The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-β grain,which leads to a decrease of the tensile behavior and the occurrence of anisotropy.To und...The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-β grain,which leads to a decrease of the tensile behavior and the occurrence of anisotropy.To understand and control the grain evolution,a multiscale simulation is applied to investigate the relationship between the grain selection,growth orientation,and the molten pool morphology with the different deposition layer numbers and processing parameters.The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiments in both qualitative and quantitative ways.Results show that when the grain with unfavorable orientation loses the competitive growth with its neighbors,there will be a great chance that the blocked grain is eliminated in the following layer-and-layer deposition,which leads to the increase of the grain width.The size of the molten pool increases remarkably as the layer number increases,which lays a heavy burden on the stability of the molten pool.The analytical relationship between the molten pool morphology and the grain growth orientation is also deduced.The flat molten pool causes the grains with the <001> direction close to the building direction to have greater survival potential.Besides,decreasing the line power energy shows little effect on the stability of the molten pool and the grain growth orientation,especially when the deposited layer number is large.The revealing mechanisms will help in understanding and further controlling the grain evolution.展开更多
[目的]为Pleurotus eryngii—Co60-7木质素降解酶的分离纯化和综合利用提供试验依据。[方法]采用DEAE—Sepharose^TM Fast Flow离子交换介质，分别考察缓冲液pH值、流速和洗脱方式等对刺芹侧耳木质素降解酶分离纯化的影响，确定了最佳...[目的]为Pleurotus eryngii—Co60-7木质素降解酶的分离纯化和综合利用提供试验依据。[方法]采用DEAE—Sepharose^TM Fast Flow离子交换介质，分别考察缓冲液pH值、流速和洗脱方式等对刺芹侧耳木质素降解酶分离纯化的影响，确定了最佳分离纯化层析条件。[结果]DEAE-Sephalose^TM Fast Flow分离纯化Pleurotus eryngii-Co60-7木质素降解酶的最佳层析条件为：选择20mmol／L，pH值为5．0醋酸钠一醋酸缓冲体系，3ml／min的流速，进行分步洗脱（100、200～300和1000mmoL／L NaCl的三步洗脱），可较好地实现刺芹侧耳发酵液木质素降解酶初分，该纯化操作目标蛋白回收率达85％，纯化分离因素为2．71。[结论]该技术在分离纯化刺芹侧耳木质素降解酶上可行，具有潜在的工业应用价值。展开更多
An artificial neural network is used to predict the performance of fabrics in clothing manufacturing. The predictions are based on fabric mechanical properties measured on the FAST system. The influences of the differ...An artificial neural network is used to predict the performance of fabrics in clothing manufacturing. The predictions are based on fabric mechanical properties measured on the FAST system. The influences of the different ANNs construct on the convergence speed and the prediction accuracy are investigated. The result indicates that the BP neural network is an efficiency technique and has a wide prospect in the application to garment processing.展开更多
This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabric...This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.展开更多
The microstructures on electrode level are crucial for battery performance, but the ambiguous understanding of both electrode microstructures and their structuring process causes critical challenges in controlling and...The microstructures on electrode level are crucial for battery performance, but the ambiguous understanding of both electrode microstructures and their structuring process causes critical challenges in controlling and evaluating the electrode quality during fabrication. In this review, analogous to the cell microenvironment well-known in biology, we introduce the concept of ‘‘active material microenvironment”(ME@AM)that is built by the ion/electron transport structures surrounding the AMs, for better understanding the significance of the electrode microstructures. Further, the scientific significance of electrode processing for electrode quality control is highlighted by its strong links to the structuring and quality control of ME@AM. Meanwhile, the roles of electrode rheology in both electrode structuring and structural characterizations involved in the entire electrode manufacturing process(i.e., slurry preparation, coating/printing/extrusion, drying and calendering) are specifically detailed. The advantages of electrode rheology testing on in-situ characterizations of the electrode qualities/structures are emphasized. This review provides a glimpse of the electrode rheology engaged in electrode manufacturing process and new insights into the understanding and effective regulation of electrode microstructures for future high-performance batteries.展开更多
