Selection of Minimal Test Points Set for Integer-Coded Fault Wise Table

Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. On one hand, traditional exhaustive search method is computationally expensive. On the other hand, the space complexity of traditional exhaustive is low. A tradeoff method between the high time complexity and low space complexity is proposed. At first, a new fault-pair table is constructed based on the integer-coded fault wise table. The fault-pair table consists of two columns： one column represents fault pair and the other represents test points set that can distinguish the corresponding faults. Then, the rows are arranged in ascending order according to the cardinality of corresponding test points set. Thirdly, test points in the top rows are selected one by one until all fault pair are isolated. During the test points selection process, the rows that contain selected test points are deleted and then the dimension of fault-pair table decreases gradually. The proposed test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an integercoded fault wise table derived from a real analog circuit. Computational results suggest show policies are better than the exhaustive strategy.

Application of Rollout Strategy to Test Points Selection for Integer-Coded Fault Wise Table

Test points selection for integer-coded fault wise table is a discrete optimization problem. The global minimum set of test points can only be guaranteed by an exhaustive search which is eompurationally expensive. In this paper, this problem is formulated as a heuristic depth-first graph search problem at first. The graph node expanding method and rules are given. Then, rollout strategies are applied, which can be combined with the heuristic graph search algorithms, in a computationally more efficient manner than the optimal strategies, to obtain solutions superior to those using the greedy heuristic algorithms. The proposed rollout-based test points selection algorithm is illustrated and tested using an analog circuit and a set of simulated integer-coded fault wise tables. Computa- tional results are shown, which suggest that the rollout strategy policies are significantly better than other strategies.

钻孔联合地质剖面探测施工中若干问题探讨

基于《活动断层探测》GB/T 36072—2018、《活动断层探查钻探》DB/T 92—2022等现行规范规程,对跨隐伏活动断层的钻孔联合地质剖面探测施工的基本要求和存在的主要问题进行了探讨,认为现行技术标准存在的问题有:(1)对岩芯采取率的要求偏低;(2)对横跨隐伏逆断层的钻孔深度和钻孔之间距离的要求偏低.提出了下列改进措施:(1)各类岩土的岩芯采取率应大于现行技术标准要求的数值;其中,黏土的岩芯采取率应不小于99%;(2)对横跨隐伏逆断层的钻孔深度应大于现行技术标准要求的孔深;在第四系厚度较薄时,在逆断层上断点附近,位于逆断层上盘的钻孔在钻遇上盘的前第四系后,还应继续钻进,钻孔深度应达到能够揭露逆断层下盘的前第四系的深度;(3)当隐伏逆断层在第四系中的断距较小时,逆断层上断点两侧的2个相邻钻孔间距就需要1~3 m甚至更小的数值.补充了钻孔联合地质剖面探测中的钻孔布设方式、隐伏断层产状的求取方法.分析了在钻孔联合地质剖面探测的断层识别中存在的一些不确定性因素,并提出了相应对策.指出钻孔联合地质剖面探测施工是基于动态设计的信息化施工,现场技术负责人及其施工现场技术管理在钻孔联合地质剖面探测工作中起着重要作用.

基于XGBoost建模和Change-Point残差处理的风电机组齿轮箱温度预警

风电机组具有单机容量小,台数多,状态信息复杂的特点;基于SCADA数据的风电机组齿轮箱预警普遍存在预测精度和计算效率低,资源占用高的问题,选取有效方法以克服上述问题成为齿轮箱预警的关键。极限梯度提升(eXtreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost)算法本身结合多线程、数据压缩、分片的形式,其在处理大数据量样本时仍具有较高的通用性。采用XGBoost算法建立齿轮箱正常工作状态的温度模型,使用XGBoost模型与其它4类回归预测模型分别进行齿轮箱温度预测模型实验,结果表明XGBoost模型在齿轮箱温度预测中综合性能要优于其它4类模型。当齿轮箱发生故障时,模型的样本特性会发生异常变化,导致模型的预测残差发生明显改变。为提高齿轮箱故障预警的可靠性,构建了新的Change-Point算法,利用Change-Point技术进行XGBoost模型预测残差序列分析,可定位齿轮箱状态劣化时间点,回溯状态劣化原因。

