Treading Lightly for Fast Growth

THE Chinese Government announced in early 2012 that the coun- try would continue implementing the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to support a steady and relatively fast economic growth. On August 2, the People＇s Bank of China, Chinas central bank, released the Report on the Implementation of Monetary Policies in Q2 2012, showing the policies＇ effectiveness.

National Economy Maintained a Steady and Fast Growth in 2007

In 2007, the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth, optimized structure, increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people.

Visualizing fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene by tunable isotopic carbon source

The fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil remains a challenge for industrial-scale applications. To achieve the fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene, understanding the detailed dynamics governing the entire growth process--including nucleation, growth, and coalescence is important; however, these remain unexplored. In this study, by using a pulsed carbon isotope labeling technique in conjunction with micro-Raman spectroscopy identification, we visualized the growth dynamics, such as nucleation, growth, and coalescence, during the fast growth of large single- crystalline graphene domains. By tuning the supply of the carbon source, a growth rate of 320 μm/min and the growth of centimeter-sized graphene single crystals were achieved on Cu foil.

Fast growth of graphene on SiO2/Si substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition with floating metal catalysts

Graphene on dielectric substrates is essential for its electronic applications. Graphene is typically synthesized on the surface of metal and then transferred to an appropriate substrate for fabricating device applications. This post growth transfer process is detrimental to the quality and performance of the as-grown graphene. Therefore, direct growth of graphene films on dielectric substrates without any transfer process is highly desirable. However, fast growth of graphene on dielectric substrates remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a transfer-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to directly grow graphene films on dielectric substrates at fast growth rate using Cu as floating catalyst. A large area (centimeter level) graphene can be grown within 15 min using this CVD method, which is increased by 500 times compared to other direct CVD growth on dielectric substrate in the literatures. This research presents a significant progress in transfer-free growth of graphene and graphene device applications.

The National Economy Maintained a Steady and Fast Growth in 2007

In 2007,the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth,optimized structure,increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people. According to preliminary estimation,the gross domestic product (GDP)for the year was 24,661.9 billion yuan,up by 11.4 percent,or 0.3 percentage point higher than that in the previous year,represent-

Effect of Different Ca and P Level on Early Growth of Fast-growth Lines of Wulong Goose

Two hundred and eighty-eight Wulong geese of fast-growth lines were selected to be fattened respectively in netting bed, then divided into eight groups with three replications in each group. The diets contained different contents of Ca and P to determine the best level for the early growth of Wulong goose. The result suggested that, during the early period, the proportion of Ca and NPP (non-Phytate Phosnhorus) had significant influence on its growth (P < 0.05), when the dietary level of Ca was 0.65% and NPP was 0.30% (the proportion of Ca and NPP was 2.17:1), the liveweight gain was higher, so were the eviscerated ratio and eviscerated weight with giblet ratio, feed/gain(F/G) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity at four weeks were lower. The Wulong goose grew well at the proportion between 1.88 : 1 and 2.50 : 1, and grew worst at 1.38 : 1.

Preliminarily study on the maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on gastropods

The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.

Establishment of a transgenic system in fast-growing black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust （Robiniapseudoacacia L.） by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-cultured in vitro for 20 d are suitable for genetic transformation. The optimum concentrations of kanamycin and cefotaxime were 30 and 150 mg.L-1, respectively. Important factors affecting the transformation efficiency were studied by means of a L9（3^4） orthogonal design. An effective system for genetic transformation in black locust was developed as follows： the stems were pre-cultured for 2 d, immersed in the Agrobacterium solution （OD600 = 0.7） with 10 mg·L^-1 acetosyringone for 21 min and then co-cultured for 2 d. The selection pressures, changing from low to high, could improve transformation efficiency. The transgenic plants were identified by a PCR method. The PCR results indicated that the AhDREB1 gene had been integrated into the genome of black locust and two lines of the transgenic plants were obtained.

基于“剪枝+并行”FP-Growth算法的密切接触人员快速追踪技术的研究

利用“剪枝+并行”式FP-Growth优化算法,通过提升计算精度和速度的方式对疫情发生地区确诊患者的密接人员、次密接人员和同时空关联人员实行快速精准的排查。与传统的FP-Growth算法相比,“剪枝+并行”式FP-Growth算法的计算性能得到显著提升。通过对某地区测试者7天内行迹及相关联人员信息进行时间和准确方面的测试比较发现,计算时长缩短了近30%,准确率由82%提升至91%。实验表明,利用优化后的FP-Growth算法能够较好地满足疫情发生地区快速精准确定相关联人员的要求。

