In the United States, envenomations by native scorpion species such as Centruroides are common and generally well-tolerated. On the contrary, Androctonus species envenomations are exceedingly rare outside the Middle E...In the United States, envenomations by native scorpion species such as Centruroides are common and generally well-tolerated. On the contrary, Androctonus species envenomations are exceedingly rare outside the Middle East and North Africa but are particularly deadly. We report a case of envenomation by an Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail (Androctonus amoreuxi) scorpion and the subsequent clinical course. A hobbyist and dangerous scorpion collector was stung by his pet Androctonus amoreuxi, purchased online. Our patient rapidly developed severe localized pain followed by systemic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, anxiety, GI symptoms, diplopia, dyspnea, profound myalgias, and intense paresthesias. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with a grade 2-to-3 scorpion envenomation based upon evidence of autonomic hyperactivity and cranial nerve dysfunction. He never progressed to cardiopulmonary compromise;neither dobutamine nor antivenom was administered, and he improved with supportive care alone. Case details were verified in person and via electronic medical record review.展开更多
The motivation of this paper is to show how to use the information from given distributions and to fit distributions in order to confirm models. Our examples are especially for disciplines slightly away from mathemati...The motivation of this paper is to show how to use the information from given distributions and to fit distributions in order to confirm models. Our examples are especially for disciplines slightly away from mathematics. One minor result is that standard deviation and mean are at most a more or less good approximation to determine the best Gaussian fit. In our first example we scrutinize the distribution of the intelligence quotient (IQ). Because it is an almost perfect Gaussian distribution and correlated to the parents’ IQ, we conclude with mathematical arguments that IQ is inherited only which is assumed by mainstream psychologists. Our second example is income distributions. The number of rich people is much higher than any Gaussian distribution would allow. We present a new distribution consisting of a Gaussian plus a modified exponential distribution. It fits the fat tail perfectly. It is also suitable to explain the old problem of fat tails in stock returns.展开更多
为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为1...为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为17~21枚不等:根据尾椎椎骨的完整程度,滩羊的尾椎可分为4类,第1类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔完整,第2类尾椎的横突完整,棘突、椎弓、椎孔退化,第3类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔均发生退化,第4类尾椎椎骨之间融合,无关节囊。滩羊尾重与尾厚,尾脂率与尾重及尾脂重之间相关性显著。滩羊尾重与尾长、尾厚之间的最优回归方程为:y=-2.237+0.401 x 3+0.041 x 1(R 2=0.634,P<0.01)。展开更多
为探究丁酸梭菌对小尾寒羊宰后成熟过程中挥发性风味物质的影响及其可能机制,以6月龄小尾寒羊为研究对象,取其背最长肌进行宰后成熟(4℃),然后分别在第0、1、2、3、4、5天对羊肉中的挥发性风味物质和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monop...为探究丁酸梭菌对小尾寒羊宰后成熟过程中挥发性风味物质的影响及其可能机制,以6月龄小尾寒羊为研究对象,取其背最长肌进行宰后成熟(4℃),然后分别在第0、1、2、3、4、5天对羊肉中的挥发性风味物质和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC)和肉毒碱脂酰转移酶1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase,CPT1)等脂肪代谢相关酶活性进行测定。电子鼻测定结果显示,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中的烷类、氢过氧化物和氮氧化合物的含量更加丰富;结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定结果可知,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中醛、醇及酮类化合物的种类较为丰富,而脂肪氧化产物如辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、庚醛的含量均明显降低;利用相对气味活度值法筛选了宰后成熟过程中两组小尾寒羊肉中共有的关键风味物质,包括辛醛、壬醛、反-2-癸烯醛和1-辛烯-3-醇,其中癸醛对羊肉风味的贡献最大。与对照组相比,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中AMPK和CPT1的含量在宰后成熟过程中均显著降低(P<0.05),而丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中ACC含量在宰后成熟第0、1、3、5天显著高于对照组(P<0.05);相关性分析结果表明,AMPK和CPT1与壬醛均呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),而ACC与壬醛和癸醛呈极显著负相关(P<0.001)。综上,日粮添加丁酸梭菌可能通过调控AMPK-ACC-CPT1通路进而影响小尾寒羊宰后成熟过程中的挥发性风味物质。展开更多
文摘In the United States, envenomations by native scorpion species such as Centruroides are common and generally well-tolerated. On the contrary, Androctonus species envenomations are exceedingly rare outside the Middle East and North Africa but are particularly deadly. We report a case of envenomation by an Egyptian Yellow Fat Tail (Androctonus amoreuxi) scorpion and the subsequent clinical course. A hobbyist and dangerous scorpion collector was stung by his pet Androctonus amoreuxi, purchased online. Our patient rapidly developed severe localized pain followed by systemic effects, including tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, anxiety, GI symptoms, diplopia, dyspnea, profound myalgias, and intense paresthesias. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with a grade 2-to-3 scorpion envenomation based upon evidence of autonomic hyperactivity and cranial nerve dysfunction. He never progressed to cardiopulmonary compromise;neither dobutamine nor antivenom was administered, and he improved with supportive care alone. Case details were verified in person and via electronic medical record review.