Discrete Software Reliability Growth Modeling for Errors of Different Severity Incorporating Change-point Concept

Several software reliability growth models （SRGM） have been developed to monitor the reliability growth during the testing phase of software development. In most of the existing research available in the literatures, it is considered that a similar testing effort is required on each debugging effort. However, in practice, different types of faults may require different amounts of testing efforts for their detection and removal. Consequently, faults are classified into three categories on the basis of severity： simple, hard and complex. This categorization may be extended to r type of faults on the basis of severity. Although some existing research in the literatures has incorporated this concept that fault removal rate （FRR） is different for different types of faults, they assume that the FRR remains constant during the overall testing period. On the contrary, it has been observed that as testing progresses, FRR changes due to changing testing strategy, skill, environment and personnel resources. In this paper, a general discrete SRGM is proposed for errors of different severity in software systems using the change-point concept. Then, the models are formulated for two particular environments. The models were validated on two real-life data sets. The results show better fit and wider applicability of the proposed models as to different types of failure datasets.

Comprehensive Multi-Level Exploration of Buried Active Faults:an Example of the Yinchuan Buried Active Fault

The paper introduces the steps and methods of multi-approach, multi-level exploration of buried faults in thick Quaternary sediment regions by taking the test exploration of the Yinchuan active fault as example. Based on the comprehensive analyses of previous data, we choose the Xinqushao Village of Xingqing District of Yinchuan City as the test site for the comprehensive exploration. Firstly, we adopted shallow seismic investigation with group intervals of 10m, 5m and lm to gradually trace layer by layer the master fault of the Yinchuan buried fault from a deep depth to a shallow depth where drilling could be used. Then, with composite geological profile drilling, we determined the precise location and dip angle of the fault. The drilling show the buried depth of the upper offset point is 8.3m. Finally, large-scale trenching revealed that the actual buried depth of the upper offset point of the fault is 1.5m from the ground surface and there are paleoearthquake events of 5 stages. Combined with the preliminary result of corresponding sample age, we conclude the Yinchuan buried fault is a mid to late Holocene active fault.

The Comprehensive Evaluation Algorithm with Fault Location in HVDC Transmission Line

China has a vast territory with a great demand for electricity. However, the resources are in reverse distribution in the country. Therefore, high voltage direct current transmission has great practical significance and been widely used. However, traditional fault location methods have a lot of problems in engineering application for the length of transmission line and the complexity of the terrain. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation algorithm based on the travelling wave method and time domain method. It also proposes a concept of fault point reliability. This algorithm analyzes the fault point reliability in the whole transmission line to determine the specific location of the fault point. This paper proves that the algorithm has high reliability by PSCAD simulation software.

K-means聚类精简点云驱动PointNet++的行星齿轮故障诊断

复杂装备的三维模型点云数据具有非结构化、无序性、离散性的特点,数据精简策略和深度神经网络模型构建被视为点云数据驱动的机械设备故障诊断关键技术难点。提出了一种K-means聚类(K均值聚类算法)精简点云驱动PointNet++的行星齿轮故障诊断方法。首先,提出了基于K-means的点云数据精简策略实现了在充分保留细节特征的前提下,精简84%的冗余数据;其次,构建了简度、速度、精度的精简效果三维评价指标体系并对精简算法进行评价;最后,构建了能够提取局部特征的PointNet++故障诊断模型。实验结果表明,相比于点云数据直接驱动PointNet++,K-means聚类精简点云驱动PointNet++的行星齿轮故障诊断的准确率提升了6.9%,表明了所提方法的有效性。