复合益生菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究复合益生菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益的影响。试验将600只22日龄且体重(439.52±19.23)g的快速型黄羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只(公母各半)。参考《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量NY/T3645-2020》配制基础日粮,4组分别采用基础日粮+0、200、400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌饲喂。试验为期40 d。结果表明:(1)与0 mg/kg复合益生菌组相比,400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡平均日增重分别显著提高11.32%和10.40%(P<0.05),料重比分别显著降低8.63%和7.91%(P<0.05)。(2)与0 mg/kg复合益生菌组相比,200 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡血清IgA含量显著提高23.25%(P<0.05);400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡血清IgA、IgG含量及法氏囊指数分别显著提高15.50%和26.80%(P<0.05)、17.93%和19.92%(P<0.05)、18.06%和21.94%(P<0.05)。(3)4组快速型黄羽肉鸡饲养经济效益分别为1114.13、1248.18、1322.14、1303.77元,其中400、600 mg/kg复合益生菌组快速型黄羽肉鸡总增重量、增重效益、饲养经济效益均显著高于0 mg/kg复合益生菌组(P<0.05)。结论:在快速型黄羽肉鸡养殖中,复合益生菌能提高生长性能、免疫功能及经济效益,本试验条件下复合益生菌的适宜添加水平为400 mg/kg。

血清胰岛素样生长因子-1联合性激素在RPP女童中的早期诊断价值

目的探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)联合性激素在将快进展型青春期(RPP)女童中的早期诊断价值。方法将2021年3月至2023年3月期间于我院就诊的43例RPP女童作为观察组,将同期于我院接受健康体检的健康女童41例作为对照组。对两组的年龄、体重、身高、出生史资料、性激素水平以及血清IGF-1水平进行对比,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析IGF-1、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)在RPP女童中的诊断价值。结果两组年龄、出生史相关资料、父母矮身材情况、母亲孕期疾病史的等一般资料组间比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿体重、身高水平均较对照组高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组血清IGF-1、LH以及FSH水平更高,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);血清IGF-1、LH、FSH与联合诊断RPP的ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)值分别为0.764、0.673、0.768、0.884,与单一指标诊断比较,联合诊断ROC曲线的AUC值更高(P<0.05),IGF-1246.69μg/L、LH 0.595 U/L、FSH 2.94 U/L为预测RPP的最佳截断值。结论血清IGF-1、LH和FSH在RPP女童中处于较高水平,且IGF-1、LH、FSH水平联合检测对RPP女童的早期预测价值较高,有望成为早期RPP的临床诊断指标。

中国对虾快速生长新品种“黄海1号”的人工选育

中国对虾经过连续6代的群体选育,表现出生长快、抗逆性强等优良的经济性状。选育群体的体长比对照平均增长8.40%,体重增长26.86%。抗逆性强,发病率不足10%,而未经选育的对照池发病率在40%以上。对不同世代进行了遗传结构分析,(1)同工酶:在13个基因位点中,MDH 2、GPI、MPI、PGM 2和PGM 3五个位点呈多态。PGM 3位点上的变异程度最高,其等位基因频率呈递减趋势,选育群体在MPI位点上发现c基因,其等位基因频率呈递增趋势,其平均观察杂合度呈依次递减趋势。(2)RAPD:对5个世代进行了RAPD分析,各世代间多态性比例呈下降趋势,F6代保持了F5水平。遗传分化指数Gst除F3与F4之间遗传分化弱之外,其他世代间已发生了中等程度的分化。(3)SSR:对5个世代进行了8个基因位点分析,共产生108个等位基因,群体间的杂合度呈下降趋势,F6保持了F5水平。遗传分化指数Gst值均小于0.05,说明中国对虾人工选育群体之间存在一定程度的分化,但分化较弱。

太湖蓝藻暴发的气象条件研究

通过对1986—2007年12个太湖蓝藻暴发典型个例的分析,得出:水体污染造成富营养化是蓝藻生长发育和暴发的基础,日平均气温偏高、降雨量和降雨日数偏少、气压偏低、日照时数偏多有利于蓝藻生长发育和暴发;水质、气象等要素的综合作用是蓝藻暴发的主要原因。

长牡蛎第三代选育群体生长性状的选择效应

为了培育长牡蛎的高产抗逆新品种,实验采用群体选育方法构建了中国、日本和韩国3个种群的快速生长选育系,2007年至今已连续进行了6代选育。本实验对长牡蛎选育F3代壳高和活体体质量的增长、选择反应和遗传获得等遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明,从第120日龄开始,中国、日本和韩国3个选育群体的壳高和活体体质量均显著高于对照组,在420日龄时,平均壳高较对照组分别高13.4%、10.1%和10.5%,平均活体体质量较对照组分别重18.5%、13.4%和11.6%;壳高的平均现实遗传力分别为0.447±0.226、0.471±0.297和0.367±0.167,表明适于对壳高的生长速度进行进一步的选育。长牡蛎中国、日本和韩国选育F3代活体体质量的遗传获得平均值分别为16.01%±3.82%、15.03%±5.21%和11.57%±5.15%,表明对长牡蛎壳高的生长速度进行选育时,活体体质量的生长速度也得到了明显提高。本研究结果可以为长牡蛎快速生长品系的连续选育提供依据。

