方法】在理论分析农业生产托管对农户福利效应影响的基础上,基于河南省918个小麦种植户调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配法实证分析了农业生产托管行为对农户的福利效应,并用农户受教育程度和经营规模两个特征变量对农户福利效应进行了分组分析。【结果】农业生产托管对农户福利效应具有显著的促进作用,但在不同群体间存在差异,受教育程度越高、生产规模越小的农户,其农业生产托管的福利效应水平越高。进一步分析影响农户选择农业生产托管驱动因素发现,家庭非农就业人口数量对农户农业生产托管选择有显著正向影响,家庭农业机械价值、地块数量和农户距中心城区距离对其选择农业生产托管有显著负向影响。【结论】为促进农户福利水平的提升,应当大力发展农业生产托管服务,多种渠道引导农户外出务工就业,适当调整当前农机补贴政策,采取适当方式开展地块整理合并。

青年微公益组织志愿失灵及行为匡正

发展公益慈善事业是社会文明进步的重要标志,随着互联网、新媒体等技术的发展,微公益以其大众化、常态化、便捷化的特点已经成为公益领域和社会治理的新兴力量。受组织认同的“精神缺失”、组织制度的“职能缺位”、组织管理的“过程低效”、组织环境的“容量不足”等因素影响,青年微公益组织在实际运行中出现了组织决策的“专断与迷茫”、组织受众的“选择性偏好”、组织资源的“匮乏性供给”、组织运行的“非专业支持”等“志愿失灵”表现,应通过重塑组织架构、再造组织流程、增强组织支持、培育组织文化等路径匡正微公益志愿组织行为。

社会保障的与时俱进:理念、范式和政策工具

在更高的发展阶段上,面对科技创新和制度创新的新环境,中国社会保障制度面临的挑战和应有的出路可以概括如下。首先,传统的受益人识别机制越来越难以为继,这种识别的必要性也日益降低,要求制度体系转向更加普惠和普世。其次,尽力而为和量力而行原则既体现统一性,也体现动态性,两者并非匀质和静止的关系。在中国所处发展阶段上,政府社会性支出的增长应该速度更快、幅度更大。再次,顺应公共品边界随着人均收入提高而扩展的一般规律,以全体居民全生命周期为对象的基本公共服务供给体系的完善,要求对现有社会保险、社会救助和社会福利服务等各项制度进行整合。最后,在改变理念和范式的前提下,中国式福利国家建设需要通过改革清除制度性障碍。

乡村振兴中国家与农民关系的社会化调适

乡村振兴战略实施中的政策实践,指向了社会学持续关注的国家与农民关系问题。公共资源下乡中国家与农民之间的互动不仅在器物和组织两个层面展开,还集中体现在价值层面。在乡村振兴的积极案例中,国家与农民关系的新形态表现为器物层面上国家资源与社会需求的有效对接,组织层面上社会动员能力的提升,价值层面上农民国家认同感的强化。国家输入的公共资源只有以高度社会化的方式与农民互动时,农民才可能按照特定的行动逻辑将“国家”内化于心,国家权力才算实现了社会合法性的确认和再生产。为了实现国家与农民关系的社会化调适,社会治理公共性的建设不应停留于权力运作的策略层面。国家应充分发掘、激活蕴藏于乡村社会中的本土资源,将自上而下输入的公共资源转化为推动乡村社会开展自主建设的内生要素。如此,公共资源的下乡才能在推动乡村振兴的过程中,促成国家濡化能力在基层的再造,实现现代国家在社会中的扎根和成长。