Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND The understanding of bile acid(BA)and unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)profiles,as well as their dysregulation,remains elusive in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)coexisting with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Investigating these metabolites could offer valuable insights into the pathophy-siology of NAFLD in T2DM.AIM To identify potential metabolite biomarkers capable of distinguishing between NAFLD and T2DM.METHODS A training model was developed involving 399 participants,comprising 113 healthy controls(HCs),134 individuals with T2DM without NAFLD,and 152 individuals with T2DM and NAFLD.External validation encompassed 172 participants.NAFLD patients were divided based on liver fibrosis scores.The analytical approach employed univariate testing,orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,logistic regression,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and decision curve analysis to pinpoint and assess the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers.RESULTS Compared to HCs,both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited diminished levels of specific BAs.In UFAs,particular acids exhibited a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM,while theω-6:ω-3 UFA ratio demonstrated a negative correlation.Levels ofα-linolenic acid andγ-linolenic acid were linked to significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD.The validation cohort substantiated the predictive efficacy of these biomarkers for assessing NAFLD risk in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION This study underscores the connection between altered BA and UFA profiles and the presence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM,proposing their potential as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Distinctive roles of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in hyperlipidemic pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate how the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition influences the susceptibility of developing acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Primary pancreatic acinar cells were treated with low and high concentrations of different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ signal and the expression of protein kinase C(PKC) were measured after treatment. RESULTS: Unsaturated fatty acids at high concentrations, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid, induced a persistent rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in acinar cells. Unsaturated fatty acids at low concentrations and saturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, and triglycerides, at low and high concentrations were unable to induce a rise in Ca2+ concentrations in acinar cells. Unsaturated fatty acids at high concentrations but not saturated fatty acids induced intra-acinar cell trypsin activation and cell damage and increased PKC expression.CONCLUSION: At sufficiently high concentrations, unsaturated fatty acids were able to induce acinar cells injury and promote the development of pancreatitis. Unsaturated fatty acids may play a distinctive role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis through the activation of PKC family members.

Epoxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in the Presence of SO_3H-functional Brφnsted Acidic Ionic Liquid as Catalyst

The epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs)by peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied in the presence of SO3H-functional Brnsted acidic ionic liquid (IL)[C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]as catalyst.The effects of hydrogen peroxide/ethylenic unsaturation ratio,acetic acid concentration,IL concentration,recycling of the IL catalyst,and temperature on the conversion to oxirane were studied.The kinetics and thermodynamics of unsaturated FAMEs epoxidation and the kinetics of oxirane cleavage of the epoxidized FAMEs by acetic acid were also studied.The conversion of ethylenic unsaturation group to oxirane, the reaction rate of the conversion to oxirane,and the rate of hydrolysis(oxirane cleavage)were higher by using the IL catalyst.

Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids via Mortierella Isabellina Cultivated in a Medium Containing Butanol

Mortierella isabellina was found to accumulate large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids when it was grown in a medium containing butanol(5 g/L) and yeast extract(10 g/L) and cultivated at 25 ℃ for 5 d during which additional feeding butanol of 2 g/L was fed after being cultivated for 48 h . The resultant mycelial lipids accounted for 40 1% of the dry mycelia, while about 34% of butanol in the medium was converted. The mycelial lipids contained four kinds of unsaturated fatty acids, i.e ., palmitoleic(4 9%), oleic(54 1%), linoleic(10 4%) and linolenic(5 4%) acids. Those accounted for 74 8% of the total fatty acids. The effects of the culture conditions, such as cultivation temperature, initial pH of the medium and additional feeding butanol in the course of cultivation, on the production of mycelial lipids by M. isabellina were studied.

Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on calcium-activated potassium current in gastric myocytes of guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids on calcium-activated potassium current [IK(Ca)] in gastric antral circular myocytes of guinea pigs. METHODS: Gastric myocytes were isolated by collagenase from the antral circular layer of guinea pig stomach. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record /K(Ca) in the isolated single smooth muscle cells with or without different concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA). RESULTS: AA at concentrations of 2,5 and 10 μmol/L markedly increased IK(Ca) in a dose-dependent manner. LA at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L also enhanced /K(Ca) in a dose-dependent manner. The increasing potency of AA, LA, and oleic acid (OA) on /K(Ca)at the same concentration (10μmol/L) was in the order of AA>LA>OA. AA (10 μmol/L)-induced increase of Ik(ca) was not blocked by H-7 (10 μmol/L), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), or indomethacin (10 μmol/L), an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway, and 17-octadecynoic acid (10 μmol/L), an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 pathway, but weakened by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10μmol/L), an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway. CONCLUSION: Unsaturated fatty acids markedly increase Ik(Ca), and the enhancing potencies are related to the number of double bonds in the fatty acid chain. The lipoxygenase pathway of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism is involved in the unsaturated fatty acid-induced increase of IK(Ca) in gastric antral circular myocytes of guinea pigs.

A Study on the Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Unsaturated Fatty Acid on Zinc Electrode in 40% KOH Solutions

The adsorption and inhibition behaviors of unsaturated fatty acid on Zinc/solution interface in 40%KOH solutions were investigated by means of electrochemical techniques. The results show that the corrosion of Zinc in 40%KOH solution is inhibited with linoleic acid and oleic acid, the adsorption action of unsaturated fatty acids on Zinc suface follows Flory Huggins isotherm and belongs to the kind of chemical adsorption, and linoleic acid and oleic acid are all mixed suppressed inhibitors and their inhibitive behaviors depend on negative catalytic effect.

Rumen metagenome reveals the mechanism of mitigation methane emissions by unsaturated fatty acid while maintaining the performance of dairy cows

Dietary fat content can reduce the methane production of dairy cows;however,the relevance fatty acid(FA)composition has towards this inhibitory effect is debatable.Furthermore,in-depth studies elucidating the effects of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)on rumen function and the mechanism of reducing methane(CH4)production are lacking.This study exposed 10 Holstein cows with the same parity,similar milk yield to two total mixed rations:low unsaturated FA(LUFA)and high unsaturated FA(HUFA)with similar fat content.The LUFA group mainly added fat powder(C16:0>90%),and the HUFA group mainly replaced fat powder with extruded flaxseed.The experiment lasted 26 d,the last 5 d of which,gas exchange in respiratory chambers was conducted to measure gas emissions.We found that an increase in the UFA in diet did not affect milk production(P>0.05)and could align the profile of milk FAs more closely with modern human nutritional requirements.Furthermore,we found that increasing the UFA content in the diet lead to a decrease in the abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen(|linear discriminant analysis[LDA]score|>2 and P 2 and P<0.05),which ultimately decreased CH4 production(P<0.05).Our results illustrated the mechanism involving decreased CH4 production when fed a UFA diet in dairy cows.We believe that our study provides new evidence to explore CH4 emission reduction measures for dairy cows.

METABOLISM -OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-DEPENDENT UNSATURATED FATTY ACID IN CULTURED CELLS

The traditional view of the regulation of eicosanoid formation holds that agonists have to activate receptor-coupled phospholipases before eicosanoid syntheiss can be initiated. Action of phospholipases results in an increase in the intracellular concentration of unesterified arachidonic acid (AA). Once unesterified AA is present in sufficient amounts it can be metabolized by a variety of enzymes that catalyze

Expression profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in colorectal cancer

