基于Kano-FAST的瓦楞纸激光印刷设备设计研究

目的推动印刷行业朝更高效的方向迈进,提高印刷设备的易操作性和视觉识别性。方法将Kano和FAST(Function Analysis System Technique)模型引入瓦楞纸激光打印设备设计的前期应用需求分析中,通过问卷的方法获取用户的基本要求,并划分为几个子类型,进而建立Kano的二维功能属性模型。采用FAST法建立功能树,辅助使用Kano模型,从而更精准地分析用户需求,并更好地根据其需求进行优化设计。结果综合运用设计原理,针对性地挖掘瓦楞纸激光印刷设备在造型识别性、操作易用性、生产安全性上存在的问题,进而输出更优解。结论该设计方法的引入有助于为同类型的印刷设备设计提供参考,并引起更多相关厂家的重视,推动印刷行业向更积极的方向发展。

Model-based design method of two-axis four-actuator fast steering mirror system

This work was focused on the model-based design method of two-axis four-actuator(TAFA) fast steering mirror system(FSM), in order to improve the design efficiency. The structure and operation principle commonality of normal TAFA FSM were investigated. Based on the structure and the commonality, the conditions of single-axis idea, high-frequency resonance and coupling were modeled gradually. Combining these models, a holonomic system model was established to reflect and predict the performance of TAFA FSM. A model-based design method was proposed based on the holonomic system model. The design flow and design concept of the method were described. In accordance with the method, a TAFA FSM was designed. Simulations and experiments of the FSM were done, and the results of them were compared. The compared results indicate that the holonomic system model can well reflect and predict the performance of TAFA FSM. The bandwidth of TAFA FSM is more than 250 Hz; adjust time is less than 15 ms;overshoot is less than 8%; position accuracy is better than 10 μrad; the FSM prototype can satisfy the requirements.

基于Kano-FAST-FBS的智能扫地机改良设计研究

目的智能扫地机是智能家居生活中不可或缺的产品,但现有扫地机交互性和功能性趋于一致,为了有效识别居家清扫需求,进一步提升交互性和趣味性,并将其科学转化为产品的功能要素及结构参数,提出一种基于Kano-FAST-FBS模型的产品改良设计方法,以提升智能家居产品的满意度。方法首先,基于Kano模型量化评估智能家居产品的用户需求属性,获得用户需求优先级;其次,运用功能分析系统技术(FAST)将用户需求分别转化为对应的产品功能要素;最后,以功能-行为-结构(FBS)设计模型为基础,实现了产品功能到结构参数的合理映射,进而得到改良产品的各个结构模块,输出最终设计方案。结果以扫地机器人为例,验证了基于Kano-FAST-FBS模型的设计流程。结论在该方法指导下的产品设计能系统地解决用户需求和功能结构模块之间的匹配问题,从而得出更符合用户功能预期的设计方案,并可以为其他类似产品设计提供参考思路。

基于FAST-FAHP理论的洗鞋机设计研究

为改善用户的脚部健康问题,探索彻底清洁鞋子的方法,提出一种FAHP(模糊层次分析法)和FAST(功能分析系统技术法)相结合的研究方法。首先,通过FAHP进行用户需求分析,创建模糊判断矩阵,求得权重值;其次,根据FAST将产品功能与用户需求相结合,创建功能树并进行功能分析;最后,将权重值和产品功能树相结合,设计出一款方便用户使用的鞋子清洗产品。整体上实现从需求到功能再到具体产品设计的理论探索,以及洗鞋机从原理、外观、结构等方面的可行性验证,完成从理论到实践的具体性要求。FAST-FAHP理论模式和产品具体设计的结合,有利于设计师在具体产品设计中针对大量的用户需求寻求设计侧重点,从而帮助设计师在实际设计中更加科学、有效地进行设计活动。

Aerodynamic/stealth design of S-duct inlet based on discrete adjoint method

It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.

