s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of ...s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.展开更多
On the basis of landscape ecology, combining the Spot 5 high resolution satellite imagery with GIS, a method evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of shelterbelts distribution at landscape scale is put forward in this ...On the basis of landscape ecology, combining the Spot 5 high resolution satellite imagery with GIS, a method evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of shelterbelts distribution at landscape scale is put forward in this paper. The distance coefficients of reasonable and existing landscape indexes of farmland shelterbelt networks were com-puted, and then through the classification of the distance coefficients, and the establishment of evaluation rules, the spatial heterogeneity of farmland shelterbelts was evaluated. The method can improve the evaluating system of previ-ous studies on shelterbelts distribution, resolve the disadvantages of lacking spatiality of overall evaluation, and make the evaluation results have more directive significance for shelterbelt management. Based on this method, spatial het-erogeneity of shelterbelt networks was evaluated in the midwest of Jilin Province, China. The results show that the re-gions with fewer shelterbelts and no closed network account for 34.7% of the total area, but only 4.9% of the area has relative reasonable pattern of shelterbelt networks. Many problems exist in the distribution pattern of shelterbelts, therefore, much attention should be paid to construct farmland shelterbelts in the study area.展开更多
The black soil region of northeast China is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Increasingly severe gully erosion in this region has destroyed much farmland and reduced grain production. We analy...The black soil region of northeast China is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Increasingly severe gully erosion in this region has destroyed much farmland and reduced grain production. We analyzed SPOT5 imagery from 2007 and TM imagery from 2008 to describe the distributions of gullies and farmland shelterbelts in Kedong County and to assess the effect of farmland shelterbelts on gully erosion. The ima- gery revealed 2311 gullies with average density of 418.51 m km-2, indicating very serious gully erosion. With increasing slope gradient there was an inverse trend between gully density and shelterbelt density, indicating that farmland shelterbelts can prevent gully erosion. The defense effect of farmland shelterbelts against gullyerosion varied with distance： for distances 〈120 m, the defense effect was consistent and very strong; for distances of 120-240 m, a weak linear decrease was found in the defense effect; and for distances 〉240 m, the defense effect of the shelterbelts was significantly weaker. We recommend an optimal planting density of farmland shel- terbelts for the prevention of gully erosion at 1100-1300 m km-2.展开更多
樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)是我国“三北”地区主要造林树种之一,樟子松防护林具有较强的防风固沙能力。本研究以樟子松防护林为研究对象,开展了5种行带式配置防护林防风效益风洞试验研究,测定了不同配置防护林防护区不...樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)是我国“三北”地区主要造林树种之一,樟子松防护林具有较强的防风固沙能力。本研究以樟子松防护林为研究对象,开展了5种行带式配置防护林防风效益风洞试验研究,测定了不同配置防护林防护区不同距离范围内风速及其流场特征,研究了樟子松防护林不同行带配置与防护效益关系,为常绿针叶树种农田防护林营造提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)防风效能随着林带行数的增加而增强,且林带后1 H~3 H内风速显著降低,形成风影区,风影区面积随着林带行数的增加而变大。(2)樟子松防护林带后风速流场发生显著变化,在12 m·s^(-1)风速条件下,1~5行1带的5种林带防风效能分别为15.1%、26.2%、37.5%、51.7%和51.9%,4行1带、5行1带结构配置防风效能均在50.0%以上。(3)樟子松防护林具有较强的防风效果,建议在干旱区农田防护林建设与更新中可采用樟子松造林,最适结构配置为4行1带。展开更多