配电网相电压不对称动态变化下的高阻接地故障辨识

配电网单相高阻接地故障与相电压不对称动态变化间具有相似的中性点位移电压波形,易引起接地保护的误判。为此,该文建立不对称导纳矢量模型,通过分析相电压不对称动态变化的原因,揭示非故障条件下中性点位移电压的变化机理。同时建立故障电路全响应模型,刻画中性点位移电压随过渡电阻的变化轨迹,研究高阻接地故障和不对称导纳动态变化时的位移电压稳态重合区域及暂态特征差异。在论证二者稳态特征存在混叠的同时,揭示暂态过程中故障初相角对中性点位移电压直流衰减分量的影响规律。采用经验小波变换提取中性点位移电压直流衰减分量和高频分量,并利用直流衰减分量辨识故障;对于特定故障初相角导致的直流分量无法检测场景,提出基于方差贡献率的重心频率分布特征判断方法辨识接地故障。仿真分析表明,该方法为5 kΩ及以下的高阻接地故障与不对称导纳动态变化提供了明显的区分特征,为单相接地故障的准确辨识提供了新思路。

Vertical dominant migration channel and hydrocarbon migration in complex fault zone, Bohai Bay sag, China

The quantitatively/semi-quantitatively formation conditions of vertical dominant hydrocarbon migration pathways were analyzed based on the big data analysis of petroleum geological parameters of complex fault Zone zone in the central-south Bohai Bay. According to this condition, the vertical dominant migration pathway and its charge points/segments are searched through structural modeling assistant analysis in the East Sag of Huanghekou. Under the constraints of charge points/segments, numerical simulation of hydrocarbon charge and migration is carried out to successfully predict hydrocarbon migration pathways and hydrocarbon enrichment blocks in shallow layers of complex fault zone. The main results are as follows:(1) The hydrocarbon charge in shallow layers of the active fault zone is differential, the charge points/sections of vertical dominant migration pathways are the starting points of shallow hydrocarbon migration and are very important for the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the shallow layers.(2) Among the shallow faults, those cutting the deep transfer bins or deep major migration pathways, with fault throw of more than 80 m in the accumulation period and the juxtaposition thickness between fault and caprock of the deep layers of less than 400 m are likely to be vertical dominant migration pathways in the sag area.(3) By controlling the vertical dominant migration pathways and charging points/segments in carrier layer, Neo-tectonic movement caused the differential hydrocarbon accumulation in the complex fault zone. The research results are of great significance for the fine exploration of the complex fault zone.

基于校验孪生神经网络的有线通信网络故障点定位方法研究

由于有线通信网络中设备或者链路的承受能力有限,一旦发生故障将带来严重的负面影响,研究基于校验孪生神经网络的有线通信网络故障点定位方法。采集有线通信网络中的正常流量和故障流量数据,对采集到的流量数据进行清洗、变换等预处理操作,构建一个自校验的孪生神经网络模型,输入流量数据后故障点定位结果。实验结果表明,设计方法下有线通信网络故障点定位结果的准确度为98.65%,证实该方法的定位精度。

Study of the Relation Between the Features of Fault Deformation Tendency Anomaly and Earthquake Activity in the West of China

Using the tendentious accumulation rate of crustal deformation,DC,the spatial distributionfeatures of deformation across fault in the West of China was studied;the regional patterns ofdeformation accumulation induced by fault activity was established and its seismogenicmeaning was discussed.The types of fault deformation evolution in the time domain and thefeatures of change of large extent anomaly in fault deformation which occurred in 1995～1996was analyzed comprehensively.It was indicated definitely that 1995～1996 is the turningpoint of fault network activity in the West of China since the 1990s;it is closely related to thechange of main seismic active regions in the West of China,i.e,the alternation of strong/weak stages and the change of action range of tectonic stress field in the Qinghai-Tibet blockand its environs;and hence it is of medium-and short-term precursor meaning for the changeof the overall pattern of earthquake activity in the West of China in the year 1996.On such abasis,a

Fold catastrophe model of strike-slip fault earthquake

Using a differential form of the potential energy function and taking the effect of work applied by external force in far field into account, the mechanism of strike-slip fault earthquake is analyzed. The research indicates that each characteristic displayed with a fold catastrophe model in the catastrophe theory corresPonds to a specific primary characteristic of the strike-slip fault earthquake. The fold catastrophe can describe the positions of starting and end points of a fault failure and the distance of fault dislocation. These include the description of stability of the surrounding rock-fault system before and after the earthquake. Two different illustrations about elastic energy releasing amount of the surrounding rock with the fault failure are shown with the primary characteristics mutually demonstrated. The intensity of strike-slip fault earthquake is related to the surrounding rock press and the stiffness ratio of surrounding rock and fault. The larger the surrounding rock press, the smaller the stiffness ratio. The larger the included angle between the tangential stress axis and the causative fault surface, the stronger the earthquake.

