Serum neuronal pentraxin 2 is related to cognitive dysfunction and electroencephalogram slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio in epilepsy

BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction in epileptic patients is a high-incidence complication.Its mechanism is related to nervous system damage during seizures,but there is no effective diagnostic biomarker.Neuronal pentraxin 2(NPTX2)is thought to play a vital role in neurotransmission and the maintenance of synaptic plasticity.This study explored how serum NPTX2 and electroencephalogram(EEG)slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio relate to cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.AIM To determine if serum NPTX2 could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients.METHODS The participants of this study,conducted from January 2020 to December 2021,comprised 74 epilepsy patients with normal cognitive function(normal group),37 epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction[epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction(ECD)group]and 30 healthy people(control group).The minimental state examination(MMSE)scale was used to evaluate cognitive function.We determined serum NPTX2 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit and calculated the signal value of EEG regions according to the EEG recording.Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between serum NPTX2 and the MMSE score.RESULTS The serum NPTX2 level in the control group,normal group and ECD group were 240.00±35.06 pg/mL,235.80±38.01 pg/mL and 193.80±42.72 pg/mL,respectively.The MMSE score was lowest in the ECD group among the three,while no significant difference was observed between the control and normal groups.In epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction,NPTX2 level had a positive correlation with the MMSE score(r=0.367,P=0.0253)and a negative correlation with epilepsy duration(r=−0.443,P=0.0061)and the EEG slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio value in the temporal region(r=−0.339,P=0.039).CONCLUSION Serum NPTX2 was found to be related to cognitive dysfunction and the EEG slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio in patients with epilepsy.It is thus a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy.

Shear-wave splitting in the crust:Regional compressive stress from polarizations of fast shear-waves

When propagating through anisotropic rocks in the crust, shear-waves split into faster and slower components with almost orthogonal polarizations. For nearly vertical propagation the polarization of fast shear- wave （PFS） is parallel to both the strike of the cracks and the direction of maximum horizontal stress, therefore it is possible to use PFS to study stress in the crust. This study discusses several examples in which PFS is applied to deduce the compressive stress in North China, Longmenshan fault zone of east edge of Tibetan plateau and Yunnan zone of southeast edge of Tibetan plateau, also discusses temporal variations of PFS orientations of 1999 Xiuyan earthquake sequences of northeastern China. The results are consistent to those of other independent traditional stress measurements. There is a bridge between crustal PFS and the crustal principal compressive stress although there are many unclear disturbance sources. This study suggests the PFS results could be used to deduce regional and in situ principal compressive stress in the crust only if there are enough seismic stations and enough data. At least, PFS is a useful choice in the zone where there are a large number of dense seismic stations.

Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Yunnan,China:Polarizations of fast shear-waves

Using seismic data recorded by Yunnan Telemetry Seismic Network from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2003, the dominant polarization directions of fast shear-waves are obtained at 10 digital seismic stations by SAM technique, a systematic analysis method on shear-wave splitting, in this study. The results show that dominant directions of polarizations of fast shear-waves at most stations are mainly at nearly N-S or NNW direction in Yunnan. The dominant polarization directions of fast shear-waves at stations located on the active faults are consistent with the strike of active faults, directions of regional principal compressive strains measured from GPS data, and basically consistent with regional principal compressive stress. Only a few of stations.show complicated polarization pattern of fast shear-waves, or are not consistent with the strike of active faults and the directions of principal GPS compressive strains, which are always located at junction of several faults. The result reflects complicated fault distribution and stress field. The dominant polarization direction of fast shear-wave indicates the direction of the in-situ maximum principal compressive stress is controlled by multiple tectonic aspects such as the regional stress field and faults.

Effect of material parameters on stress wave propagation during fast upsetting

Based on a dynamic analysis method and an explicit algorithm,a dynamic explicit finite element code was developed for modeling the fast upsetting process of block under drop hammer impact,in which the hammer velocity during the deformation was calculated by energy conservation law according to the operating principle of hammer equipment.The stress wave propagation and its effect on the deformation were analyzed by the stress and strain distributions.Industrial pure lead,oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper and 7039 aluminum alloy were chosen to investigate the effect of material parameters on the stress wave propagation.The results show that the stress wave propagates from top to bottom of block,and then reflects back when it reaches the bottom surface.After that,stress wave propagates and reflects repeatedly between the upper surface and bottom surface.The stress wave propagation has a significant effect on the deformation at the initial stage,and then becomes weak at the middle-final stage.When the ratio of elastic modulus or the slope of stress-strain curve to mass density becomes larger,the velocity of stress wave propagation increases,and the influence of stress wave on the deformation becomes small.