在区域尺度评价农田防护林对作物产量的影响对于农田防护林建设和经营管理具有重要意义。该文提出了一种基于遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术的农田防护林对作物产量影响的评价方法。首...在区域尺度评价农田防护林对作物产量的影响对于农田防护林建设和经营管理具有重要意义。该文提出了一种基于遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术的农田防护林对作物产量影响的评价方法。首先利用多时相遥感影像识别农田防护林的经营阶段和和生长状态,建立农田防护林防护效应的综合判定模式;其次采用机制法,通过光、温、水、土逐级衰减,计算作物生产潜力,并基于遥感影像和光能利用率模型估算作物单产;最后构建农田防护林对作物产量影响的评价方法体系。基于该方法,在吉林省长春市北部的农田防护林重点建设区选择样区,评价了该区2009年农田防护林对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,农田防护林在一定程度上将会促进玉米增产。尤其在自然条件较差的低产区,农田防护林的增产作用更加显著,增产率达到8.85%;而在高产区,增产率约为2.4%,但是由于胁地效应的影响,在部分地区可能造成减产。因此,在农田防护林的规划建设中,应根据不同的立地条件,因地制宜,在占地面积最小的情况下,达到稳产增产的作用,实现农田防护林的最大防护效应。该研究丰富了在区域尺度研究农田防护林防护效应的技术方法,可以更加科学合理的评价区域尺度上农田防护林的增产效益,并为农田防护林的经营管理提供科学依据。展开更多
文摘s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-YW-08-02)
文摘On the basis of landscape ecology, combining the Spot 5 high resolution satellite imagery with GIS, a method evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of shelterbelts distribution at landscape scale is put forward in this paper. The distance coefficients of reasonable and existing landscape indexes of farmland shelterbelt networks were com-puted, and then through the classification of the distance coefficients, and the establishment of evaluation rules, the spatial heterogeneity of farmland shelterbelts was evaluated. The method can improve the evaluating system of previ-ous studies on shelterbelts distribution, resolve the disadvantages of lacking spatiality of overall evaluation, and make the evaluation results have more directive significance for shelterbelt management. Based on this method, spatial het-erogeneity of shelterbelt networks was evaluated in the midwest of Jilin Province, China. The results show that the re-gions with fewer shelterbelts and no closed network account for 34.7% of the total area, but only 4.9% of the area has relative reasonable pattern of shelterbelt networks. Many problems exist in the distribution pattern of shelterbelts, therefore, much attention should be paid to construct farmland shelterbelts in the study area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400612,41271305)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province(142102110147)
文摘The black soil region of northeast China is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Increasingly severe gully erosion in this region has destroyed much farmland and reduced grain production. We analyzed SPOT5 imagery from 2007 and TM imagery from 2008 to describe the distributions of gullies and farmland shelterbelts in Kedong County and to assess the effect of farmland shelterbelts on gully erosion. The ima- gery revealed 2311 gullies with average density of 418.51 m km-2, indicating very serious gully erosion. With increasing slope gradient there was an inverse trend between gully density and shelterbelt density, indicating that farmland shelterbelts can prevent gully erosion. The defense effect of farmland shelterbelts against gullyerosion varied with distance： for distances 〈120 m, the defense effect was consistent and very strong; for distances of 120-240 m, a weak linear decrease was found in the defense effect; and for distances 〉240 m, the defense effect of the shelterbelts was significantly weaker. We recommend an optimal planting density of farmland shel- terbelts for the prevention of gully erosion at 1100-1300 m km-2.
文摘在区域尺度评价农田防护林对作物产量的影响对于农田防护林建设和经营管理具有重要意义。该文提出了一种基于遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术的农田防护林对作物产量影响的评价方法。首先利用多时相遥感影像识别农田防护林的经营阶段和和生长状态,建立农田防护林防护效应的综合判定模式;其次采用机制法,通过光、温、水、土逐级衰减,计算作物生产潜力,并基于遥感影像和光能利用率模型估算作物单产;最后构建农田防护林对作物产量影响的评价方法体系。基于该方法,在吉林省长春市北部的农田防护林重点建设区选择样区,评价了该区2009年农田防护林对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,农田防护林在一定程度上将会促进玉米增产。尤其在自然条件较差的低产区,农田防护林的增产作用更加显著,增产率达到8.85%;而在高产区,增产率约为2.4%,但是由于胁地效应的影响,在部分地区可能造成减产。因此,在农田防护林的规划建设中,应根据不同的立地条件,因地制宜,在占地面积最小的情况下,达到稳产增产的作用,实现农田防护林的最大防护效应。该研究丰富了在区域尺度研究农田防护林防护效应的技术方法,可以更加科学合理的评价区域尺度上农田防护林的增产效益,并为农田防护林的经营管理提供科学依据。