Indirect additive manufacturing(AM)methods have recently attracted attention from researchers thanks to their great potential for cheap,straightforward,and small-scale production of metallic components.Atomic diffusio...Indirect additive manufacturing(AM)methods have recently attracted attention from researchers thanks to their great potential for cheap,straightforward,and small-scale production of metallic components.Atomic diffusion additive manufacturing(ADAM),a variant of indirect AM methods,is a layer-wise indirect AM process recently developed based on fused deposition modeling and metal injection molding.However,there is still limited knowledge of the process conditions and material properties fabricated through this process,where sintering plays a crucial role in the final consolidation of parts.Therefore,this research,for the first time,systematically investigates the impact of various sintering conditions on the shrinkage,relative density,microstructure,and hardness of the 17-4PH ADAM samples.For this reason,as-washed samples were sintered under different time-temperature combinations.The sample density was evaluated using Archimedes,computed tomography,and image analysis methods.The outcomes revealed that sintering variables significantly impacted the density of brown 17-4PH Stainless Steel samples.The results indicated more than 99% relative densities,higher than the value reported by Markforged Inc.(~96%).Based on parallel porosities observed in the computed tomography results,it can be suggested that by modifying the infill pattern during printing,it would be possible to increase the final relative density.The microhardness of the sintered samples in this study was higher than that of the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.Sintering at 1330℃ for 4 h increased the density of the printed sample without compromising its mechanical properties.According to X-ray diffraction analysis,the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.and“1330℃—4 h”one had similar stable phases,although copper-rich intermetallics were more abundant in the microstructure of reference samples.This study is expected to facilitate the adoption of indirect metal AM methods by different sectors,thanks to the high achievable relative densities reported here.展开更多
目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全...目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。观察各组小鼠的行为学评分,并于评分4分时取各组小鼠的脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾细胞在体外用a-CD3和MOG35~55分别刺激7 d,收集其上清液,ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞上清液和血清中细胞因子白细胞介素17(IL-17)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的含量;流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+IL-17+细胞的百分比;Western blotting检测IL-17及PI3K/Akt/FoxO1在小鼠脊髓中表达。结果与对照组相比,EAE组小鼠行为学评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,EAE组脊髓病理组织表现出炎性浸润和髓鞘脱失显著增多(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,EAE组血清中及体外培养脾细胞的上清中IL-17和IFN-γ的含量明显升高。流式结果表明,EAE组小鼠脾细胞中CD4+IL-17+T细胞的百分比明显增加(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,EAE组小鼠脊髓IL-17、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白水平明显升高,但磷酸化FoxO1(p-FoxO1)蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 EAE组小鼠脊髓中促炎因子IL-17分泌增加,可能与PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号通路活化进而激活T细胞功能有关。展开更多
In order to clarify the connections and differences be.tween KES- F and FAST, fifteen polyester- based fab-rics were selected and the experiments were strictly mea-sured. The test results between the two systems in te...In order to clarify the connections and differences be.tween KES- F and FAST, fifteen polyester- based fab-rics were selected and the experiments were strictly mea-sured. The test results between the two systems in termsof mechanical properties were compared, and highly sig-nificant correlation between two systems were obtaineddespite some considerable differences in the measurementprinciples of KES - F and FAST systems.展开更多
This paper presents an investigation on depo- sition of Inconel-625 using laser rapid manufacturing （LRM） and plasma transferred arc （PTA） deposition in individual and tandem mode. LRM has advantages in terms of d...This paper presents an investigation on depo- sition of Inconel-625 using laser rapid manufacturing （LRM） and plasma transferred arc （PTA） deposition in individual and tandem mode. LRM has advantages in terms of dimensional accuracy, improved mechanical properties, finer process control, reduced heat input and lower thermal distortion, while PTA scores more in terms of lower initial investment, lower running cost and higher deposition rate. To quantify the clubbed advantages and limitations of both processes, these were studied individually and in tandem. A number of samples were deposited at different process parameters like power, scan speed, powder feed rate. They were subjected to tensile test, adhesion-cohesion test, impact test and micro hardness measurement. The results of individual tests showed the comparable mechanical prop- erties with i20% variation. The mixed dendritic-cellular and dendritic-columnar microstructures were respectively observed for LRM and PTA deposits with a distinct inter- face for the case of tandem deposition. The interface strength of tandem deposits was evaluated employing adhesion-cohesion test, and it was found to be （325 i 35） MPa. The study confirmed the viability of LRM and PTA deposition in tandem for hybrid manufacturing.展开更多
