A Quantitative Method for Evaluating the Transporting Capacity of Oil-Source Faults in Shallow Formation of Oil-Rich Sags

Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.

Patterns of Clay Minerals Transformation in Clay Gouge, with Examples from Revers Fault Rocks in Devonina Niqiuhe Formation in The Dayangshu Basin

The role of authigenic clay growth in clay gouge is increasingly recognized as a key to understanding the mechanics of berittle faulting and fault zone processes,including creep and seismogenesis,and providing new insights into the ongoing debate about the frictional strength of brittle fault(Haines and van der Pluijm,2012).However,neither the conditions nor the processes which

Microstructural Development and Deformation Mechanisms during Cold Rolling of a Medium Stacking Fault Energy TWIP Steel

The magnetic response, microstructural and texture changes occurring during cold rolling of a Fe-14Mn-0.64C-2.4AI-0.25Si medium stacking fault energy TWlP （twinning induced plasticity） steel have been studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic techniques. The changes in the sub-grain size （Ds）, probability of stacking fault formation （Psf） and microstrain in the material as cold rolling progressed were determined by using a modified version of the Williamson and Hall equation. A strong development of the crystallographic texture with increasing deformation was observed. Deformation-induced formation of a small fraction α＇-martensite was observed, indicating that the steel also exhibits γ→α＇-martensite transformation during cold rolling, which is discussed via the changes of the stacking-fault probability and the texture development during cold rolling.

On the stacking fault forming probability and stacking fault energy in carbon-doped 17 at%Mn steels via transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography

Assessing the stacking fault forming probability(P_(sf)) and stacking fault energy(SFE)in medium-or highMn base structural materials can anticipate and elucidate the microstructural evolution before and after deformation.Typically,these two parameters have been determined from theoretical calculations and empirical results.However,the estimation of SFE values in Fe–Mn–C ternary systems is a longstanding debate due to the complicated nature of carbon:that is,whether the carbon doping indeed plays an important role in the formation of stacking faults;and how the amount of carbon atoms exist at grain boundaries or at internal grains with respect to the nominal carbon doping contents.Herein,the use of atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)unveils the influence of carbondoping contents on the structural properties of dual-phase Fe–17 Mn–x C(x=0–1.56 at%)steels,such as carbon segregation free energy at grain boundaries,carbon concentration in grain interior,interplanar D-spacings,and mean width of intrinsic stacking faults,which are essential for SFE estimation.We next determined the Psfvalues by two different methods,viz.,reciprocal-space electron diffraction measurements and stacking fault width measurements in real-space TEM images.Then,SFEs in the Fe–17 Mn–x C systems were calculated on the basis of the generally-known SFE equations.We found that the high amount of carbon doping gives rise to the increased SFE from 8.6 to 13.5 m J/m^(2)with non-linear variation.This SFE trend varies inversely with the mean width of localized stacking faults,which pass through both other stacking faults and pre-existingε-martensite plates without much difficulty at their intersecting zones.The high amount of carbon doping acts twofold,through increasing the segregation free energy(due to more carbon at grain boundaries)and large lattice expansion(due to increased soluble carbon at internal grains).The experimental data obtained here strengthens the composition-dependent SFE maps for predicting the deformation structure and mechanical response of other carbon-doped high-Mn alloy compositions.

Mapping the topography and cone morphology of the Dalinor volcanic swarm in Inner Mongolia with remote sensing and DEM Data

The Dalinor volcanic swarm, located south of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia of China, was a result of multistage eruptions that occurred since the Neogene period. This swarm is mainly composed of volcanic cones and lava tablelands. The objective of this study is to map the topography and morphology of this volcanic swarm. It is based on a variety of data collected from various sources, such as the digital elevation model （DEM）, Landsat images, and a 1：50,000 topographic map, in addition to various software platforms, including ArcGIS, Envi4.8, Global Mapper, and Google Earth for data processing and interpretation. The results show that the overall topography of the volcanic swarm is a platform with a central swell having great undulation, sizable gradient variations, a rough surface, and small terrain relief. According to the undulating characteristics of the line profile, the volcanic swarm can be divided into four stairs with heights of 1,280 m, 1,360 m, 1,440 m, and 1,500 m. The analysis of the swath profile characterizes the two clusters of volcanoes with different height ranges and evolution. The lava tablelands and volcanic cones are distributed in nearly EW-trending belts, where tableland coverage was delineated with superposed layers of gradients and degrees of relief. According to the morphology, the volcanic cones were classified into four types： conical, composite, dome, and shield. The formation causes and classification basis for each type of volcanic cone were analyzed and their parameters were extracted. The HID ratios of all types of volcanic cones were then statistically determined and projected to create a map of volcanic density distribution. Based on the relationship between distribution and time sequence of the formation of different volcanic cones, itcan be inferred that the volcanic eruptions migrated from the margins to the center of the lava plateau. The central area was formed through superposition of multi-stage eruptive materials. In addition, a large number of early shield volcanoes were distributed on the margins. The morphological analysis of volcanic cones reveals the evolutionary stages of different types of cones. From the interpreted geomorphological indicators of faults, such as surface scarps, the pattern of volcanic cones, and the arrangement of crater major axes, it can be inferred that NE-trending and nearly EW-trending faults are present in this area, which are closely related to the formation and distribution of the volcanoes.