不同钙磷水平对五龙鹅快长系早期生长发育的影响

选用1d五龙鹅快长系288只进行网床育肥试验,分为8组,每组设3个重复。各组试验日粮钙磷不同水平,以探讨适合五龙鹅早期生长发育的最佳钙磷水平。结果表明,在早期的生长发育过程中,不同钙磷水平对五龙鹅快长系雏鹅的生长发育有显著影响(P<0.05),饲粮钙水平为0.65%,磷水平为0.30%,钙磷比例为2.17∶1时,体增重最高,料重比最低,半净膛率和全净膛率较高,4周血浆AKP活性也最低;钙磷比在1.88～2.50∶1范围内能生长良好;钙磷比为1.38∶1时,雏鹅生产性能最差。

火炬松引种家系的遗传变异及速生稳定性综合评价

以国内早期引种的湿地松Pinuselliottii和福建乡土树种马尾松Pinusmassoniana为对照,对从美国种子园引种的21个火炬松Pinustaeda家系及国内早期引种种子园采种的4个火炬松家系进行遗传变异研究.结果表明:火炬松在福建省的总体生长表现优于对照湿地松和福建乡土树种马尾松,树高、胸径、材积等性状在家系间差异显著,且受中等以上遗传力所控制,遗传变异系数多在4 5%以上.火炬松生长性状5年生生长量的家系方差、地点方差和基因型与地点互作方差均达显著水平.通过对生产力指数和回归系数进行二维散点图聚类分析,最终确定25、19、18号家系为速生平均稳定家系,具有广泛的适应性,可在造林区普遍推广;20、17、23、24、22、16号家系为速生不稳定家系,特别适应于优良环境.

凡纳滨对虾快速生长家系选育的初步研究

采用群体选择和家系选择相结合的方法,收集有代表性的优良群体103个,经过2代的群体选育,保留5个基础群体进行家系选育,育出全同胞家系180个,半同胞家系60个,选留其中的35个家系作为下一代的亲本,选育的D2家系生长速度与进口F1代相接近,养殖有效积温2 000℃时体重分别为26.17 g和26.47 g,抗WSSV能力较进口F1代强,感染WSSV 5 d死亡率分别为53.57%和72.73%。提出用等同的有效积温的体重来比较不同家系的生长,用生长速度、存活率和个体均匀度作为家系选育的指标。

2007年太湖蓝藻暴发的气象条件分析

[目的]分析2007年太湖蓝藻大暴发的主要气象因素。[方法]以邻近太湖的东山气象站观测资料为代表,分析了2007年太湖蓝藻暴发时气象条件与同期历史气象条件的关系。[结果]气温持续偏高和光照充足,为蓝藻的正常生长发育提供了热量保障;少雨和平均风速偏小为蓝藻颗粒的上浮和聚集而形成水华提供了保障。[结论]2007年太湖蓝藻大暴发主要是由气候条件异常所造成的。所以,应加强气象条件与蓝藻暴发的关系研究,提高太湖蓝藻的气象预警能力。

毛竹林爆发式生长期立竹器官营养成分的动态变化

为了探讨毛竹Phyllostachys edulis爆发式生长与营养物质积累的关系,在毛竹爆发式生长期的4,5,6月中旬分别采集不同年龄(1,3,5年生)立竹器官(叶、枝、秆、鞭)样品,测定氮、磷、钾、钙和镁质量分数,分析不同年龄立竹间差异。结果表明:在毛竹爆发式生长期,相同年龄立竹叶、枝、秆、鞭中的养分质量分数存在差异,氮、磷、钾、钙和镁质量分数竹叶中最高,平均分别为23.18,2.51,12.28,4.08,和0.96 g·kg-1;竹鞭次之,竹秆中最低;氮、磷、钾质量分数竹叶4月较低,5月和6月较高,而在竹枝、竹秆、竹鞭中则是4月较高,5月和6月较低;不同年龄立竹相同器官的营养元素质量分数也存在差异,且不同营养元素的动态变化规律亦不相同。在显著水平为0.05的条件下,4月,叶、枝、秆中氮、磷、钾质量分数1年生立竹高于3年生和5年生立竹;5月,竹叶中钾质量分数随竹龄增加而减少,叶、鞭中氮质量分数1年生和3年生立竹显著高于5年生立竹;6月,竹叶中氮和磷质量分数1年生立竹显著低于3年生和5年生立竹,竹鞭中氮和磷质量分数1年生立竹显著高于3年生和5年生立竹;5-6月,不同年龄立竹叶、枝、秆中镁质量分数均差异不显著。研究表明:毛竹在爆发式生长期立竹器官营养物质存在明显的生理整合作用。

P3HT∶PCBM薄膜成膜过程对聚合物太阳能电池性能的影响

P3HT：PCBM薄膜的快速和缓慢成膜过程能显著的改变异质结聚合物太刚能电池性能。通过调节旋转时间以及薄膜退火前的间隔时间，研究了P3HT：PCBM混合薄膜缓慢生长所需最佳时间。结果表明，在转速800r·min^-1下旋涂薄膜，经过50-80s的旋涂，接着放置样品薄膜30min以上，然后再对薄膜进行退火处理，电池效率可以达到3％以上，而快速成膜的电池效率只有1．8％左右。合理的P3HT和PCBM相分离促进了相应载流子的跳跃和传输，是提高电池效率的根本原闪。研究结果为准确掌控缓慢生长的混合薄膜提供了时间窗口。