Researching the Impact of the Quality of Village Governance on Farmers’Well-Being:From the Perspectives of Income and Occupational Differentiation

The goal of village governance is to improve the well-being of farmers,so this study aims to measure the impact the quality of village governance on the well-being of farmers.It also examines the heterogeneity of this impact across different farmer groups from the perspectives of income levels and occupational differentiation.To this end,this study developed an indicator system based on survey data collected from 1,442 farmers in the Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu provinces,as well as the Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Multiple linear regression models were then used to analyze this data,and the findings revealed that improvements in the quality of village governance significantly increased the well-being of farmers.Specifically,primary-level empowerment and capacity building were shown to contribute the most to the enhancement of the farmers’well-being,followed by social inclusion,and social cohesion was found to have only a minimal effect.In terms of income levels,improving the quality of village governance benefited middle-income farmers the most,followed by low-income farmers,and it had the least effect on high-income farmers.In terms of occupations,full-time farmers gained the most from improvements in the quality of village governance,followed by off-farm farmers,with part-time farmers benefiting the least.Based on these findings,this study suggests that policymakers should improve the quality of village governance to enhance the well-being of farmers,focusing on the impact that level of income and occupational differentiation have on village governance.

Evaluation Model for Scientific Quality Based on Rough Sets and Its Empirical Study

By analyzing the questionnaires recollected from 74 different government departments in Chengdu, China, an evaluation model for scientific quality of civil servants was developed with the rough set theory. In the empirical study, a series of important rules were given to help to check and forecast the degree of the scientific quality of civil servants by using the reduction algorithm, and the total accuracy of prediction was 93.2%.

The Impact of Quality of Labor on Farmers' Agricultural Production Benefits:A Case Study of Anyang City

In recent years,the Central Document No.1 has been all about the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,and especially the Central Document No.1 in 2013 highlighted the improvement of quality of the rural labor force to develop modern agriculture.The quality of labor is related to the improvement of production efficiency,and farmers' agricultural production benefits are related to the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,ultimately affecting the development process of modern agriculture.On the theoretical basis of human capital,this article carries out empirical analysis,calculates the farmers' agricultural production benefits,and analyzes the specific impact of quality of labor on farmers' agricultural production benefits.Finally,some recommendations are put forth to increase farmers' income.

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

Correlation between Employment Quality and Skill Training of Land-expropriated Farmers

Based on field survey,an empirical analysis was made on the correlation between employment quality and skill training of landexpropriated farmers. The analysis indicated that there are differences in employment opportunity,employment sector,employment ability,wage income and employment stability between land-expropriated farmers. Besides,though skill training,it is feasible to effectively improve employment quality of land-expropriated farmers. The skill training exerts a significant effect on employment and urban adaptation of land-expropriated farmers. The mode of skill training promoting employment quality was proposed. Skill training can raise human resource level of land-expropriated farmers,and increase their labor and employment skills,to help them realize regular employment and smoothly become citizens. For fund sources for skill training,government and land expropriation unit should bring into play active role. And skill training should be undertaken under the guidance of government and support of land expropriation unit.

Advantages,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Guaranteeing the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Food safety concerns the health of consumers,while quality and safety of agricultural products are the source of food safety,and it is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.The decentralized production mode of Chinese farmers is the main threat to the source of food production safety in China.In this paper,the advantages of Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives in controlling quality of agricultural products and difficulties in the quality and safety assurance of agricultural products are analyzed.Finally,the guaranteeing measures of the quality and safety of agricultural products by Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives are proposed.

Evaluation of Farmers' Working Quality in Jilin Province on the Basis of AHP

In terms of the working quality of agricultural production and the working quality of non-agricultural production, the evaluation index system of the working quality of farmers is established. By using integrated fuzzy method based on AHP, we determine the weight of each index, and establish membership matrix of this evaluation index system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, we select developed regions, underdeveloped regions and comparatively developed regions respectively to conduct survey. By using the data from survey, according to the established evaluation index system, we conduct empirical analysis of the working quality of farmers. The results show that the working quality of farmers in the developed regions is relatively high, the working quality of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is ordinary, and the working quality of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is relatively low; the physical quality, educational quality and technological quality of farmers in the developed regions are high; the operation quality of agricultural production of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is high; the operation quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is high; the working quality of agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions is higher than the working quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions; the working quality of non-agricultural industries of farmers in the developed regions is higher than the working quality of agricultural production. The urgent priority of constructing new village is to coordinate urban-rural development, and to offer preferential policies and capital for the villages with backward economic development level.

