Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations

On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.

International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products

In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives.

Present Situation and Development Mode of Chinese Farmers' Cooperative Organizations

In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China is the product of need and being needed,with low level of specialization,systematism and industrialization. However,Chinese farmers' cooperative organizations have the advantages of diversification,full supporting and great opportunities of Internet economy and e-commerce environment. Based on that,this paper puts forward the " Chinese mode" for the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China in the future,that is,the main body of innovation and entrepreneurship will unite,and the other entities of production and industry will follow them.

Analysis on Development Pathway of Farmer Organization under the Background of Rural Revitalization

The development of farmer organization will play an important role in rural revitalization. Basic pathways of farmer organization development are excavating common interest,playing the role of farmer elite,cultivating modern farmers and increasing government support. But due to the influences of rural culture tradition and current management system,there exists certain difficulty to meet these conditions to different extents,which decides that benign development of farmer organization will be a long persistence process.

Local Knowledge of Farmer Communities in the Use of Organic Fertilizers to Increase Cashew Production in Buton Utara Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Local knowledge has an important role in agricultural practices.This study aims to describe the local knowledge of farming communities about the use of organic fertilizers as a strategy to increase cashew production in Buton Utara Regency,Southeast Celebes,Indonesia.The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and observation.The research results showed that the farming community in this area has in-depth local knowledge of how to make and apply effective organic fertilizers sourced from the surrounding natural environment.However,there are challenges in access to the organic materials needed and constraints in the widespread implementation of organic fertilizers.This study recommends strengthening education and training programs to increase farmers’awareness and skills in using organic fertilizers.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Development of business capacity and organization of commercial business of farmer based organizations in the northern intervention zone in Ghana: A case study of nine-farmer based organizations

The Agricultural Component of the Millennium Challenge Account Ghana Compact was to alleviate poverty and improve livelihoods of farmers through commercial development of farmer organizations in the intervention zones in Ghana. In Ghana, there were three intervention zones as Southern Horticultural Zone, Afram Basin Zone and Northern Horticultural Zone. Nine Farmer Based Organizations (FBO’s) of 450 farmers consisting of 65.1% males and 34.9% females in the West Mamprusi district of the Northern Horticultural Zone were trained by authors under the Millennium Development Authority (MiDA) Agricultural Project. Farmers of the FBO’s were trained on nine modules on Business Capacity Building and five modules on Organization of Commercial Business over a period of six weeks. Age range of trainee farmers was 30-39 years for males representing 37.54% and 40-49 years for females representing 29.94%. Educational level of trainee farmers was 9.90% males and 1.91% females who completed primary school. Trainee farmers who completed senior high school were 2.73% and 0.64% for males and females, respectively. There were no university graduates among the trainees of the nine farmer groups trained. Among the educated trainee farmers was 81.91% male illiterate and 91.72% illiterate. Trainees’ farm size was 0.4-2.0 hectares representing 57.43% males and 66.45% females. Attendance of male trainees over the period of six weeks was 89.76% and 10.24% absentees, whereas attendance of females over the same period was 88.96% and 11.04% absentees. Nine Action Business Plans were developed for the nine FBO’s to access financial support from the MiDA participating financial institutions in the horticultural zone for the commercial development of farmers’ organizations. This paper presents a case study analysis of Business Capacity Building and Organization of Commercial Business modules provided in the Northern Horticultural Zone to nine Farmer Based Organizations (FBO’s).

The Construction of Intensive and Organized Agricultural Industrialization Model with Farmers as the Main Body

The current agricultural conflicts of China are analyzed and the forms and drawbacks of current agricultural industrial structure are listed.The situations for intensifying the farmland with appropriate scale are analyzed from the aspects of policy,farmers,farms and modernization of agriculture.It is pointed out that the situations for the intensive use of land are becoming mature.Taking the single pig-breeding chain as an example,the agricultural industrialization model,which takes farmers as the main body,is expounded.Besides,its functions and significance in solving "the three agriculture problems" and facilitating the modernization of agriculture are discussed.

Consumer Ideology Determines Shopping Preferences at Farmers Markets in Two US Geographical Regions

The purpose of this study was to identify if there were differences that existed in the behaviors, attitudes, awareness, and motivating factors that influenced people to shop at farmers’ markets and purchase USDA certified organic food in two geographic regions: Corvallis, Oregon and Muncie, Indiana. A survey was administered to consumers who shopped at the Minnetrista Farmers’ Market (MFM) and the Corvallis-Albany Farmers’ Market (CAFM) in the summer of 2012 to measure the shoppers’ purchasing perceptions. Specific areas of interest in this study included consumer values towards supporting local farmers and consuming USDA certified organic food. A comparison of responses between regions was analyzed. Results of the study provide insights on consumers’ purchasing attitudes and behaviors regarding USDA certified organic products, and why they chose to shop at Farmers’ Markets. Ideology was the strongest predictor for consumer purchasing behaviors. Understanding how regional differences affect food choice has implications for wellness programs and industry marketing materials.

Research on Contractual Model Selection of Farmers' Cooperatives——A Case Study of Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan

In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers' cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of organization forms into selection problem of contractual model within organization.By the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics,we analyze the formation mechanism and determinant factors of contractual model of different farmers' cooperatives and conduct case study on Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan.The results show that selecting contractual forms of cooperatives is the result of weighing many factors;new organization model or contractual arrangement is complementary to the former system arrangement;the selection of cooperatives model is an important factor impacting cooperation efficiency and stability of organization.One organization model with efficiency not only hinges on the transaction characteristic of organization,but also considers the compatibility with exterior transaction environment.In the process of selecting contractual model,we should conform to objective evolving law,but not be in thrall to a certain given form.