Model Interpretation Development: Analysis Design of Automatic Control System

Currently the development of automatic control system is mainly based on manual design. This has made the develop-ment process complicated and has made it difficult to guarantee system requirement. This paper presents a Model in-terpretation development architecture built on meta-models and model interpretation. In this modeling and developing process, different meta-models or domain models may be constructed in terms of various system requirements. Inter-preters are used to transform the meta-model into relevant domain model and generate some other formats from do-main models, typically with different semantic domains. An interpretation extension interface is introduced, which can be accelerated to develop the model interpreter. This development architecture can improve system reusability and en-hance development efficiency. Finally, an example is introduced to explain the advantage of method.

基于FAST-GRA-AHP的住院部病房陪护家具设计与评估

基于FAST-GRA-AHP法对住院部病房陪护家具进行设计与评估,提出优化措施并确定最终方案。首先,运用FAST功能分析系统技术,将调研内容进行梳理并转化为具体的设计要素,形成清晰的设计框架,输出两种设计方案。其次,采用灰色加权关联度分析法,对设计示范进行可行性评价,依据需求要素,使用AHP构建评价指标,并计算评价指标权重及灰色加权关联度得分。最后,再根据每个方案的设计指标得分,逐条分析进行改良迭代,并提出优化措施,从而得到最终方案。

基于UBmap/AHP/FAST的医院建筑火灾应急避难装置设计

为提高医院火灾应急避难能力,针对医院住院楼建筑,设计一款在火灾下能及时进行应急避难、安全逃脱的装置产品。集合用户行为地图(UBmap)、层次分析法(AHP)、功能分析系统技术法(FAST),融入整体设计构架中,探究应急避难装置产品的用户需求以及相关产品设计要素。将医院住院楼建筑环境特点及患者人群对火灾的逃生行为过程融入UBmap中,构建行为旅程图,推测并提取各个阶段需求指标;再通过AHP/FAST聚合方法,对需求指标进行重要度排序,并转化为主次功能进行分析求解,以此推断产品设计定位与功能逻辑的准确性,完成设计方案生产。综合UBmap/AHP/FAST为依据的理论模型,运用到医院住院楼建筑火灾下的避难装置设计开发流程中,并运用ANSYS Workbench软件有限元分析方案,进一步验证校核该设计的整体装置强度与可行性。结果表明:将不同的方法融合分析,系统性地对产品展开分析设计与实现且进行仿真检验,减少设计过程中的薄弱环节与不确定性问题,能够使设计更具系统性与科学性,达到降低避难装置的生产成本、实现安全效率化、防灾减灾的目标。

Design scheme for fast charging station for electric vehicles with distributed photovoltaic power generation

The demand for fast charging is increasing owing to the rapid expansion of the market for electric vehicles. In addition, the power generation technology for distributed photovoltaic has matured. This paper presents a design scheme for a fast charging station for electric vehicles equipped with distributed photovoltaic power generation system taking the area with certain conditions in Beijing as an example construction site. The technical indexes and equipment lectotype covering the general framework and subsystems of the charging station are determined by analyzing the charging service demand of fast charging stations. In this study, the layout of the station is developed and the operation benefits of the station is analyzed. The design scheme realizes the design objective of "rationalization, modularization and intelligentization" of the fast charging station and can be used as reference for the construction of a fast charging network in urban area.

Chemical interaction motivated structure design of layered metal carbonate hydroxide/MXene composites for fast and durable lithium ion storage

Rational architecture design has turned out to be an effective strategy in improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for batteries.However,an elaborate structure that could simultaneously endow active materials with promoted reaction reversibility,accelerated kinetic and restricted volume change still remains a huge challenge.Herein,a novel chemical interaction motivated structure design strategy has been proposed,and a chemically bonded Co(CO_(3))_(0.5)OH·0.11 H_(2)O@MXene(CoCH@MXene)layered-composite was fabricated for the first time.In such a composite,the chemical interaction between Co^(2+)and MXene drives the growth of smaller-sized CoCH crystals and the subsequent formation of interwoven CoCH wires sandwiched in-between MXene nanosheets.This unique layered structure not only encourages charge transfer for faster reaction dynamics,but buffers the volume change of CoCH during lithiation-delithiation process,owing to the confined crystal growth between conductive MXene layers with the help of chemical bonding.Besides,the sandwiched interwoven CoCH wires also prevent the stacking of MXene layers,further conducive to the electrochemical performance of the composite.As a result,the as-prepared CoCH@MXene anode demonstrates a high reversible capacity(903.1 mAh g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1))and excellent cycling stability(maintains 733.6 mAh g^(-1)at1000 mA g^(-1)after 500 cycles)for lithium ion batteries.This work highlights a novel concept of layerby-layer chemical interaction motivated architecture design for futuristic high performance electrode materials in energy storage systems.