Bottleneck of Farmers' Quality in New Socialist Countryside Construction and Countermeasures

We analyzed problems of farmers' quality in the new socialist countryside construction,including low educational level,poor specialized skills,and low ideological and ethical quality.These problems become bottleneck of the socialist countryside construction.In view of these problems,we put forward following countermeasures:speeding up urbanization development,consolidating rural basic education,strengthening rural vocational education,and developing new approaches to improve farmers' ideological and ethical quality.

Analysis on the Guarantee for the Quality Safety of Agricultural Products by the Farmer Professional Cooperative

Decentralized production model of small peasant household is main threat for China food safety source. By using the advantage of farmer professional cooperative in controlling the quality of agricultural products,its dilemma at the guarantee aspect of agricultural product quality safety is analyzed,and the guaranteeing measures of farmer professional cooperative for quality safety of agricultural products are proposed,which has an important significance for improving quality safety of agricultural products.

Sustainable Potato Production in the Mountain Area of Ecuador, an Approach to Increase Productivity with Small Scale Farmers

Ecuador potato crop is family based production system. Potato production has two roles in their economy, the first is providing food for their families and the second is a source of income for the household. However small scale farmers have limited access to local markets and most of the sales are through intermediates’ who purchase directly in the field at the lowest price possible. Potato production challenges for the small-scale farmers are among others availability of quality potato seed, direct sales, purchase of agrochemical inputs to maintain their crops and lack of education. In 2021, only 4% of potato farmers used certified seed. Potato yield is still low around 16.1 t·ha-1, in the last 10 years the total potato cultivated area was reduced by at least 50%. The farmers produce “Bokashi” and other organic fertilizer and these are effective to improve soil fertility and plant health. Homemade bio-pesticides reduce agrochemical pesticides. The Decision Support System (DSS) is a handheld device to control late blight, minimizes fungicide applications and improve fungicide rotation. In 2018 Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the causal agent of zebra chip, and its vector, the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli, together created havoc for farmers and researchers. Promotion of early potato varieties INIAP—Libertad is an alternative to lower the impact of this newest pest.

A Transaction Cost Analysis on the Acquisition of Rice Seed by Small-Scale Farmers in ECA Region： Generating Empirical Evidence in Tanzania

The present study is an attempt to develop empirical evidence of transaction costs that rice farmers incur in production and other factors that affect farmers＇ demand for seed and estimating the proportion of costs accounted for by transaction costs due to quality seed in the formal and informal sectors, and analyze how these costs affect sourcing decision. An agricultural household model was developed from the study area. To test the model, information was collected in a survey of 387 households. There is now empirical evidence that transaction cost in rice seed acquisition in Tanzanian agriculture is an added cost to the farmer in the process of purchasing seed. Descriptive analysis shows that about 18% of the total seed cost is accounted for transaction cost, which is 2% of the total variable cost in farmers＇ rice farming. Econometric model was fitted to the household data to determine the factors hindering farmers to use purchased quality seed. Factors that were significant in influencing transaction cost include information search, seed source, farmers＇ seed arrangements, trust, and distance from farmers＇ homestead to the seed source, location and age of the farmer. We recommend that, policy amendments inclined towards reduction of the transaction costs can improve the profitability of the rice enterprise by increasing the demand for inputs.