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)andtumor-associated factors for predicting the outcome of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)in Chinese patients.METHODS:Fresh-frozen malignant and normal tissues from 82 Chinese patients with CRC were analyzed for PUFA composition using gas-liquid chromatography.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin E2 and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the levels of VEGF,p53 and Ki-67 were measured by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:In malignant tissue,compared with normal tissue,the levels of totalω-6 PUFAs(24.64%±3.41%vs 26.77%±3.37%,P=0.00)and linoleic acid(LA)(15.46%±3.51%vs 18.30%±2.83%,P<0.01)were lower,whereas the levels of totalω-3 PUFAs(1.58%±0.74%vs 1.35%±0.60%,P<0.01)and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid(DGLA)(1.32%±0.69%vs 0.85%±0.29%,P<0.01)were significantly higher.The ratios of arachidonic acid(AA)/LA(0.53±0.22 vs0.42±0.19,P<0.01)and AA/totalω-6 PUFAs(0.31±0.09 vs 0.27±0.10,P<0.01)were also significantly higher in malignant tissue.The levels of PDGF(353.10±148.85 pg/m L vs 286.09±104.91 pg/m L,P<0.01),COX-2(125.21±70.29 ng/m L vs 67.06±42.22 ng/m L,P<0.01)and VEGF(357.11±128.76 pg/m L vs211.38±99.47 pg/m L,P<0.01)were also higher in malignant tissue compared to normal tissue.COX-2was inversely correlated with LA(R=-0.3244,P<0.05)and positively correlated with AA/totalω-6 PUFAs(R=0.3083,P<0.05)and AA/LA(R=0.3001,P<0.05).The tissue level of LA was highest in poorly differentiated tumors(19.9%±6.3%,P<0.05),while the ratio of AA/ω-3 PUFAs was lowest in these tumors(10.8±2.6,P<0.05).In VEGF-positive tumors,the level of LA was higher(16.2%±3.7%vs 13.9%±2.7%,P<0.01),while the AA/ω-3PUFA,AA/ω-6 PUFA,and AA/LA ratios were lower than in VEGF-negativetumors(5.0±1.8 vs 6.7±3.3,0.30±0.09 vs 0.34±0.09,0.50±0.21 vs 0.61±0.21,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The metabolism of PUFAs may playan important role in the evolution of inflammationdriven tumorigenesis in CRC and may be considered apotential marker for prognosis.

Changes in Unsaturated Levels of Fatty Acids in Thylakoid PSII Membrane Lipids During Chilling-induced Resistance in Rice

Temperature is one of the abiotic factors limiting growth and productivity of plants. In the present work, the effect of low non-freezing temperature, as an inducer of ＂chilling resistance＂, was studied in three cultivars of rice （Oryza sativa L.）, japonica cv. 9516 （j-9516）, the two parental lines of superhigh-yield hybrid rice between subspecies, Peiai/E32 （ji-PE）, and the traditional indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （i-SY63）. Leaves of chill-treated rice showed chilling-induced resistance, as an increase of their low-temperature tolerance was measured using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, revealing a change in photosystem II （PSII） efficiency. After 5 d of exposure to 11 ~C under low light （100 pmol·m^-2·s^-1）, levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids decreased during the initial 1-2 d, then increased slowly and reached 99.2%, 95.3% and 90.1% of the initial value （0 d） in j-9516, ji-PE and i-SY63, respectively, on the fifth day. However, under medium light （600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）, all cultivars experienced similar substantial photoinhibition, which approached steady state levels after a decline in levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids to about 57.1%, 53.8% and 44.5% of the initial values （0 d） in j-9516, ji-PE and i-SY63 on the fifth day. Under either chilling-induced resistance （the former） or low temperature photoinhibition （the latter） conditions, the changes of other physiological parameters such as D1 protein contents, electron transport activities of PSII （ETA）, Fv/Fm, xanthophyl cycle activities expressed by DES （deepoxide state） were consistent with that of levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids. So there were negative correlations between saturated levels of fatty acids （16：1（3t）, 16：0, 18：0）, especially the 16：1（3t） fatty acid on thylakoid membrane and other physiological parameters, such as D1 protein contents, ETA and （A＋Z）/（A＋V＋Z）. A specific role of desaturation of fatty acids and the photoprotective pigments of the xanthophyl cycle, leading to an acclimation response in thylakoid membrane lipids may be involved. We conclude that chilling-induced resistance is accelerated by the unsaturation of thylakoid membranes, and the ability of rice plants to cold-harden can be enhanced by genetic engineering.

Effects of the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid on the growth performance,carcass and meat quality of finishing pigs

The effects on finishing pigs(80-100 kg BW) fed diets supplemented with oil sources containing different ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(UFA:SFA ratio) were evaluated in 15 barrows and15 gilts(Duroc × Large White × Landrace). Three experimental diets were evaluated using a randomized complete block design, with broken rice, soybean meal and rice bran as the main feedstuffs in the control diet. Diets 2 and 3 consisted of the control diet supplemented with 3% oil, with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference(P> 0.05) found in the average daily gain(ADG) of the pigs fed the treatment diets; however, the pigs fed the control diet and diet 3 had better(P < 0.05) feed conversion ratios(FCR) than the pigs fed diet 2. The pigs fed diets 2 and 3, which were supplemented with oil at UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, had greater(P < 0.05) average daily feed intakes(ADFI) than the pigs in the control group. Additionally, it was found that the gender of the pigs had an effect(P < 0.05) on the FCR. Interaction effects between the experimental diets and the gender of the pigs(P < 0.05) were found in the ADFI and FCR. There were no significance differences(P > 0.05)among the treatment groups with regard to the carcass quality of the pigs; however, it was found that the gilts had greater(P < 0.01) loin eye areas than the barrows fed diets 2 and 3 and the loin eye area of pig fed diet 2 was the largest(P < 0.05); In the case of the meat quality parameters, it was clearly found that the pigs fed the control diet had a greater(P < 0.05) lightness(L~*) in the meat colour, and the lowest cooking loss was found in the pigs fed the diet supplemented with fat containing the UFA:SFA ratio of 5:1.Overall, the dietary treatment did not significantly affect the drip loss, thawing loss and shear force of the pork. In conclusion, the supplementation of oil with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1 has the potential to improve pork quality.