基于系统参数优化的对称双极海上风电送端联接变阀侧单相接地故障应力调控方法

为应对海上风电系统送端联接变阀侧单相接地故障引起的换流阀内过电压、过电流及风电场并网点电压跌落共存的问题,提出了一种基于系统参数优化的对称双极海上风电系统故障应力调控方法。首先,构建换流阀的数学模型与风电机组控制模型,通过电路分析揭示故障后换流阀过电压和过电流特性、风电场并网点电压跌落特性及其影响规律;其次,根据系统关键参数对故障后电压和电流的影响机制,提出一种基于系统参数优化的故障应力调控方案,即通过系统关键参数优化配置,实现过电压、过电流以及并网点电压跌落的综合调控,显著延长系统故障后换流阀的耐受时间和风电场不脱网运行时间;最后,通过对称双极海上风电经柔性直流系统仿真分析,验证了本文所提出方法对系统故障应力调控的有效性,为海上风电优化设计提供支撑。

考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复方法

在配电网发生故障后,主动配电网能够实现用户侧参与功率的实时供需平衡,满足故障后的负荷恢复。用户参与配电网的调度也是提升故障后负荷恢复比例的途径之一,可平移负荷具有较强的可控性,有效提升了主动配电网的灵活性,智能软开关等新兴可控设备的接入,也使负荷的快速供电成为可能。本文建立了考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复模型,并考虑了负荷的重要性系数。通过改进的IEEE 33节点算例进行仿真分析,构建单一故障、多点故障、短时故障的场景,验证了本文所提出方法的有效性以及可控装置对故障后负荷恢复量的提升。

Swin-Transformer故障信息挖掘的海底观测网故障定位方法

海底观测网长期受海洋环境与人为因素影响,易使光电复合缆绝缘破损与海水接触形成电学故障点。如何准确地定位电学故障点,对提高海底观测网输电与信息传输的可靠性至关重要。首先根据海底观测网输电结构建立海底观测网输电模型,推导与模拟电学故障点传播至观测点的暂态电流,然后由连续小波变换提取暂态电流与故障点对应的内在关联特征量,最后通过Swin-Transformer神经网络挖掘内在关联特征量与故障距离的匹配关系来定位电学故障点。研究结果表明,在内在关联特征量样本测试集条件下,光电复合缆≤160 km的电学故障点定位误差小于400 m,可为长距离光电复合缆的海底观测网电学故障点定位提供参考。

基于注意力机制的光伏系统故障电弧检测与定位研究

由于绝缘损坏等原因产生的串联故障电弧严重威胁着光伏系统的安全稳定运行。同时,光伏系统中阻抗网络会影响检测故障电弧的能力,降低时频检测方法的可靠性。针对阻抗网络带来了故障电弧检测与定位困难的问题,文中搭建含光伏阻抗网络模块的直流故障电弧实验平台,开展不同电流等级、不同负载、不同线路模拟长度的故障电弧实验。通过傅里叶变换频谱和小波变换分析电流信号,构建幅值比、提升比指标,定量评估光伏阻抗网络前后的故障电弧特征差异,分析光伏阻抗网络对故障电弧特征的弱化影响,并对小波重构信号做三点对称差分能量算子处理,使100 k Hz内各频段特征得到增强,有效改善了故障电弧检测。根据特征随线路增长而衰减的规律,提出基于长短期记忆网络和注意力机制的故障电弧检测与定位算法,实现了0~80 m的串联故障电弧定位,最大误差不超过4 m。研究可为光伏系统故障电弧检测模块的设计提供一定理论和方法基础。