油气企业科技创新人才价值溯源分成评估

科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心力量,而科技创新人才是创新过程中的第一要素。作为油气生产的主要参与主体,油气企业要实现高水平科技自立自强,归根结底要依靠拥有高水平创新能力的人才队伍。为了激发科技人才创新活力动力,在人才价值创造与评估现状分析的基础上,依据生产全要素视角下的科技创新价值分享理论与方法,建立了油气企业科技创新人才价值溯源分成评估方法。研究结果表明:(1)油气企业科技创新是一个系统性的复杂过程,匹配油气企业科技创新特征、具有产业适应性的人才价值评估理论与方法较少;(2)油气企业科技创新人才价值溯源分成,是以油气科技创新成果经济价值评估结果为前提对参与成果创造的团队和个人按照实际贡献进行价值追溯与量化的过程,需要通过对单项科技创新成果经济价值溯源和科技创新成果完成人价值溯源两次溯源来实现;(3)以创新成果为导向的科技创新人才价值贡献率是人才价值溯源分成的核心参数,由完成人参与度、完成人创新度、完成人贡献度为内容的综合评估指标体系共同确定。结论认为,该方法为加快建立以创新价值、业绩、贡献为导向的人才评价体系提供了参考,能够有效解决人才在油气科技创新活动中的经济价值量化问题,对推动高水平科技自立自强有现实意义。

新质生产力的内涵特征、内在逻辑和实现途径——推进中国式现代化的新动能

新质生产力是生产力在信息化、智能化社会中,随着科技创新的提质增速和高端产业的勃兴融合呈现的高级形态,主要包含“高素质”劳动者、“新介质”劳动资料和“新料质”劳动对象三大要素。生产力的发展是实现中国式现代化的根本前提,作为先进的生产力,新质生产力同中国式现代化全体人民共同富裕的目标指向、协调发展的根本要求、和平发展的实现路径具有高度适配性,是推进中国式现代化的新动能。为使新质生产力真正增益于中国式现代化,要以新质生产力服务高质量发展,为中国式现代化奠定坚实的物质基础;要推进原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,以科技创新涵养新质生产力;要壮大战略性新兴产业、积极培育未来产业,推动新质生产力茁壮成长;要塑造劳动者的科学思维、增强劳动者的创新能力、培育劳动者的协作精神,确保新质生产力竞相迸发与充分涌流。

民营经济高质量发展与新质生产力:关联机理与互动路径

习近平总书记在创新发展马克思主义生产力理论的基础上提出“新质生产力”这一以科技创新为主导、以关键性颠覆性技术突破为依托的全新生产力概念。新质生产力是对传统生产力的升级与飞跃,旨在推动我国实现高质量发展。改革开放以来,民营经济在我国解放、发展生产力的过程中发挥了重要作用。步入新发展阶段,民营企业将因具备创新发展意识、产业创新优势、企业家精神才能等特殊优势而成为我国培育新质生产力的有生力量。与此同时,民营经济也将在形成新质生产力的过程中实现发展质量变革。为此,要支持民营企业参与关键核心技术攻关,动员民营企业助推新型工业化与产业现代化,引导民营经济布局新兴产业和未来产业,完善支持民营企业培育新质生产力的体制机制,以实现民营经济高质量发展与新质生产力培育的良性互促。

新质生产力赋能高质量发展的逻辑理路、关键着力点与实践路径

面对当今世界百年未有之大变局的加速演进,新一轮科技革命和产业变革前沿领域竞争加剧,要实现中国式现代化和高质量发展目标,在日趋激烈的国际竞争中赢得主动,就必须加快发展新质生产力。在生产力演化实现从“旧质”到“新质”的能级跃迁过程中展现出的“以质促新”的核心要义,意味着创新驱动是新质生产力“新”的关键,高质量发展是新质生产力“质”的锚点。创新驱动发展成效的日益彰显、社会主义制度的显著优越性、超大规模市场优势以及相对完备的产业体系是新质生产力赋能高质量发展的潜能优势。以深化改革建立与新质生产力发展相适配的新型生产关系,以坚持践行绿色发展为发展新质生产力持续注入绿色新动力,以完善人才制度体系建设为发展新质生产力积蓄最活跃因素,是新质生产力赋能高质量发展的主要实践路径。