Remanufacturing is a key enabler for sustainable production due to its effectiveness in closing the loop on material flows, extending product life cycle and reducing production waste and emission. In this paper, a hol...Remanufacturing is a key enabler for sustainable production due to its effectiveness in closing the loop on material flows, extending product life cycle and reducing production waste and emission. In this paper, a holistic decision support tool to facilitate the product end-of-life （EOL） strategy planning, specifically using remanufactur- ing as a key strategy is presented. The proposed model incorporates checklist methods to evaluate the viability of conducting remanufactufing for a product and its compo- nents. An optimization model for determining the Pareto set of optimal EOL strategies that correspond to maximum economic profit and minimum environmental impact is presented. Since determination of this Pareto set via enu- meration of all EOL strategies is prohibitively time-con- suming, even for a product with a small number of components, genetic algorithm （GA）, specifically NSGA-II has been utilized to achieve rapid calculation of the set of optimum EOL strategies. This NSGA-II method permits extensive sensitivity analysis to understand thoroughly the impact of situational variables, such as reverse logistic cost, technology and replacement part availability, etc., on the EOL decision making, i.e., Pareto front, and thus leading to improved strategy planning and better product design. The case study involving EOL treatment of two types of desktop phones is described to illustrate the utility of the proposed methodology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB1103700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51575304 and No. 51674153)。
文摘The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-β grain,which leads to a decrease of the tensile behavior and the occurrence of anisotropy.To understand and control the grain evolution,a multiscale simulation is applied to investigate the relationship between the grain selection,growth orientation,and the molten pool morphology with the different deposition layer numbers and processing parameters.The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiments in both qualitative and quantitative ways.Results show that when the grain with unfavorable orientation loses the competitive growth with its neighbors,there will be a great chance that the blocked grain is eliminated in the following layer-and-layer deposition,which leads to the increase of the grain width.The size of the molten pool increases remarkably as the layer number increases,which lays a heavy burden on the stability of the molten pool.The analytical relationship between the molten pool morphology and the grain growth orientation is also deduced.The flat molten pool causes the grains with the <001> direction close to the building direction to have greater survival potential.Besides,decreasing the line power energy shows little effect on the stability of the molten pool and the grain growth orientation,especially when the deposited layer number is large.The revealing mechanisms will help in understanding and further controlling the grain evolution.
文摘[目的]为Pleurotus eryngii—Co60-7木质素降解酶的分离纯化和综合利用提供试验依据。[方法]采用DEAE—Sepharose^TM Fast Flow离子交换介质，分别考察缓冲液pH值、流速和洗脱方式等对刺芹侧耳木质素降解酶分离纯化的影响，确定了最佳分离纯化层析条件。[结果]DEAE-Sephalose^TM Fast Flow分离纯化Pleurotus eryngii-Co60-7木质素降解酶的最佳层析条件为：选择20mmol／L，pH值为5．0醋酸钠一醋酸缓冲体系，3ml／min的流速，进行分步洗脱（100、200～300和1000mmoL／L NaCl的三步洗脱），可较好地实现刺芹侧耳发酵液木质素降解酶初分，该纯化操作目标蛋白回收率达85％，纯化分离因素为2．71。[结论]该技术在分离纯化刺芹侧耳木质素降解酶上可行，具有潜在的工业应用价值。
文摘An artificial neural network is used to predict the performance of fabrics in clothing manufacturing. The predictions are based on fabric mechanical properties measured on the FAST system. The influences of the different ANNs construct on the convergence speed and the prediction accuracy are investigated. The result indicates that the BP neural network is an efficiency technique and has a wide prospect in the application to garment processing.
基金This project was generously funded by International Wool Secretariat
文摘This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the start-up projectthe Sichuan-University-Dazhou Joint project(00309053A2037)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiespartially sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘The microstructures on electrode level are crucial for battery performance, but the ambiguous understanding of both electrode microstructures and their structuring process causes critical challenges in controlling and evaluating the electrode quality during fabrication. In this review, analogous to the cell microenvironment well-known in biology, we introduce the concept of ‘‘active material microenvironment”(ME@AM)that is built by the ion/electron transport structures surrounding the AMs, for better understanding the significance of the electrode microstructures. Further, the scientific significance of electrode processing for electrode quality control is highlighted by its strong links to the structuring and quality control of ME@AM. Meanwhile, the roles of electrode rheology in both electrode structuring and structural characterizations involved in the entire electrode manufacturing process(i.e., slurry preparation, coating/printing/extrusion, drying and calendering) are specifically detailed. The advantages of electrode rheology testing on in-situ characterizations of the electrode qualities/structures are emphasized. This review provides a glimpse of the electrode rheology engaged in electrode manufacturing process and new insights into the understanding and effective regulation of electrode microstructures for future high-performance batteries.