Efficacy of poly-unsaturated fatty acid therapy on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

AIM: To examine whether poly-unsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) therapy is beneficial for improving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS: In total, 78 patients pathologically diagnosed with NASH were enrolled and were randomly assigned into the control group and the PUFA therapy group(added 50 mL PUFA with 1:1 ratio of EHA and DHA into daily diet). At the initial analysis and after 6mo of PUFA therapy, parameters of interest including liver enzymes, lipid profiles, markers of inflammation and oxidation, and histological changes were evaluated and compared between these two groups.RESULTS: At the initial analysis, in patients with NASH, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartase aminotransferase(AST) were slightly elevated. Triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, markers of systemic inflammation [C-reactive protein(CRP)] and oxidation [malondialdehyde(MDA)], as well as fibrosis parameters of type Ⅳ collagen and pro-collagen typeⅢ pro-peptide were also increased beyond the normal range. Six months later, ALT and AST levels were significantly reduced in the PUFA group compared with the control group. In addition, serum levels of TG and TC, CRP and MDA, and type Ⅳ collagen and procollagen type Ⅲ pro-peptide were also simultaneously and significantly reduced. Of note, histological evaluation showed that steatosis grade, necroinflammatory grade, fibrosis stage, and ballooning score were all profoundly improved in comparison to the control group, strongly suggesting that increased PUFA consumption was a potential way to offset NASH progression.CONCLUSION: Increased PUFA consumption is a potential promising approach for NASH prevention and reversal.

养殖与野生鮻营养成分和挥发性物质比较

为探究养殖与野生鮻肌肉营养成分的差异,采用常规方法检测并分析“跑道”养殖鮻和野生鮻肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和挥发性成分等指标。试验结果显示,“跑道”养殖鮻肌肉水分含量显著低于野生鮻(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著高于野生鮻(P<0.05),灰分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05);“跑道”养殖鮻肌肉中大部分氨基酸含量显著高于野生鮻(P<0.05),必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸以及氨基酸总量差异显著(P<0.05)。依据氨基酸评分、化学评分,鮻肌肉中第一限制氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。必需氨基酸指数为“跑道”养殖鮻(101.39)>野生鮻(82.79)。“跑道”养殖鮻不饱和脂肪酸含量、脂肪酸不饱和度显著高于野生鮻(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸含量、二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸含量低于野生鮻(P<0.05)。“跑道”养殖鮻和野生鮻分别检测出18种和29种挥发性化合物,野生鮻肌肉中关键风味物质的种类和数量更多,风味更丰富,而“跑道”养殖降低了鮻肌肉中部分呈现不愉悦气味的化合物含量。试验结果表明,“跑道”养殖模式改善了鮻肌肉氨基酸和挥发性化合物的组成。

花椒籽对蛋鸡生产性能、血清指标及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加花椒籽对蛋鸡生产性能、血清指标和蛋品质的影响。试验选择42周龄的京粉6号蛋鸡360只,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(ZBMS组)饲喂使用2%花椒籽替代基础饲粮中的玉米的饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期28 d。结果显示:与CON组相比,ZBMS组第1~14、15~28、1~28 d的平均蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),软破蛋率显著降低(P<0.05);ZBMS组蛋鸡血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著提高(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,ZBMS组第28 d时的蛋黄色泽显著提高(P<0.05);ZBMS组鸡蛋中棕榈油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、山嵛酸和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量均显著提高(P<0.05),肉豆蔻酸、十七碳酸、硬脂酸、反油酸、油酸、二十碳一烯酸、附子酯酸和花生三烯酸的含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,使用2%花椒籽替代玉米可增强蛋鸡免疫力和抗氧化能力,提高蛋重,降低软破蛋率,提升蛋黄色泽和蛋黄比率,增加鸡蛋中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量。

