Analysis of Hidden Danger in Farmer's Rights and Interests during Farmland Transfer——An Evaluation of Rights Safeguarding Effect of Farmland Transfer Contract

Taking Shuangliu County,Chengdu City,China as an example,evaluation index system for the rights protection effects of farmland transfer is established contract from three aspects of basic information,transfer agreement and legal safeguards in the contracts.According to the investigation data,weight of evaluation index is determined by both entropy weight and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract in the flat dam,high hill and low hill in Shuangliu County,Chengdu,China.Result shows that the transfer agreement of farmland and the basic information of contract greatly affect the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.There are differences in the five indices of the information of the signature of contract,pricing for payment,time limit for farmland transfer,transfer mode of farmland,and use range of farmland transfer.During the farmland transfer in reality,there are three hidden dangers in farmer's land rights and interests,which are the ill-formed transfer behavior,the relatively low income of farmers from farmland transfer,and the quality decline of farmland and difficult full reclamation in transfer period.Based on the evaluation result and investigation data,countermeasures are put forward to improve the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

A comparative analysis of the two typical farmland transfer models in Chongqing

This paper attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of the two typical farmland transfer models introduced by Chongqing in its comprehensive coordinated reform experiment for balanced urban and rural development: i) the "pooling of land as shares" in Qilin village, Changshou district; and ii) the "homestead/house swap, contracted land/ social security swap" in Jiulongpo district. It is estimated that the former model offers lower land appreciation benef its than the latter; the former faces greater operational risks, whereas the latter can to a certain extent mitigate risks by boosting regulatory control and reasonable government guidance. The homestead/house swap, contracted land/social security swap model is therefore the preferred choice. It can solve a series of social security problems that arise after peasants are divorced from land and enable peasants to garner higher land appreciation benefits through farmland transfer.

双重目标下的陕西省稻农农地转入最优价格探讨——基于农地产出和生产利润最大化的视角

基于陕西省汉中、安康两地转入农地的稻农问卷调查数据,采用Translog生产函数构建了投入产出模型和生产利润模型,从产出和利润两个维度对稻农转入农地的价格效应进行了实证研究,分析了农地转入价格对稻农的产出水平和生产利润的影响,确定了农地产出最大化与生产利润最大化双重目标下的稻农农地转入最优价格。结果表明:(1)以农地转入价格0~1500元/hm^(2)为参照,稻农农地转入价格在7500~10500元/hm^(2)时,其产出水平显著上升。(2)稻农农地转入价格在7500~10500元/hm^(2)时,其利润水平显著上升;稻农农地转入价格在10500~13500元/hm^(2)时,其利润水平显著下降。(3)综合权衡产出最大化与利润最大化双重目标,稻农转入农地的最优价格介于7500~10500元/hm^(2)之间。综上,在推进中国农地流转的过程中,应从农民经济效益、国家粮食安全、农村社会稳定和农地流转市场化等多方面考量,把握好农地流转价格的选择标准,以期提高农地流转效率、维护农民权益以及保障我国粮食安全。

移民安置区农地流转意愿影响因素及耦合协调关系研究——以贵州PQ水库为例

移民问题是水利水电项目中的关键问题,关系到社会稳定与乡村振兴。运用地理探测器,因子分析法和耦合协调度模型对水库移民农地转入意愿与安置区农户农地转出意愿影响因素及其耦合协调关系进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)安置点社区融入状况,转入农地的距离,种植业等技能培训,农地价值,家庭农业劳动力人数,非农就业机会对移民农地转入意愿起着主要影响作用;非农就业水平,对土地权益受损的担忧程度,是否有闲置土地,非农就业机会,对土地流转政策了解程度,土地流转收益预期对安置区农户农地转出意愿起着主要的影响作用。(2)各影响因子之间存在两两交互关系,其中任意两因子交互作用后因子解释力均明显增强。转入农地的距离与安置区融入情况的交互作用对移民农地转入意愿的影响力最大;农地细碎化程度,是否有闲置土地,非农就业机会这3个因子与对土地权益受损担忧程度的交互作用对安置区居民农地转出意愿的影响力最大,家庭人均耕地面积安置区居民农地转出意愿具有隐形作用。(3)移民农地转入意愿与安置区农户农地转出意愿存在强关联性,二者相互影响,相互促进,并处于农地转入意愿超前的基本协调阶段。