融合A-Kano与FAST的童车创新设计方法

为促进国内童车发展,改善产品同质化的现象,提出一种融合A-Kano与FAST的产品创新设计方法。以用户核心需求为导向,通过市场调研与用户访谈获取需求,采用A-Kano模型获取用户需求类别,以建立功能需求层级塔;运用FAST法将用户需求转化为产品功能,建立FAST功能树,得到儿童滑板车涉及的设计因素;依据功能树建立造型矩阵,通过设计分析得出最佳方案;以儿童滑板车为例进行应用,以验证其可行性。A-Kano和FAST结合能形成一种需求—功能—造型的设计过程,实现从需求分析到功能设计的精准映射,强化需求与功能间的联系,从而有效提升用户对产品的使用体验,为产品创新设计提供新思路。

Fast-bunching design of compact heavy ion RFQ linac

We propose the construction of a compact linac as the injector of a cancer therapy facility at the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). Based on a traditional setup, a new compact fast-bunching design is first introduced to optimize the 600 keV/u RFQ with a 0.05 pm A ^(12)C^(4+) beam. This shortens the RFQ structure length from the standard design value of272–230 cm while effectively regulating the particle loss and emittance growth. In addition, a detailed error analysis was performed after the optimization process. The error sources cover input beam parameters errors, machining errors and alignment errors. The simulation results show that the beam loss and emittance growth of the RFQ are acceptable and within typical ranges of error.

基于FAST的酒店紫外线消毒产品概念设计

目的针对后疫情时代用户对酒店消毒产品功能多样化需求的考虑,对传统消毒产品进行创新设计,给用户提供高效、智能化的紫外线消毒产品。方法首先运用因素分析法(SET)从社会、经济、技术三因素入手,明确新形势下酒店消毒产品潜在需求及改进方向;其次,结合层次分析法(AHP)对各需求量化排序,挖掘用户核心需求;以此为参考,借助功能分析系统技术法(FAST)对用户需求定义求解,以合乎逻辑的方式实现需求至产品功能的层次映射,最后通过设计一款紫外线消毒概念车以验证上述集成创新理论框架的适用性。结论融合SET/AHP/FAST理论优势的集成方法能充分发掘用户潜在需求并实现需求至功能的逻辑转化,在一定程度上弥补了AHP-FAST在用户需求分析阶段的滞后性,为产品概念创新提供系统的理论方法。

基于KANO-AHP-FAST的病房陪护机器人设计

文章从用户需求和用户体验出发,分析面向老年患者的病房陪护机器人产品设计策略。采用KANO-AHP-FAST模型,从老年慢性病患者角度对病房陪护机器人功能需求进行定量和定性的分析,获得综合权重,建立产品功能模型,确定产品结构模块和关键技术,提高产品设计的科学性和目的性。结合老年用户生理和心理认知特点优化用户体验,建立多通道的自然交互界面,提出适老化的人机交互设计思考,为病房陪护机器人的设计提供参考。

基于用户需求导向的智能座舱柔性试验台概念设计集成方法

为解决传统座舱试验台结构同质化及模块化设计不足等问题,采用亲和图法整理了汽车故障及用户初始需求;采用模糊Kano模型进行需求指标权重计算,并结合质量特性要素进行用户核心需求汇总;通过功能分析系统技术(Function Analysis System Technique,FAST)黑箱模型将用户需求转化为功能需求,并引入公理设计(Axiomatic Design,AD)理论与功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)模型进行逐级映射,最终确定智能座舱柔性试验台的结构设计要素。该设计过程以用户核心需求为导向,通过FAST-AD-FBS集成方法的应用,克服了传统产品概念设计中用户需求与产品功能结构设计间存在矛盾的问题,为提高产品创新设计的完整性及准确性提供了理论参考。