文摘The motivation of this paper is to show how to use the information from given distributions and to fit distributions in order to confirm models. Our examples are especially for disciplines slightly away from mathematics. One minor result is that standard deviation and mean are at most a more or less good approximation to determine the best Gaussian fit. In our first example we scrutinize the distribution of the intelligence quotient (IQ). Because it is an almost perfect Gaussian distribution and correlated to the parents’ IQ, we conclude with mathematical arguments that IQ is inherited only which is assumed by mainstream psychologists. Our second example is income distributions. The number of rich people is much higher than any Gaussian distribution would allow. We present a new distribution consisting of a Gaussian plus a modified exponential distribution. It fits the fat tail perfectly. It is also suitable to explain the old problem of fat tails in stock returns.
文摘为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为17~21枚不等:根据尾椎椎骨的完整程度,滩羊的尾椎可分为4类,第1类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔完整,第2类尾椎的横突完整,棘突、椎弓、椎孔退化,第3类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔均发生退化,第4类尾椎椎骨之间融合,无关节囊。滩羊尾重与尾厚,尾脂率与尾重及尾脂重之间相关性显著。滩羊尾重与尾长、尾厚之间的最优回归方程为:y=-2.237+0.401 x 3+0.041 x 1(R 2=0.634,P<0.01)。
文摘为探究丁酸梭菌对小尾寒羊宰后成熟过程中挥发性风味物质的影响及其可能机制,以6月龄小尾寒羊为研究对象,取其背最长肌进行宰后成熟(4℃),然后分别在第0、1、2、3、4、5天对羊肉中的挥发性风味物质和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC)和肉毒碱脂酰转移酶1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase,CPT1)等脂肪代谢相关酶活性进行测定。电子鼻测定结果显示,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中的烷类、氢过氧化物和氮氧化合物的含量更加丰富;结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定结果可知,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中醛、醇及酮类化合物的种类较为丰富,而脂肪氧化产物如辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、庚醛的含量均明显降低;利用相对气味活度值法筛选了宰后成熟过程中两组小尾寒羊肉中共有的关键风味物质,包括辛醛、壬醛、反-2-癸烯醛和1-辛烯-3-醇,其中癸醛对羊肉风味的贡献最大。与对照组相比,丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中AMPK和CPT1的含量在宰后成熟过程中均显著降低(P<0.05),而丁酸梭菌组小尾寒羊肉中ACC含量在宰后成熟第0、1、3、5天显著高于对照组(P<0.05);相关性分析结果表明,AMPK和CPT1与壬醛均呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),而ACC与壬醛和癸醛呈极显著负相关(P<0.001)。综上,日粮添加丁酸梭菌可能通过调控AMPK-ACC-CPT1通路进而影响小尾寒羊宰后成熟过程中的挥发性风味物质。