正负序时变幅频旋转矢量及其在三相静止坐标系上投影瞬时值间关系的特征及仿真分析

随着电力电子化并网设备在电力系统中所占比例的大幅增加,电源侧的输出特性明显区别于传统以同步发电机为代表的电源输出特性,电力电子化电力系统故障分析尤其是网络不对称故障分析面临新的挑战。然而现有的故障分析方法基本未认识到设备内电势的时变幅频特征,仅有的基于时变幅频信号提出的时变幅频对称分量法也仅是1组数学化的分解公式,无明确的物理内涵作为方法支撑。针对此,通过分析正/负序时变幅频旋转矢量投影三相瞬时值间关系的特征,诠释了时变幅频对称分量法的物理本质。首先,研究时变幅频内电势旋转矢量的产生机制;然后,基于正/负时变幅频旋转矢量在三相静止坐标系上投影瞬时值特性建立描述各相的旋转相量概念及正/负序三相旋转相量图;最后,基于上述旋转矢量投影等效三相旋转相量的过程建立时变幅频对称分量法的物理内涵,由此将不对称故障点电压等效为正/负序旋转相量,并结合仿真进行分析。分析结果表明,所提故障分析方法为时变幅频内电势激励下网络不对称故障分析提供了基础理论。

配电网间歇性重燃电弧模型的建立与断续弧光接地故障特征分析研究

电弧间歇性重燃是配电网单相接地故障最显著的特征。现有的电弧模型甚少考虑电弧间歇性重燃特性,导致无法精确描述断续弧光接地特征,进而影响继电保护动作。为此,论文提出一种间歇性重燃电弧模型的建立方法,并在此基础上对断续弧光接地故障特征进行了分析。弧道阻抗的随机变化是电弧间歇性重燃的重要标志,故论文重点围绕弧道阻抗变化的随机性和重燃时间间隔的随机性开展间歇性重燃电弧模型的研究。黑盒电弧模型中,Cassie-Mayr联合模型能完整的描述电弧电流从大电流到小电流的变化过程,但存在从大电流变化为小电流的判据模糊,转换过程突变的问题。为此,论文通过引入连续过渡函数解决上述问题。同时,为描述弧道电阻的变化特性,利用Fermi函数对联合模型中Mayr模型和Cassie模型进行权重分配。以改进的Cassie-Mayr单次燃弧模型为基础,根据工频熄弧理论,通过设置燃弧时间长短表征间歇性重燃的随机性,从而建立了间歇性重燃电弧模型。利用该模型,对典型10kV配电网单辐射型网架结构的接地故障进行模拟仿真,采用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)和小波包分析提取了不同条件下故障电压、电流、高次谐波、零序分量以及频率分布等故障特征。研究结果表明:改进后Cassie-Mayr联合模型不但解决了电弧电流从大电流到小电流的转换突变问题,且不同模型权重占比的分配更能准确地表征实际燃弧弧道阻抗变化的随机性;通过设置电弧燃弧时间长短,准确地描述间歇性重燃的随机性;电弧断续时刻为非整数周期下的过电压、过电流幅值高于整数周期;电缆线路增大了故障线路电流,过电流可达3.81~7.20pu,不利于熄弧;大电流系统故障相零序电流主频在0~400Hz,小电流系统故障相零序电流主频在1200~1600Hz。

基于多点电流电压信号的矿用照明供电系统短路保护研究

针对矿用照明供电系统发生远距离短路故障时无法精准有效地检测难题,提出了一种检测不同位置多点电流信号保护方法。该方法将煤矿照明保护线路划分为多个区块,在不同区块发生不同故障时线路的电压与电流的大小会随之发生不同变化,以此为依据可以判断出故障类型和短路点具体在那一区块,做出相应的保护措施。此种保护方法相比传统照明信号综合保护装置的短路检测方法其精确度得到很大提高,并且不受供电距离的影响,可以对短路故障定位故障发生的区块和故障分类,同时根据实际情况搭建出照明供电系统仿真模型,验证了上述方法的可行性。