Oils with different degree of saturation:effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs

Background Oils are important sources of energy in pig diets.The combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil supplemented.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.Methods Eighteen crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(initial body weight:29.3±2.8 kg)were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum.The experimental diets included a fat-free basal diet and 5 oil-added diets.The 5 oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6%oil with different ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U:S)to the basal diet.The 5 oils were palm oil(U:S=1.2),canola oil(U:S=12.0),and palm oil and canola oil were mixed in different proportions to prepare a combination of U:S of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5,respectively.Results The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID)of fat and fatty acids increased linearly(P<0.05)as the U:S of dietary oils increased except for SID of fat and C18:2.The AID and SID of fat and fatty acids differed among the dietary treatments(P<0.05)except for SID of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)and C18:2.Fitted one-slope broken-line analyses for the SID of fat,saturated fatty acids(SFA)and UFA indicated that the breakpoint for U:S of oil was 4.14(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.01),2.91(R^(2)=0.98,P<0.01)and 3.84(R^(2)=0.85,P<0.01),respectively.The determined SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA in the mixtures was not different from the calculated SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA.However,the determined SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA in the mixtures were greater than the calculated SID values(P<0.05).The abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter in pigs fed diet containing palm oil was greater than that in rapeseed oil treatment group,and the two bacteria were negatively correlated with SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA(P<0.05).Conclusions The optimal U:S for improving the utilization efficiency of mixed oil was 4.14.The SID of fat and UFA for palm oil and canola oil were additive in growing pigs,whereas the SID of SFA in the mixture of two oils was greater than the sum of the values of pure oils.Differences in fat digestibility caused by oils differing in degree of saturation has a significant impact on bacterial community in the foregut.

鲤上皮瘤细胞两种转染试剂的条件优化及应用

鲤上皮瘤细胞是常用的鱼类细胞系,广泛使用在各种病毒学和基因功能研究中。利用细胞转染技术在鲤上皮瘤细胞进行基因功能研究时,转染试剂和DNA的剂量以及取样时间没有统一的数据支持。为解决该问题,选取两种常用转染试剂Lipofectamine®2000和FuGENE®HD,分别对荧光蛋白标记的多种质粒进行多配组转染试验,多温度、多时间节点追踪记录转染效率。28℃,以35 mm培养皿铺板,16μL Lipofectamine®2000和4μg DNA在转染后48 h达到最高转染效率(5.92±0.52)%;12μL FuGENE®HD和4μg DNA在转染72 h后转染效率达到(9.81±0.33)%。为验证该条件,构建一个鲤高不饱和脂肪酸合成相关转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体蛋白α(PPARα)的EGFP标签载体,该载体利用两种转染试剂分别获得了约4%和约8%的转染效率。以实时荧光定量PCR检测该转录因子对下游脂肪酸去饱和酶2(fads2)基因的转录调控效应,虽然两种转染试剂本身可导致下游基因的上调,但与空载质粒组相比,两种转染试剂高表达转录因子均对下游靶基因产生了转录激活效应。本试验获得了常用转染试剂Lipofectamine®2000和FuGENE®HD在鲤上皮瘤细胞细胞转染时的最适转染试剂和DNA剂量和最优取样时间,并在一转录调控实例中进行了验证,试验结果为后续充分利用鲤上皮瘤细胞进行基因功能研究提供了数据支持,有助于更好地服务于渔业种质资源育种创新。

不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物饲粮中的应用研究进展

不饱和脂肪酸主要存在于植物种子、植物油及含油量多的海鱼中,在自然界含量丰富,对人体具有补脑健脑、调节免疫功能、抵抗心血管疾病等重要作用。在反刍动物生产上,富含不饱和脂肪酸的饲粮具有改善反刍动物生产性能、减少甲烷排放和改善产品质量的功能。本文主要针对不饱和脂肪酸对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵、甲烷排放等方面的影响进行综述,旨在为不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物营养方面的研究和应用提供参考。