Investigation of the fast magnetosonic wave excited by the Alfvén wave phase mixing by using the Hall–MHD model in inhomogeneous plasma

The inhomogeneity is introduced by a nonzero density gradient which separates the plasma into two different regions where plasma density are constant.The Alfvén waves,the phase mixing and the fast magnetosonic wave are excited by the boundary condition in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma.By using the Hall–magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model,it is found that there are Alfvén waves in the homogeneous regions,while the phase mixing appears in the inhomogeneous region.The interesting result is that a fast magnetosonic wave is excited in a different direction which has a nonzero angle between the wave propagation direction and the direction of the background magnetic field.The dependence of the propagation direction of the excited fast magnetosonic wave and its strength of the magnetic field on the plasma parameters are given numerically.The results show that increasing both the driving frequency and the ratio of magnetic pressure to thermal pressure will increase the acceleration of the electrons.The electron acceleration also depends on the inhomogeneity parameters.

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block.Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block,and Yangtze block,where several faults intersect.This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes.In this study,we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region.We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area.Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE.a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area.The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study-area.This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults.The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures.The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km.slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan.This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.

Fast Prediction of Acoustic Radiation from a Hemi-capped Cylindrical Shell in Waveguide

以便在波导从结构预言声学的放射，一个方法基于波浪重叠被建议，在哪个空间草地函数被用来匹配相等的来源的力量。另外，以便从边界忽视健全思考的效果，必要处理被进行，它使方法更有效。而且，这个方法与健全繁殖算法被相结合预言声音在波导从圆柱的壳放射了。数字模拟看思考怎么能被忽视的效果在结构和边界之间的距离是否超过结构的最大的线性尺寸。它也证明从波导的底部的思考能乘飞机被接近有条件地飘动。建议方法在计算更柔韧、有效，它能被用来在波导预言声学的放射。

基于FastICA的高压直流输电线路故障测距方法

提出了采用快速独立分量分析(FastICA)的高压直流输电线路(HVDC)单端行波故障测距方法。利用FastICA算法对故障后的直流输电线路电流信号进行处理,分离出电流行波特征信号,检测初始行波波头与第二个行波波头到达测量点的时间,并判断这两个波头的极性关系,实现了故障测距。应用Matlab软件,建立了HVDC系统模型,对多种故障类型进行了故障测距仿真。结果表明,该方法可准确区分中点内外故障,正确有效。

快压缩P_(1)波在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量传输特性

基于弹性波在冻结饱和多孔介质与单相弹性介质中的传播理论,选取了饱和冻土中传播速度最大的快压缩P 1波入射在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量传输问题。根据分界面上的边界条件,推导出了快压缩P 1波从饱和冻土介质入射到弹性基岩分界面上透反射振幅比和能量率的解析表达式。研究了快压缩P_(1)波入射在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量与入射角度,入射频率,温度(含冰量),孔隙率,胶结参数以及接触参数的关系。研究结果表明:当入射角度为0°时仅存在压缩波,达到临界角后透射P波消失;各种波在达到临界角时出现不同程度的脉冲,其中反射P_(1)波最为显著;随着胶结参数,孔隙率,接触参数的增大,临界角越早出现;入射频率仅对反射P_(2),P_(3)和S_(2)波的能量反射率影响较大;当温度和含冰量较低或较高时,均不利于反射S_(2)波的能量产生。

100 kHz弹光调制器多功能调制仿真

针对弹光调制器(photoelastic modulator,PEM)在超高速全偏振领域的测量问题,研究一种目标频率在100 kHz附近的圆型PEM,由弹光晶体和2个方位角相差45°的压电驱动器组成。通过理论计算弹光晶体谐振频率和压电驱动器振动频率,当二者频率达到一致时,PEM工作在谐振状态,此时PEM的调制效率达到最高。当PEM达到谐振状态并趋于稳定后,调节两压电驱动器驱动电压的幅值与相位,实现纯驻波模式和纯行波模式两种特殊调制,纯驻波模式可实现纯电控制下调制快轴的延迟量和方位角;纯行波模式可实现纯电控制下调制快轴以PEM谐振频率的半频速度高速旋转。最后,利用COMSOL有限元仿真模拟两种调制模式下PEM,验证两种调制状态下的PEM振型及其快轴方向,表明PEM可实现多功能弹光调制,为后续偏振测量提供理论支撑。