广西农村土地流转的特征与影响因素

采用Logit模型分析农户流转土地行为的影响因素。结果表明,家庭土地经营差异、家庭非外出劳动力权重、农户流转土地意愿、农户租入土地意愿对农户流转土地决策有负显著影响,家庭外出劳动力权重对农户流转土地决策有正向影响。为了进一步促进农地流转,建议提升农户的教育水平,鼓励以家庭农场为主,多种经营方式共存的农地经营方式。

农地流转对农户生计策略多样化的影响——基于全国农户调查数据的实证检验

本文基于DFID可持续生计分析框架的逻辑设定,运用全国大样本农户微观调查数据,采用Logit/OLS回归和PSM方法实证检验了农地流转对农户生计策略选择和生计非农化程度的影响。研究结果显示,农地流转可以为农户提供生计多样化选择的机会,农地转出可以促进农户从事多样化的生计策略,提升农户生计非农化水平;转入农地为农户实现农业生产规模经营创造条件,可以促进农户选择农业向生计策略;农户生计异质性是影响农户生计策略多样化的关键因素。基于上述结果,本文认为发展功能完善的农地流转市场仍是现阶段农地流转政策的主要方向;提升人力、物质、金融资本能够提高农民生计多样化水平。

土地流转视角下耕地“非粮化”时空格局演变及驱动因素

该研究对2009—2020年中国流转耕地“非粮化”的时空格局进行量化测度,利用Tobit模型、空间计量模型和工具变量法,从“人”“地”“钱”多视角探析流转耕地“非粮化”的驱动因素及其空间异质性。结果显示:①流转耕地“非粮化”具有阶段性和区域性,非粮食主产区的流转耕地“非粮化”是全国层面流转耕地“非粮化”加剧的主要原因。②土地流转是耕地“非粮化”的重要驱动因素。提高土地流转面积和将土地流转给生活型经营者,有利于抑制耕地“非粮化”发展,但土地流转租金上涨会难以避免地加剧耕地“非粮化”程度。③土地流转与耕地“非粮化”关系存在区域异质性。在粮食主产区,土地流转面积提高对流转耕地“非粮化”的抑制作用更强;在非粮食主产区,生产型农业经营者采取“非粮化”种植行为的倾向更强。因此,为应对流转耕地“非粮化”现象,应健全耕地保护补偿制度,对防止流转耕地“非粮化”目标完成好的地区给予奖补;重点规范非粮食主产区的工商资本流转土地行为,对农户粮食种植行为给予奖励;进一步推进粮食主产区的土地流转和整治工程,发展耕地适度规模化经营;完善农地流转交易平台,继续加强土地流转价格监控。

农地流转对农业数字经济发展的影响

基于2014—2021年全国省级面板数据,利用熵值法和固定效应模型,以农业机械化水平为调节变量,分析农地流转对农业数字经济发展的影响。结果表明:从整体上看,中国农业数字经济发展水平呈现良好的增长态势,但呈现出明显的“东高西低”的分布特征;农地流转能够显著促进农业数字经济发展,且存在显著的空间异质性,具体表现为东部地区农地流转促进了农业数字经济发展,中西部地区为负且不显著;农业机械化水平在农地流转对农业数字经济发展的影响中发挥着正向调节效应。

政府角色分异下农地流转主体博弈冲突及其调适

农村土地流转与农户权益保障是基层治理的重要问题。在农村土地流转过程中,基层政府的角色定位直接影响农地流转状况和流转成效,考虑到资本企业介入农地流转的情形,引入“情景—冲突—调适”分析框架,从政府引导角色下农户与资本企业的两方博弈、主导角色下农户与基层政府的两方博弈以及监督角色下农户与资本企业和基层政府之间的三方博弈的具体情景出发,进一步厘清在政府角色分异下各利益主体的进化稳定策略及相互作用关系,探究农地流转博弈冲突机理以及如何调适农户权益矛盾的问题。为破农户权益频频受损之僵局,政府应积极进行角色转变与行为重构,寻求“资本企业—农户”主体利益共享,创新二者合作激励机制,健全农地流转相关制度,进而促进农地健康有序流转。