日本HEAS-02-2022《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》介绍

日本HEAS-02《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》已经持续应用了30多年,对我国医院建设影响较大。历经4次修订,最新颁布的2022版是由医学主席在疫情中主持修订的,鉴于气溶胶新的传播特性提出了相应的合适措施。在医疗环境控制方面提出了许多新的思路与措施,局部修订了空气洁净度级别和各医疗科室的通风要求。依据感染管理风险评估及推荐强度与证据质量实施合理的医疗环境控制,并对一些关注点进行了澄清。

基于Style 3D针织运动装虚拟设计与应用

基于Style 3D虚拟服装试衣软件,通过对虚拟试衣技术现状的分析,以针织运动装作为虚拟试衣对象,从四个部分进行展开,包含人体建模,版片的三维排布与缝合,运动装面料仿真与试穿效果展示,以及驳样改款与模块组合。借助于三维面料扫描技术获取面料材质纹理和相关辅料配件,进一步丰富针织运动装的装饰效果。3D快速驳样改款和虚拟展示能有效地优化设计过程,针织运动装模块组合模拟应用适应快时尚节奏下改款搭配的需求,根据现有版型快速驳样改款亦是对传统设计与展示模式的一种突破。

实验快堆堆顶固定屏蔽的研制

对实验快堆的堆顶固定屏蔽进行研制,具体包括结构设计、包装设计、焊接工艺、现场安装。采用累计厚度650mm的蛇纹石混凝土,对中子辐射和高温热辐射进行屏蔽。设置厚度145mm的绝热矿渣棉隔热层,强化隔热效果。针对堆顶固定屏蔽分体式结构特点,采用反变形法、辅助横梁等措施,在重力载荷、安装载荷、焊接变形等因素影响下,现场组装后最大中心挠度约为8mm,满足我国实验快堆的屏蔽需求。

面向应用的联邦学习研究评述:基于“要素-过程”框架

打破数据孤岛,促进数据流通合作是数字化时代的重要课题。随着数据安全和隐私保护受到广泛关注,传统的以数据集中为主的合作模式受到挑战。联邦学习为解决这一现实问题提供技术解决方案,但是其进一步应用还面临诸多困难。本文从技术应用和技术管理的角度,收集联邦学习的相关文献并进行文献计量分析,提出基于“要素-过程”的联邦学习应用框架。该框架围绕基础设施、节点数据、算法模型、联邦参与方4个关键要素,遵从发起、执行、评估、治理4个核心过程,形成“4+4”的技术应用模型。我们依据此模型梳理和分析联邦学习技术应用的现状,提出联邦学习应用进一步发展需要解决的关键科学问题。本文对推动联邦学习技术在经济管理领域的深入应用具有一定的意义。

FAST望远镜馈源支撑中的力学问题及其研究进展

500m口径球面射电望远镜FAST拥有多项创新和关键技术,并涉及多个工程学科领域,其中力学在望远镜设备的研制、建设和维护中扮演了非常重要的角色,包括望远镜台址的开挖与支护、反射面系统和馈源支撑系统等的设计均离不开对有关力学问题的分析.本文对十多年来FAST望远镜的馈源支撑系统中与力学方面相关的研究进展进行了全面回顾,重点介绍了当前的研究难点及其有待深入解决的问题.与传统望远镜的刚性馈源支撑相比FAST馈源支撑是一个完全创新的柔性机构,几乎在每一项子系统和机构单元的设计中均存在多种可能的方案设想,需要从中进行优化选择.从力学角度对每一种方案进行性能评估,为最终的方案优化设计提供合理依据也是当前研究工作的一项紧迫任务.