一种新的复波恢复方法——FastICA

在进行数字全息重构过程中,常用的方法如衍射和滤波方法都会受到零级项和共轭项的影响,造成对复波的振幅和相位信息的损失,无法有效地恢复复波。提出一种基于快速独立分量分析(Fast Independent Component Analysis,FastICA)的方法来进行复波恢复,通过CCD获取同一物体的3幅干涉全息图来构成观测信号,然后用FastICA从被观测信号中分离出只包含复波振幅和相位的信息,从而有效抑制了零级项。实验结果表明,这种方法可以较好地恢复原复波的振幅和相位,在频谱混叠的情况下,能有效恢复原来复波信号。

Fast and accurate analysis of electromagnetic scattering from targets situated in dielectric half space

Electromagnetic scattering from targets situated in half space is solved by applying fast inhomogeneous plane wave algorithm combined with a tabulation and interpolation method. The integral equation is set up based on derivation of dyadic Green＇s functions in this environment. The coupling is divided into nearby region and well-separated region by grouping. The Green＇s function can be divided into two parts： primary term and reflected term. In the well-separated region, the two terms are both expressed as Sommerfeld integral, which can be accelerated by deforming integral path and taking interpolation and extrapolation. For the nearby region, the direct Sommerfeld integral makes the filling of impedance matrix time-expensive. A tabulation and interpolation method is applied to speed up this process. This infinite integral is pre-computed in sampling region, and a two-dimensional table is then set up. The impedance elements can then be obtained by interpolation. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this algorithm.

The characteristics of shear wave splitting in the source region of the April 20,2013 Lushan earthquake

Using seismic data of the aftershocks sequence of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake recorded by seismic temporary and permanent stations in the source region, with the visual inspection of particle motion diagrams, this paper preliminarily contains the polarization directions of fast shear wave and the time-delays of split shear waves at every station, and analyzes the crustal anisotropic characteristics in the source region. In the study area, the polarization direc- tions at stations BAX, TQU, L 132, L 133, L 134, and L 135 are northeast, which is consistent with the strike of Dachuan- Shuangshi fault. There are two polarization directions at MDS and L131, which are northeast and southeast. The scatter of polarization directions suggests the complex stress field around these two stations where two faults intersect. For the normalized time-delays at every station, the range is 1.02-8.64 ms/km. The largest time-delay is from L134 which is closest to the mainshock, and the smallest one is from L133. The variations in time-delays show the decreasing at stations BAX, L134, and L135 because of the stress-relaxation after earthquake.

Dynamic response of utility tunnel during the passage of Rayleigh waves

The modeling methodologies and calculation of dynamic response of underground structure under Rayleigh waves is investigated in this paper. First the free field responses under Rayleigh waves are analyzed and the numerical results agree well with the theoretical results. Then, the approximate Rayleigh waves are put forward based on the preliminary re- search, and Rayleigh wave field is obtained through fast Fourier transform technique. Taking a utility tunnel as an example, its dynamic responses under Rayleigh waves is calculated by ABAQUS. The results demonstrate that bending deformation is the main component of structural deformation and the deformation at the top of the structure is about twice as much as that at bottom of the structure. The effect of soil-structure interface and the buried depth of underground structure are also investi- gated via parameter analysis. For the shallow buffed underground structures, Rayleigh waves can be the key factor to control the responses and damage of the structure.

Hilbert Transferin Applied to Separation of Waves

The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is applicable to both regular and irregular trains; of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experiments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily obtained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improvement of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conducted and compared with Goda's method and satisfactory results are obtained.