农地二轮延包实施进路——基于贵州省XF县的调查研究

第二轮土地承包到期后农地顺利延包是促进乡村振兴之根本。当前我国第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年面临“有人无地种,有地无人种”与“保持农户承包地稳定”的现行政策相矛盾、无地少地农民以及“两头占”“两头空”“外嫁女”等特殊群体的利益处理这两大突出问题,制定具体农地延包方案迫在眉睫。基于贵州省XF县“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”试点的调研发现,二轮延包中存在着确权收尾工作难完成、延包主体资格难认定、土地细碎化难处理、延包协议难签订等困境。解决这些困境的实践逻辑为建立登记颁证机制、农户自愿有偿退出承包和未承包地管理机制、缺地少地农户承包地调整机制、矛盾纠纷化解机制、农地承包经营权长效管理机制。具体而言,农地二轮延包的实施路径包括:完成土地确权工作;化解延包矛盾纠纷;承包地退出、收回与管理;数字化赋能农地承包经营权长效管理;政府组织成立专班予以落实。

Spatial patterns of farmland abandonment and its impact factors in the central Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The severe farmland abandonment phenomena in China have tremendously decreased the farmland usage efficiency and caused a series of profound ecological and social outcomes. The complexity of farmland abandonment necessitates a systematic research on its patterns and impact factors to underpin the dynamics of problem as well as potential solutions. This paper took Wanzhou district in the central part of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example to study the spatial distribution patterns of abandoned farmland at three scales, i.e., town, village, and plot, and analyzed the influence from labor transfer and farmland circulation. We conducted a survey on the distribution patterns of abandoned farmland via questionnaires at town and village scales, together with the modeling and interpretation of high-resolution aerial images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles at plot scale. Our research discloses a strong relationship between the distribution of abandoned farmland and the distance from population center at different scales. At eithertown or village scale, the abandonment proportion was recognized the highest in mid-distance areas and lowest in close-distance areas, and the per capita area of abandoned farmland increased with the distance to downtown or township. At plot scale, abandonment proportion presented exponential growth with the distance to village center, whereas the abandoned farmland was mainly distributed in the areas with distance above 500 m from the village center. Moreover, we noticed that labor transfer and farmland circulation are two important factors that influence farmland abandonment. Labor's outbound transfer distance has a positive linkage with the possibility of farmland abandonment. Finally, it is recommended that development and adoption of corresponding policies on local urbanization and farmland circulation will facilitate to alleviate farmland abandonment.

高标准农田建设如何影响农地流转

研究目的:基于28个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,探索高标准农田建设对农地流转的影响及其可能机制。研究方法:描述性分析、双向固定效应面板模型。研究结果:(1)高标准农田建设能显著促进农地流转,稳健性检验也证实上述研究结果可信;(2)机制验证表明,高标准农田建设会通过提升农业经营效益、降低农业经营风险和匹配农业技术进步促进农地流转;(3)基于自然地理、生产定位和经济发展的异质性分析发现,高标准农田建设对地形起伏度相对较小区域、粮食主产区和经济较发达地区的农地流转促进效果更好。研究结论:为有效激活农地流转,应稳步推进新一轮高标准农田建设并根据区域差异进行精准施策,同时重视提升经营收益、防控风险和技术进步在实现规模经营中的积极作用。

The making of farmland markets——Case study on villages of Hongqi,Liyuantun,Hucun and Xiaogang

Traditional theory holds that a farmland transfer market comes of institution, demand and land lease. In this article, several villages, including Hongqi in Sichuan province, Liyuantun in Hebei province, Hucun in Hunan province, and Xiaogang and its neighboring villages in Anhui province, are studied in terms of the formation and development of their farmland transfer markets. Based on this study, the article concludes that the prerequisite for the making of farmland transfer market is farmland output and returns. It is a necessary condition for the market while demand is a sufficient one. In particular, external capital may promote the demand for farmland and rediscover farmland value. Institution, however, is not the direct reason for the inception of the farmland transfer market, though it ensures that the regulations for this market will be upgraded.

Empirical Analysis on Transfer and Limitation of Land Contractual Management Right

Existing laws have three limitations on transfer of land contractual management right. The survey of 506 farmer households in Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Guangxi provinces indicates that most farmers have the consistent knowledge of limitation on " transfer being approved by the party giving out the contract in advance" with legislative requirements,but it is not effectively implemented in actual operation. As to limitation on transferee,no matter in cognition of farmers,or in real transfer process,the transferee is not totally limited to farmers engaged in agricultural production and management. For the constraint that the transferor should have stable non-agricultural occupation or stable income source, most farmers agree,but more than half of the farmers have not confirmed the transfer action in practice.