Connotation and Realization of Ningxia Agricultural Organization:Practice Induction and Model Reference

Through a large number of literature studies and field survey,from the perspective of small farmers’integration into agricultural modernization,this paper innovatively divided the current integration mode of national agricultural organizations into five main types:leading enterprises,leading new agricultural business entities,cooperative financial institutions,embedded scientific research institutes,and financial poverty alleviation and assistance.It found that Ningxia region can gradually carry out horizontal integration and extension in the process of promoting the vertical integration and extension of agricultural industry value chain,and try to explore the possibility of new integration mode such as"modern agricultural cloud service public platform+leading enterprises+farmers"in Ningxia,in order to bridge the gaps in agricultural organization policies through the pilot,because the village plans to plan the development of the industry,adapt to the local conditions to strengthen the village collective economy,and continuously improve the degree of farmers’organization.

Analysis on the Rural Cooperative Organization Established by Returning Migrant Workers——A Case of the Cooperative Organization of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province

Taking the Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example,the geographic situation,establishment process and operation situation of the cooperative organization are expounded.And then the social effect of returning migrant workers who start their own business is analyzed.In the first place,starting their own business has promoted the rapid development of economy at county level;in the second place,it has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure;in the third place,it is conducive to reallocating resources.The problems in the development of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization are analyzed from four aspects covering weakening of village' cadres,multiple ethnic groups,difficulties in expanding scale cooperation and inadequate funds.Three countermeasures which are conducive to creating favorable external environment for migrant workers to start their own businesses,takes the ethnic factors into consideration and implements scale operation,so as to solve the new problems in the process of developing rural farmers' cooperative organization and provide the evidence for formulating relevant policies.

农业产业化联合体:理论机制及发展趋势

农业产业化联合体是近年来兴起的一种以分工协作为前提,以规模经营为依托,以利益联结为纽带的新型农业产业化组织。但由于发展时间短和组织形态特殊等原因,理论研究和实践探索对农业产业化联合体性质的认识和发展规律的把握尚不清晰。笔者通过对农业产业化联合体组织特征、运行机制、功能作用及发展趋势的剖析认为,农业产业化联合体是具有联盟性质的合作经济组织,其成员异质性程度高,组织架构呈现立体式,治理方式具有关系保障+章程管理+合约约束的多元重叠特征。相较于其他农业产业化组织,农业产业化联合体内部主体联结更为紧密,要素流通效率更高,创新机制更容易与新模式、新技术、新业态相结合,在保障粮食安全、提高食品质量安全水平、推动农业发展方式绿色化转型、促进乡村兴旺和实现共同富裕等方面具有独特功能。针对当前农业产业化联合体发展状况,政府应重点在法人地位落实、小农户偏向机制和针对性政策扶持等方面进一步完善相关法规,以促进农业产业化联合体更好服务农业现代化建设。

数字素养对小农户衔接现代农业的影响研究——基于黄河流域9省区1592户小农户的调查

基于黄河流域9省区1592户小农户的调研数据,利用LPM和Probit模型分析数字素养对小农户衔接现代农业的影响。结果表明:数字素养的提升能够促进小农户衔接现代农业;机制分析发现,数字素养通过拓宽小农户信息获取渠道、提高小农户信息获取能力来影响小农户衔接现代农业;引入ESRM模型结合反事实推断分析发现,数字素养提升可以使小农户衔接现代农业的水平提高45.33%;小农户数字素养对地理邻近农户衔接现代农业的行为具有正向空间溢出效应;异质性检验发现,数字素养对衔接现代农业的影响在纯小农户中最大,其次是兼业型小农户,数字素养对中低收入小农户衔接现代农业的影响要大于高收入小农户。根据结论,提出加强对小农户的数字化培训和指导以提升其数字素养,对不同类型小农户有针对性地提供帮扶措施,通过示范效应带动周边小农户衔接现代农业等政策建议。

小农户家庭结构变化对加入现代化农业体系的机制分析

“大国小农”背景下,实现小农户的现代化转型是中国式农业现代化的重要组成部分,体现中国特色。本文利用全国第三次农业普查农户抽样数据,从小农户家庭结构变化的角度,分析小农户衔接现代农业的影响因素及实现机制。实证分析证明:随着农村家庭出现老龄化、小型化、兼业化的趋势会显著降低小农衔接现代农业的意愿;进一步的机制分析表明,有男性子嗣的小农户家庭,即使在家庭结构变化的情况下,也会显著的愿意加入现代农业体系。本文研究表明新发展阶段对小农户而言,农地的生产功能逐渐减弱,财产性功能愈发凸显。据此,本文建议持续深化“长久不变”和“三权分置”等有利于保障农民财产性收入的政策,为小农户衔接现代农业提供更加周全的制度供给。

农村集体经济组织代表集体行使所有权的困境破解

对“农村集体经济组织代表集体行使所有权”问题的研究,有必要从制度阐释、制度评价和制度完善三个层面依次进行。运用文义解释、体系解释和目的解释方法明确“农村集体经济组织代表集体行使所有权”的规范内涵,即区分农民集体和农村集体经济组织——前者作为所有权归属主体,后者作为所有权行使主体。在主体多元、关系复杂的制度设计下,农村集体经济组织存在权限不清、定位不明、能力不足的三重困境。以“代表说”为基础,塑造农村集体经济组织与农民集体的法律关系,发掘代表的制度价值并予以完善。在组织权限方面,应消除集体产权“折股量化”范围限制的影响,明确农村集体经济组织对集体资产的全权管理;在法律定位上,从成员构成方面确保农村集体经济组织代表集体的资质,避免农村集体经济组织异化为以股权投资为基础的一般农业经营主体;在组织能力上,着重提高农村集体经济组织运行效率,并从资产收益取得和分配规则上充实其收入能力。