新质生产力:逻辑、内涵及路径

作为人类社会进步决定性力量的生产力总是处在不断新质化的运动当中,它的每一次新质化都推动着人类社会向前迈进。其中,生产力的系统性新质化牵动着人类社会实现跨越式发展。人类社会诞生至今,已经发生过两次生产力的系统性新质化,分别推动人类社会步入农耕时代和工业时代。当前,第三次生产力系统性新质化正在发生,推动着人类社会由工业时代转向数字信息时代,而新质生产力正是这次生产力跃迁的科学写照。新质生产力的“新”展现为新要素、新技术、新产业,“质”体现为高质量、多质性、双质效,“力”表现为数字、协作、绿色、蓝色和开放五大生产力。新质生产力的运行机理,就是以科技创新为轴心,将要素系统革新的牵引力通过技术系统这一媒介传导至产业系统,最终实现对传统生产力三大系统的全面重塑。加快形成新质生产力,要从四个方面入手,包括全面塑强科技创新整体能力、积极促进新要素迅速成长、聚力推进核心技术研发应用和加快建设现代化产业体系。

新质生产力助力粮食生产的逻辑理蕴与主要途径

新质生产力的培育与发展离不开科技赋能、装备驱动、设施筑基与政策改革。生产力变革转换对粮食生产的作用效果显著,有利于降低劳动强度,提升人均劳动产出;降低生产风险,提升土地产出水平;缩短作业工期,提升抢收环节效率;减少环境污染,提升绿色发展效能;减少资源浪费,提升生态循环能力。未来,要注重科技创新赋能,稳定粮食安全向“前”突破;装备力量驱动,引领粮食生产向“深”迈进;设施建设筑基,提升粮食产能向“新”拓展;政策改革蓄势,推动粮食产业向“绿”转型。

新质生产力:一个理论框架与指标体系

新质生产力是习近平总书记2023年9月在黑龙江考察调研期间提出的一个全新概念。它以科技创新为关键核心,在最大程度释放人的创造性和保护生态环境的基础上,以战略性新兴产业和未来产业为支柱,构建现代化产业体系。本文从生产力三个构成要件对应性构建了衡量指标,提出了1-2-3-4的新质生产力理论框架,为后续生产力研究奠定了基础。“1”即一个关键核心,以科技创新为关键核心;“2”即两个根本原则,即最大程度释放人的聪明智慧原则和最大限度保护生态环境原则;“3”即三个基本要求,即低污染、低消耗、低投入;“4”即四个主要内容,即形成新的竞争优势、培育现代企业群体、构建现代产业体系和建立良好生态环境。并提出培育新质生产力的四个主要路径:一是优化人力资本结构;二是健全科技创新体制;三是完善现有产业体系;四是营造良好生态环境。

基于乡村振兴的高素质农民培育政策支持体系研究

在全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略的过程中,目前农村地区发展还面临许多挑战。其中,高素质农民培育是乡村人才振兴的重要抓手,能够最大限度地推动农村经济的发展,显著提升农民的收入水平,然而在具体培育过程中还存在政府资金投入不足、培育内容与生产生活脱节、农民培训管理机制不健全等问题和制约因素。只有解决好这些问题,才能最大限度地推动高素质农民培育工作。基于此,在阐述高素质农民培育的内涵和重要意义、分析高素质农民培育过程中存在的问题及原因的基础上,系统提出了相应的政策支持体系建设对策,以期为促进高素质农民培育工作提供重要参考。

新质生产力推动现代化产业体系构建的理论逻辑与路径选择

面向新一轮科技和产业革命、大国竞争加剧的历史性交汇时期,新质生产力为中国加快构建现代化产业体系提供了重要机遇。新质生产力的发展与数字智能时代关联,能够在产业结构高端化、生产流通智能化、核心技术自主化、数字实体融合化以及产业发展低碳化等方面推动现代化产业体系的构建。当前,产业体系现代化面临着产业结构“低端锁定”、生产和流通智能化水平有待提升、关键核心技术“卡脖子”、数字经济与实体经济融合不充分不平衡以及产业绿色低碳转型的环境约束等一系列制约因素。为此,以新质生产力推动现代化产业体系建设的实现路径在于:以升级传统产业、壮大新兴产业和产业融合发展推动产业结构高端化;以创新配套基础设施、要素资源流动和创新营销模式推动生产流通智能化;以基础研究、创新人才和创新协同体系推动核心技术自主化;以数字产业化和产业数字化推动数字实体融合化;以绿色产业、绿色技术和绿色发展政策推动产业发展低碳化。