农地流转行为的空间依赖性及影响因素研究——基于学习效应视角

综合考量农地流转过程中流转意愿和流转行为的影响因素,并突出强调农地流转各参与主体之间的学习效应对进一步推进农地高质高效流转具有重要意义。本文基于2015—2018年中国30个省份面板数据,从农地流转契约、农地流转形式和农地流转交易主体三个维度探究农地流转行为的空间依赖性及影响因素,结果表明,各维度农地流转行为在空间依赖关系上呈现一定的差异性。本文进一步采用空间杜宾模型并借助偏微分方法分析农地流转行为的影响因素,结果表明,农地流转行为的空间依赖性主要受内生交互效应和外生交互效应影响,两种效应产生影响的空间依赖性存在差异,外生影响因素(如非农就业水平)对不同农地流转行为的直接效应和溢出效应也存在差异。本文不仅丰富了农地流转行为空间效应的研究,还为完善我国农地流转制度提供了微观基础。

金融素养对农户适度规模经营的影响

基于系统相关性,农户的适度规模经营需同时考虑耕地面积扩大和部分农业生产环节外包。在阐发金融素养影响农户适度规模经营机理的基础上,运用中国家庭金融调查数据和有序Probit模型实证检验金融素养与农户适度规模经营的关系,发现金融素养对农户适度规模经营有显著的正向影响。异质性分析结果表明,因农户所在地区和确权土地拥有情况不同,金融素养对农户适度规模经营的影响存在差异。

农地流转对农业机械化水平的影响研究——基于动态面板模型的实证检验

农地流转与农业机械化是农业现代化的重要标志,探究农地流转对农业机械化水平的影响及其背后发挥调节效应的因素具有重要意义。基于中国内地地区30个省(市)2005-2019年面板数据,构建动态面板模型,采用系统GMM方法实证检验了农地流转对农业机械化水平的影响。研究发现:农地流转有利于提高农业机械化水平,农户适度规模经营、农地抵押贷款与农作物种植结构在此过程中发挥正向调节效应,农户长期投资尚未表现出显著性影响。因此,需稳步推进农地集中流转、因地制宜选择农业机械化模式、优化农作物种植结构、深化农地金融改革和合理引导农户长期投资,从而实现农业适度规模经营,提高农业机械化水平。

乡村产业振兴背景下农地流转的邻里效应

乡村产业振兴背景下,农地流转市场需求扩大,农地流转出现新趋势。以湖南省农户为调查对象,以9个村为调查样本,以地理距离100米和村民小组内成员定义为邻里,定量分析乡村产业振兴背景下农地流转中的邻里效应。研究发现:农户农地流转行为决策中存在显著的邻里效应,相邻距离越近,农户做出相似决策的可能性越大;邻里效应作用机制包括内生效应、外生效应和情景效应,内生效应表现为邻里农户的农地流转行为决策相互影响,外生效应表现为邻里农户个体特征、家庭特征或土地资源禀赋等影响农地流转行为决策,情景效应表现为乡村产业振兴中建立的利益联结关系影响农地流转行为决策。因此,为提高土地资源配置效率,要充分发挥乡村能人或贤人的带头示范作用,加大政府支持力度,以项目引导社会资本投资农业,建立利益联结关系,推动乡村产业振兴。

中国粮食生产水土资源配置效率及其影响因素——基于农地流转视角的研究

[目的]研究中国粮食生产水土资源配置效率及其影响因素,为保障粮食安全提供理论支持。[方法]结合农地流转对粮食生产水土资源配置效率的作用机制,基于2005—2020年30个省份的面板数据,利用DEA模型测度了粮食生产水土资源配置的综合效率,探究了农地流转对水土资源配置的影响。[结果]从时间序列来看,中国的粮食生产水土资源配置效率大体上呈现波动性上升趋势。从省份来看,其中河南和吉林等省区在研究期间效率值都为1,实现了DEA有效。安徽、甘肃、宁夏3个省份的粮食生产水土资源配置效率的上升趋势在1%的显著性水平下显著。重庆、浙江、青海和广西4个省份的下降趋势明显;基于空间分布分析得出,地区上水土资源配置效率大致呈现:东北地区>东部地区>中部地区>西部地区。其中河南和吉林省的水土资源配置效率最高,青海省最低。[结论]Tobit回归结果表明农地流转对粮食生产水土资源配置效率有显著影响,并且是有利于提高水土资源配置效率的。