固原黄牛不同部位肌肉组织代谢组学分析

旨在探究与固原黄牛肉风味形成相关的关键代谢物、代谢途径和酶,为深入解析固原黄牛肉肉品组成提高肉品质量奠定基础。本研究选用同一生长条件下,24月龄的6头健康雄性固原黄牛作为研究对象,利用非靶向代谢组学技术对眼肉、肩肉和臀肉3个组进行代谢物分析鉴定,通过主成分分析、偏最小二乘法判别分析和聚类分析筛选差异代谢物,并对筛选结果进行富集分析。随后,利用FELLA分析调控不饱和脂肪酸合成代谢相关的途径以及潜在的关键代谢物,同时对差异代谢物进行WGCNA分析。代谢物分析结果显示,固原黄牛眼肉、肩肉和臀肉3个组共鉴定出689个代谢物,其中脂质和类脂分子占比32.08%,脂肪酸类代谢物49种,聚类分析肩肉组和臀肉组样本聚为一类,眼肉组样本单独为一类。N6,N6,N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸(N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine)和麦芽三糖(maltotriose)是眼肉、肩肉和臀肉组与组之间共同的差异代谢物,二者含量均在眼肉最高。KEGG通路分析显示,差异代谢物主要富集在不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、嘌呤代谢、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢等代谢通路。通过WGCNA分析筛选出与3个肌肉部位相关的模块,并鉴定出了各模块中的关键代谢物。本研究通过对固原黄牛不同部位肌肉组织进行代谢组学分析,鉴定到与肉品质差异和风味形成相关的10种关键代谢物和17种关键酶,为今后探究固原黄牛肉风味形成的分子调控机制和分子育种提供理论基础,同时也为其他肉牛的品质性状育种提供参考。

Growth Response and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Procambarus clarkii Fed Different Sources of Dietary Lipid

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipid on weight gain, feed conversion, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile red swamp crawfish, Procam-barus clarkii. Six semi-purified diets containing vitamin-free casein, defatted soybean meal, 0. 5% choline chloride, 0. 5% glycine and 0. 5% cholesterol were supplemented with 6. 0% of either anchovy oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil or pork lard. Each diet was fed to crawfish (3. 07±0. 21 g average weight) in three replicate aquaria for 60 days. Survival rate, weight gain and feed conversion were best for crawfish fed the diet containing anchovy oil. Crawfish fed the linseed oil diet had the second highest weight gain, followed by crawfish on soybean oil, repaseed oil, safflower oil and pork lard diets, respectively. Feed conversion values were a reflection of weight gain. Results showed that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are dietary essential for juvenile Procambarus clarkii, although n-3 fatty acids promoted faster growth than n-6. However, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (20 : 5n-3 and 22 :6n-3) had better growth-promoting effect than 18 : 3n-3, due probably to the limited ability of crawfish to bioconvert fatty acids to polyenoic forms of longer chain length. The fatty acid composition of the crawfish generally reflected that of the dietary lipids, especially for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids.

不饱和脂肪酸复配药剂在胶磷矿反浮选脱镁中的应用

以云南安宁磷矿为研究对象,针对该矿P_(2)O_(5)品位低(20.00%)、MgO含量高、矿石成分复杂、有用矿物为磷灰石、主要脉石矿物为白云石、石英等硅酸盐矿物的结构和性质特点。利用混合不饱和脂肪酸所含不饱和键数不同,溶解性高于单一不饱和脂肪酸且可提高白云石疏水性的性质特点,将油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸分别按50%+30%+20%进行复配制备复配混合脂肪酸药剂(简称ZP),并以此复配药剂为捕收剂对该磷矿进行反浮选。研究了捕收剂对白云石润湿性的影响和复配药剂ZP对捕收剂胶团粒度的影响。并在单因素条件试验研究的基础上开展了开路试验和闭路试验。结果表明,复配药剂ZP对白云石比单一油酸试剂的疏水性效果好,在ZP用量200 mg/L时可使白云石接触角达到74.62°;ZP捕收剂比油酸的溶解度高,可以提高浮选效率;采用一次粗选、三次精选、三次扫选流程进行反浮选,闭路试验可最终得到精矿P_(2)O_(5)产率59.23%、P_(2)O_(5)品位28.36%、MgO品位0.63%、P_(2)O_(5)回收率80.16%的精矿指标。