文摘Indirect additive manufacturing(AM)methods have recently attracted attention from researchers thanks to their great potential for cheap,straightforward,and small-scale production of metallic components.Atomic diffusion additive manufacturing(ADAM),a variant of indirect AM methods,is a layer-wise indirect AM process recently developed based on fused deposition modeling and metal injection molding.However,there is still limited knowledge of the process conditions and material properties fabricated through this process,where sintering plays a crucial role in the final consolidation of parts.Therefore,this research,for the first time,systematically investigates the impact of various sintering conditions on the shrinkage,relative density,microstructure,and hardness of the 17-4PH ADAM samples.For this reason,as-washed samples were sintered under different time-temperature combinations.The sample density was evaluated using Archimedes,computed tomography,and image analysis methods.The outcomes revealed that sintering variables significantly impacted the density of brown 17-4PH Stainless Steel samples.The results indicated more than 99% relative densities,higher than the value reported by Markforged Inc.(~96%).Based on parallel porosities observed in the computed tomography results,it can be suggested that by modifying the infill pattern during printing,it would be possible to increase the final relative density.The microhardness of the sintered samples in this study was higher than that of the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.Sintering at 1330℃ for 4 h increased the density of the printed sample without compromising its mechanical properties.According to X-ray diffraction analysis,the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.and“1330℃—4 h”one had similar stable phases,although copper-rich intermetallics were more abundant in the microstructure of reference samples.This study is expected to facilitate the adoption of indirect metal AM methods by different sectors,thanks to the high achievable relative densities reported here.
文摘目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/FoxO1和白细胞介素17(IL-17)与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的相关机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为对照组和模型组(EAE),每组30只。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG35~55)联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导建立EAE模型。观察各组小鼠的行为学评分,并于评分4分时取各组小鼠的脊髓、脾脏和外周血。HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色观察脊髓炎性细胞浸润及髓鞘脱失情况;脾细胞在体外用a-CD3和MOG35~55分别刺激7 d,收集其上清液,ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞上清液和血清中细胞因子白细胞介素17(IL-17)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的含量;流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+IL-17+细胞的百分比;Western blotting检测IL-17及PI3K/Akt/FoxO1在小鼠脊髓中表达。结果与对照组相比,EAE组小鼠行为学评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);HE染色及Luxol fast blue染色结果显示,EAE组脊髓病理组织表现出炎性浸润和髓鞘脱失显著增多(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,EAE组血清中及体外培养脾细胞的上清中IL-17和IFN-γ的含量明显升高。流式结果表明,EAE组小鼠脾细胞中CD4+IL-17+T细胞的百分比明显增加(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,EAE组小鼠脊髓IL-17、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白水平明显升高,但磷酸化FoxO1(p-FoxO1)蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 EAE组小鼠脊髓中促炎因子IL-17分泌增加,可能与PI3K/Akt/FoxO1信号通路活化进而激活T细胞功能有关。
文摘In order to clarify the connections and differences be.tween KES- F and FAST, fifteen polyester- based fab-rics were selected and the experiments were strictly mea-sured. The test results between the two systems in termsof mechanical properties were compared, and highly sig-nificant correlation between two systems were obtaineddespite some considerable differences in the measurementprinciples of KES - F and FAST systems.
文摘This paper presents an investigation on depo- sition of Inconel-625 using laser rapid manufacturing （LRM） and plasma transferred arc （PTA） deposition in individual and tandem mode. LRM has advantages in terms of dimensional accuracy, improved mechanical properties, finer process control, reduced heat input and lower thermal distortion, while PTA scores more in terms of lower initial investment, lower running cost and higher deposition rate. To quantify the clubbed advantages and limitations of both processes, these were studied individually and in tandem. A number of samples were deposited at different process parameters like power, scan speed, powder feed rate. They were subjected to tensile test, adhesion-cohesion test, impact test and micro hardness measurement. The results of individual tests showed the comparable mechanical prop- erties with i20% variation. The mixed dendritic-cellular and dendritic-columnar microstructures were respectively observed for LRM and PTA deposits with a distinct inter- face for the case of tandem deposition. The interface strength of tandem deposits was evaluated employing adhesion-cohesion test, and it was found to be （325 i 35） MPa. The study confirmed the viability of LRM and PTA deposition in tandem for hybrid manufacturing.
文摘Remanufacturing is a key enabler for sustainable production due to its effectiveness in closing the loop on material flows, extending product life cycle and reducing production waste and emission. In this paper, a holistic decision support tool to facilitate the product end-of-life （EOL） strategy planning, specifically using remanufactur- ing as a key strategy is presented. The proposed model incorporates checklist methods to evaluate the viability of conducting remanufactufing for a product and its compo- nents. An optimization model for determining the Pareto set of optimal EOL strategies that correspond to maximum economic profit and minimum environmental impact is presented. Since determination of this Pareto set via enu- meration of all EOL strategies is prohibitively time-con- suming, even for a product with a small number of components, genetic algorithm （GA）, specifically NSGA-II has been utilized to achieve rapid calculation of the set of optimum EOL strategies. This NSGA-II method permits extensive sensitivity analysis to understand thoroughly the impact of situational variables, such as reverse logistic cost, technology and replacement part availability, etc., on the EOL decision making, i.e., Pareto front, and thus leading to improved strategy planning and better product design. The case study involving EOL treatment of two types of desktop phones is described to illustrate the utility of the proposed methodology.