FAST电磁波宁静区人类活动时空分布特征

为探究FAST电磁波宁静区内人类活动的时空分布特征,以2008年、2011年、2013年、2017年4期Landat8影像为数据源,结合空间自相关分析、地形位指数、地形分布指数等方法,从土地利用和人类活动强度(HAILS)的变化角度分析了FAST电磁波宁静区内人类活动的时空演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)草地和林地为主要地类,建设用地和草地呈现增加态势,耕地、林地及水域面积均呈现减少态势;(2)以2011年为界,人类活动强度呈现出先减后增的变化趋势,且整体上具有显著的空间聚集性,主要集中在边远区和中间区;(3)人类活动受地形因子的影响较大,其强度随地形梯度的上升而下降,建设用地主要分布在低地形位梯度区域(Ⅰ—Ⅱ级),林地主要分布在高地形位梯度区域(Ⅴ—Ⅵ级),草地、耕地和水域则多集中在中低地形位梯度区域(Ⅰ—Ⅳ级)。总体上,研究区内人类活动的分布和变化主要集中在中间区和边远区,且主要是受到FAST工程建设、移民活动、经济发展、政府政策以及地形因子等综合因素的驱动和影响。

An Accurate Numerical Solution for the Modified Equal Width Wave Equation Using the Fourier Pseudo-Spectral Method

In this study, the numerical solution for the Modified Equal Width Wave (MEW) equation is presented using Fourier spectral method that use to discretize the space variable and Leap-frog method scheme for time dependence. Test problems including the single soliton wave motion, interaction of two solitary waves and interaction of three solitary waves will use to validate the proposed method. The three invariants of the motion are evaluated to determine the conservation properties of the generated scheme. Finally, a Maxwellian initial condition pulse is then studied. The L2 and L∞ error norms are computed to study the accuracy and the simplicity of the presented method.

Application of Wavelet Algorithm to Spectral Analysis of Oceanic Waves and Offshore Structure Responses

Fourier transform （FF） is a commonly used method in spectral analysis of ocean wave and offshore structure responses, but it is not suitable for records of short length. In this paper another method, wavelet transform （WT）, is applied to ＇analyze the data of short length. The Morlet wavelet is employed to calculate the spectra density functions for wave records and simulated Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） vessels＇ responses. Computed wave data include simulated wave data based on JONSWAP spectrum and the recorded data of Storm 149 from North Alwyn. Wavelet method is validated by comparing the statistical characteristics by WF method and those by fast Fourier transform （FFT） method with those of target spectra. The spectral density fnnctions＇ shapes calculated by WT are less malformed and have less error of statistical characteristics compared with those by FT especially when the record lengths decrease.

A Shear-wave Splitting Study of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 Earthquake Sequence Occurring on May 30,2014

Earthquakes of M_S5. 6 and M_S6.1 occurred in Yingjiang,Yunnan on May 24 and May 30,2014 respectively. In this paper,we use the waveform data recorded by mobile seismic stations( KAC) which were set up in the source area after the Yingjiang MS5. 6earthquake on May 24,2014 to study the shear-wave splitting characteristics of Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake sequence with the SAM method. The result shows that predominant polarization of fast shear-waves before the M_S6.1 earthquake is consistent with the direction of regional principal compressive stress,and predominant polarization of fast shear-waves before the M_S6.1 earthquake show better consistency and smaller dispersion compared to after the M_S6.1 earthquake,and there may be a deflection for the fast shearwaves predominant polarization between the M_S6.1 earthquake sequence and foreshock sequence. We found that the time-delays generally exhibited a lower level before the M_S6.1earthquake and a relatively higher value after the M_S6.1 earthquake.

Study on shear wave splitting in the after- shock region of the Yao′an earthquake in 2000

After Ms=6.5 Yao＇an earthquake on January 15, 2000, a large amount of aftershock waveforms were recorded by the Near Source Digital Seismic Network （NSSN） installed by Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province in the aftershock region. It provides profuse data to systematically analyze the features of Yao＇an earthquake. The crustal anisotropy is realized by shear wave splitting propagating in the upper crust. Based on the accurate aftershock relocations, the shear wave splitting parameters are determined with the cross-correlation method, and the results of different stations and regions are discussed in this paper. These conclusions are obtained as follows： firstly, the average fast directions of aftershock region are controlled by the regional stress field and parallel to the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction; secondly, the average fast directions of disparate stations and regions are different and vary with the structural settings and regional stress fields; finally, delay time value is affected by all sorts of factors, which is affinitive with the shear wave propagating medium, especially.